• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.78-82
• /
• 1996

In order to clarify effect of transplanting angle of seedling on shape and growth of ginseng root, ginseng of seedlings were transplanted with $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ respectively, and the root characters of 2-, 4- and 6-year-old ginseng were investigated. The length of main root with 45$^{\circ}$was above 7 cm (standard) but that of $60^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ was below 7 cm (standard). Number of good lateral root was above 2.3 ea for $45^{\circ}$, 0~$30^{\circ}$, but below 2.3 ea per plant for 60~$90^{\circ}$ respectively. Root fresh weight with $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ was heavier than that with $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$. Root disease infection rate was highest with $0^{\circ}$. There were, no significant difference in stem length, stem diameter, leaf area, comber of palmate leaves and leaflets per plant, ratio of missing plant, root diameter in 2-, 4- and 6-year-old ginseng.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.657-666
• /
• 1996

Orthopantomogram is commonly used to evaluate root parallelism. "Good parallelism" between roots is widely accepted as one of the guidelines of a successful orthodontic treatment. In case there was a large angle between crown axis and root axis, and if we valued only the position of crown in establishing occlusal relationship without considering of the situation of root, the problem of root arrangement between adjacent teeth would be occurred. The estimate of root parallelism in mesiodistal direction before and after orthodontic treatment must be emphasized. The intent of this study was to determine the clinical importance and correlation of the angle between crown axis and root axis. Orthopantomograms of 105 orthodontic patients being treated in Yonsei university were used in this study. Twenty-eight teeth in both maxilla and mandible were selected and analyzed quantitively to evaluate the angle between crown axis and root axis, and obtain the correlationship among the individual teeth. The results are as follows: 1. Among the teeth presenting normal distribution, the maxillary right canine showed the largest mean value( $5.73{\pm}4.42^{\circ}$), which was composed of the crown-root angles, and the mandibular left lateral incisor showed the smallest mean value( $0.60{\pm}3.76^{\circ}$). 2. The crown-root angles of the maxillary incisors and the first molars, and the mandibular central incisors and the first molars didn't show normal distribution and the ranges of these angles were dispersed. 3. Significant differences were present between the crown axis and the root axis except for lower first premolars. (p<0.05) 4. No significant difference was present for the crown-root angle between right and left side, (p<0.05) 5. No significant difference was present for the crown-root angle between male and female except for lower left first premolar. (p<0.05) 6. In the upper right quadrant, significant correlations were present between crown-root angles of the central incisor and lateral incisor, lateral incisor and canine. In the upper left quadrant, significant correlations were present between crown-root angles of the central incisor and lateral incisor. In the lower right quadrant, significant correlations were present between crown-root angles of the central incisor and lateral incisor, first molar and second molar. In the lower left quadrant, significant correlations were present between crown-root angles of the central incisor and lateral incisor, lateral incisor and canine, first molar and second molar. (p<0.05)

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.709-717
• /
• 2013

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of root pruning intensity in combination with different initial seedling size on the growth of transplanting seedlings of Quercus acutissima. One-year-old seedlings were divided into three groups depending on their height, i.e. small (< 15 cm), medium (25-35 cm) and large size (35 cm <). Root of seedlings was pruned by three intensity such as, leaving 5 cm (severe), 10 cm (medium) and 15 cm (light) of taproot from the root-collar. After one year, we investigated survival rate, height and root-collar diameter (RCD) increment and final shoot dry weight. Also we measured characteristics of newly developed lateral roots such as number, total length, dry weight and diameter. Severe root pruning showed the lowest survival rate in all seedling size. Height increment, RCD increment and shoot dry weight were decreased with increasing intensity of root pruning. Seedlings of medium and light root pruning showed similar above-ground growth and dry weight of lateral roots. More large seedlings showed good survival rate, height increment and final shoot dry mass in all root pruning intensity. Therefore, one-year-old seedlings of Q. acutissima should be pruned taproot by 10 cm and transplanted to obtain excellent performance and increase the efficiency of transplanting work. Based on the findings of this study, it is important that applying to different root pruning intensity depending on initial seedling size for producing 2-year-old seedlings with excellent growth and high quality.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.126-131
• /
• 2014

Among dental traumas, horizontal root fractures are relatively uncommon injuries. Proper initial management and periodical evaluation is essential for the successful treatment of a root-fractured tooth. If pulpal necrosis develops, endodontic treatment is indicated, exclusively for the coronal fragment. Fragment diastases exert a great influence on healing at the fracture line and on pulpal necrosis. An adequately treated root-fractured tooth has a good prognosis. This case report describes the treatment and 2-yr follow up of 3 maxillary central incisors, first with horizontal root fracture, second with horizontal root fracture and avulsion, and third with horizontal root fracture and lateral luxation. All three cases were treated with mineral trioxide aggregate (ProRoot, Dentsply). During 2 yr of follow-up evaluation, the root-fractured teeth of the present patients were well retained in the arch, showing periodontal healing, even after endodontic treatment.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.147-154
• /
• 1989

일본형 수도, 통일형 수도 및 통일형 수도의 교배친 등을 공시하여 이의 종근으로부터 근단을 1cm로 절취한 분리근을 천전 등의 $\ulcorner$개량배지$\lrcorner$를 기본으로 하여 pH, 당농도, Casamino acid 농도 등을 달리한 oq지에 무균배양한 분리근의 생장 튿성을 비교하였던 바 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 분리근의 근장은 27$^{\circ}C$구에서는 일본형품종과 다수형 품종간에 별차이는 없었으나 3$0^{\circ}C$구에서는 일본형 수도에 비교해서 통일형 품종의 신장이 현저히 양호하였다. 2. 분리근의 건물중은 27$^{\circ}C$구 및 3$0^{\circ}C$구 공히 일본형 품종에 비교해서 통일형 품종이 현저하게 무거운 것으로 인정되었다. 3. 일본형 품종과 통일형 품종간에 나타난 분리근의 건물중 차이는 주로 측근발육의 양부에 따른 것으로 특히 2~3cm길이의 특근수에 차이가 인정되었다. 4. Casamino acid 반응에서 일본형 품종은 주근 및 측근의 생장이 0.2%구에서 양호하였으나, 통일형 품종에서는 대부분의 품종이 주근의 신장은 Casamino acid 무처리구에서 측근의 생장은 0.2%구에서 매우 양호하였다. 5. 분리근의 생장은 배지의 pH, 당농도 및 Casamino acid 농도 등을 달리한 경우에 있어서도 통일형 품종이 일본형 품종보다 양호하였다. 6. 통일형 품종의 교배친중 인도별 품종과 일본형 품종에 있어서 전자는 후자보다 분리근의 생장이 양호하였을 뿐만 아니라 Casamino acid반응이 통일형 품종과 거의 같은 경향인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식물병리학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.160-166
• /
• 1997

전국에서 채집한 균주들 중 근권정착능력이 있는 균주를 선발하였다. 선발된 대부분의 균주들은 형광성 Pseudomonas속에 속하는 균주들이어고 이들 중 근권정착능력이 아주 우수한 B16과 V13을, 정착능력이 낮은 MC07과 X01을 시험에 공시하였다. 근권정착능력이 우수한 균주 B16과 V13은 종자 발아 초기단계에서의 증식 능력이 우수할 뿐만 아니라, 종자가 발아를 시작하여 유근이 나오는 시기에 이들의 정착밀도가 높았으며, 96시간이 지난 후에도 뿌리의 근단 부위에서 V13과 B16 균주들의 정착밀도가 높았다. 주사전자현미경(SEM)을 통하여 이들의 근권에서의 정착양상을 관찰한 결과, 정착능력이 우수한 균주들은 뿌리의 전반적인 부분에서 증식하고 근단 부위로 이동하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 그러나 정착능력이 낮은 균주들은 유근의 표면에 산발적으로 흩어져 증식한 것을 볼 수 있었다.

• Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.508-512
• /
• 2018

Foraminal decompression using a minimally invasive technique to preserve facet joint stability and function without fusion reportedly improves the radicular symptoms in approximately 80% of patients and is considered one of the good surgical treatment choices for lumbar foraminal or extraforaminal stenosis. However, proper decompression was not possible because of the inability to access the foramen at the L5-S1 level due to prominence of the iliac crest. To overcome this challenge, endoscopy-based minimally invasive spine surgery has recently gained attention. Here, we report the technical skills required in unilateral extraforaminal biportal endoscopic spinal surgery using a $30^{\circ}$ arthroscope to enable foraminal decompression at the L5-S1 level. Two 0.8-cm portals were created 2 cm lateral from the lateral border of the pedicles at the L5-S1 level. After sufficient working space was made, half of the superior articular process (SAP) in the hypertrophied facet joint was removed using a high-speed burr and a 5-mm wide osteotome, whereas the remaining inside part of the SAP was removed using a Kerrison punch and pituitary punch. The foraminal ligamentum flavum should be removed to inspect the conditions of the L5 exiting root and disc. Removing of the extruded disc could decompress the L5 root. The extraforaminal approach using a $30^{\circ}$ arthroscope is considered a minimally invasive alternative technique for decompressing foraminal stenosis at the L5-S1 level that preserves facet stability and provides symptomatic relief.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.641-652
• /
• 2021

Digging well foundation has been widely used in railway bridges due to its good economy and reliability. In other instances, bridges with digging well foundation still have damage risks during earthquakes. In this study, a new type of digging well foundation with prefabricated roots was proposed to reduce earthquake damage of these bridges. Quasi-static tests were conducted to investigate the failure mechanism of the root digging well foundation, and then to analyze seismic behaviors of the new type well foundation. The testing results indicated that these prefabricated roots could effectively limit the rotation and uplift of the digging well foundation and increase the lateral bearing capacity of the digging well foundation. The elastic critical load and ultimate load can be increased by 69% and 36% if prefabricated roots were added in the digging well foundation. The prefabricated roots drived more soil around the foundation to participate in working, the stiffness of the bridge pier with root digging well foundation was improved. Moreover, the root participation could improve the energy dissipation capacity of soil-foundation-pier interaction system. The conclusions obtained in this paper had important guiding significance for the popularization and application of the digging well foundation with prefabricated roots in earthquake-prone zones.

• 대한치과의사협회지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.267-269
• /
• 1973

The authors had a case report of radicular cyst on left maxillary lateral incisor root apex region. Left maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor, canine was extracted, cyst was curetted. The prosthodontic treatment was good clinical results applying fixed bridge and the gum plate of resin in the case of massive alveolar bone loss.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 ITC-CSCC -2
• /
• pp.1119-1122
• /
• 2000

This paper describes on RF circuit simulation technique, especially on a RF modeling and a model extraction of a LDMOS(Lateral Diffused MOS) that has gate-width (Wg) dependence. Small-signal model parameters of the LDMOSs with various gate-widths extracted from S-parameter data are applied to make the relation between the RF performances and gate-width. It is proved that a source inductance (Ls) was not applicable to scaling rules. These extracted small-signal model parameters are also utilized to remove extrinsic elements in an extraction of a large-signal model (using HP Root MOSFET Model). Therefore, we can omit an additional measurement to extract extrinsic elements. When the large-signal model with Ls having the above gate-width dependence is applied to a high-power LDMOS module, the simulated performances (Output power, etc.) are in a good agreement with experimental results. It is proved that our extracted model and RF circuit simulation have a good accuracy.