• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.78-82
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• 1996

In order to clarify effect of transplanting angle of seedling on shape and growth of ginseng root, ginseng of seedlings were transplanted with $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ respectively, and the root characters of 2-, 4- and 6-year-old ginseng were investigated. The length of main root with 45$^{\circ}$was above 7 cm (standard) but that of $60^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ was below 7 cm (standard). Number of good lateral root was above 2.3 ea for $45^{\circ}$, 0~$30^{\circ}$, but below 2.3 ea per plant for 60~$90^{\circ}$ respectively. Root fresh weight with $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ was heavier than that with $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$. Root disease infection rate was highest with $0^{\circ}$. There were, no significant difference in stem length, stem diameter, leaf area, comber of palmate leaves and leaflets per plant, ratio of missing plant, root diameter in 2-, 4- and 6-year-old ginseng.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.657-666
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• 1996

Orthopantomogram is commonly used to evaluate root parallelism. "Good parallelism" between roots is widely accepted as one of the guidelines of a successful orthodontic treatment. In case there was a large angle between crown axis and root axis, and if we valued only the position of crown in establishing occlusal relationship without considering of the situation of root, the problem of root arrangement between adjacent teeth would be occurred. The estimate of root parallelism in mesiodistal direction before and after orthodontic treatment must be emphasized. The intent of this study was to determine the clinical importance and correlation of the angle between crown axis and root axis. Orthopantomograms of 105 orthodontic patients being treated in Yonsei university were used in this study. Twenty-eight teeth in both maxilla and mandible were selected and analyzed quantitively to evaluate the angle between crown axis and root axis, and obtain the correlationship among the individual teeth. The results are as follows: 1. Among the teeth presenting normal distribution, the maxillary right canine showed the largest mean value( $5.73{\pm}4.42^{\circ}$), which was composed of the crown-root angles, and the mandibular left lateral incisor showed the smallest mean value( $0.60{\pm}3.76^{\circ}$). 2. The crown-root angles of the maxillary incisors and the first molars, and the mandibular central incisors and the first molars didn't show normal distribution and the ranges of these angles were dispersed. 3. Significant differences were present between the crown axis and the root axis except for lower first premolars. (p<0.05) 4. No significant difference was present for the crown-root angle between right and left side, (p<0.05) 5. No significant difference was present for the crown-root angle between male and female except for lower left first premolar. (p<0.05) 6. In the upper right quadrant, significant correlations were present between crown-root angles of the central incisor and lateral incisor, lateral incisor and canine. In the upper left quadrant, significant correlations were present between crown-root angles of the central incisor and lateral incisor. In the lower right quadrant, significant correlations were present between crown-root angles of the central incisor and lateral incisor, first molar and second molar. In the lower left quadrant, significant correlations were present between crown-root angles of the central incisor and lateral incisor, lateral incisor and canine, first molar and second molar. (p<0.05)

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.709-717
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of root pruning intensity in combination with different initial seedling size on the growth of transplanting seedlings of Quercus acutissima. One-year-old seedlings were divided into three groups depending on their height, i.e. small (< 15 cm), medium (25-35 cm) and large size (35 cm <). Root of seedlings was pruned by three intensity such as, leaving 5 cm (severe), 10 cm (medium) and 15 cm (light) of taproot from the root-collar. After one year, we investigated survival rate, height and root-collar diameter (RCD) increment and final shoot dry weight. Also we measured characteristics of newly developed lateral roots such as number, total length, dry weight and diameter. Severe root pruning showed the lowest survival rate in all seedling size. Height increment, RCD increment and shoot dry weight were decreased with increasing intensity of root pruning. Seedlings of medium and light root pruning showed similar above-ground growth and dry weight of lateral roots. More large seedlings showed good survival rate, height increment and final shoot dry mass in all root pruning intensity. Therefore, one-year-old seedlings of Q. acutissima should be pruned taproot by 10 cm and transplanted to obtain excellent performance and increase the efficiency of transplanting work. Based on the findings of this study, it is important that applying to different root pruning intensity depending on initial seedling size for producing 2-year-old seedlings with excellent growth and high quality.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.126-131
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• 2014

Among dental traumas, horizontal root fractures are relatively uncommon injuries. Proper initial management and periodical evaluation is essential for the successful treatment of a root-fractured tooth. If pulpal necrosis develops, endodontic treatment is indicated, exclusively for the coronal fragment. Fragment diastases exert a great influence on healing at the fracture line and on pulpal necrosis. An adequately treated root-fractured tooth has a good prognosis. This case report describes the treatment and 2-yr follow up of 3 maxillary central incisors, first with horizontal root fracture, second with horizontal root fracture and avulsion, and third with horizontal root fracture and lateral luxation. All three cases were treated with mineral trioxide aggregate (ProRoot, Dentsply). During 2 yr of follow-up evaluation, the root-fractured teeth of the present patients were well retained in the arch, showing periodontal healing, even after endodontic treatment.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 1989

The experiments were carried out to compare the growth characteristics of excised seminal roots in Japonica type, Indica- Japonica hybrids and its parents. Based on the modified culture medium by Kawata et al., several levels of pH. sucrose and casamino acid were varied in the culture media. The excised root length at 27$^{\circ}C$ incubator was little different between Japonica type and Indica-Japonica hybrids, but at 30$^{\circ}C$ incubator the excised root elongation of Indica-Japonica hybrids was much better than that of Japonica type. The dry matter weight of excised root in Indica- Japonica hybrids was significantly heavier than in Japonica type at both 27 and 30$^{\circ}C$ incubators. The difference of dry root weight between Japonica type and Indica- Japonica hybrids was caused from the number of lateral roots, especially the root numbers of 25 cm length. The main and lateral seminal root growth of Japonica type grew best at the lot of 0.2 percent casamino acid. However, the lots of 0 and 0.2 percent casamino acid showed good results in the main and lateral excised root growth. respectively of Indica-Japonica hydrids. The growth of excised roots was better in Indica-Japonica hybrids than in Japonica type at even various levels of pH, sucrose and casamino acid. Between the parents of Indica - Japonica hybrids, the excised root growth of Indica type was more predominant than that of Japonica type, and the effect of casamino acid on the excised root growth in the formar was similar to that of Indica type. This result indicated that the growth characteristics of excised seminal roots in Indica Japonica hybrids were derived from the parent, Indica type.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.160-166
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• 1997

Number of bacterial isolates were collected from high mountainous areas at various locations in the whole country to select promising biocontrol agents. Most of selected isolates belonged to fluorescent pseudomonads. Population densities of fluorescent pseudomonads were examined by DLF method. Alll selected isolates rapidly multiplied on spermosphere after seed inoculation upto 24, and then the population abruptly declined. When seeds were germinated fully, bacteria moved to newly emerging radicle. The good root colonizing isolates, B16 and V13 proliferated on the growing root and moved down to the root tip and lateral roots. but the poor root colonizing isolates, MC07 and X01 moved much slower. Scanning electron microscopic observations showed that the cells of the good colonizing isolates were arranged linearly on the growing root and parallel to growing root axis and continuously existed on the root tip, Whereas the cells of poorly colonizing isolates were gathered and scattered randomly on the root surface.

• Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.508-512
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• 2018

Foraminal decompression using a minimally invasive technique to preserve facet joint stability and function without fusion reportedly improves the radicular symptoms in approximately 80% of patients and is considered one of the good surgical treatment choices for lumbar foraminal or extraforaminal stenosis. However, proper decompression was not possible because of the inability to access the foramen at the L5-S1 level due to prominence of the iliac crest. To overcome this challenge, endoscopy-based minimally invasive spine surgery has recently gained attention. Here, we report the technical skills required in unilateral extraforaminal biportal endoscopic spinal surgery using a $30^{\circ}$ arthroscope to enable foraminal decompression at the L5-S1 level. Two 0.8-cm portals were created 2 cm lateral from the lateral border of the pedicles at the L5-S1 level. After sufficient working space was made, half of the superior articular process (SAP) in the hypertrophied facet joint was removed using a high-speed burr and a 5-mm wide osteotome, whereas the remaining inside part of the SAP was removed using a Kerrison punch and pituitary punch. The foraminal ligamentum flavum should be removed to inspect the conditions of the L5 exiting root and disc. Removing of the extruded disc could decompress the L5 root. The extraforaminal approach using a $30^{\circ}$ arthroscope is considered a minimally invasive alternative technique for decompressing foraminal stenosis at the L5-S1 level that preserves facet stability and provides symptomatic relief.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.641-652
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• 2021

Digging well foundation has been widely used in railway bridges due to its good economy and reliability. In other instances, bridges with digging well foundation still have damage risks during earthquakes. In this study, a new type of digging well foundation with prefabricated roots was proposed to reduce earthquake damage of these bridges. Quasi-static tests were conducted to investigate the failure mechanism of the root digging well foundation, and then to analyze seismic behaviors of the new type well foundation. The testing results indicated that these prefabricated roots could effectively limit the rotation and uplift of the digging well foundation and increase the lateral bearing capacity of the digging well foundation. The elastic critical load and ultimate load can be increased by 69% and 36% if prefabricated roots were added in the digging well foundation. The prefabricated roots drived more soil around the foundation to participate in working, the stiffness of the bridge pier with root digging well foundation was improved. Moreover, the root participation could improve the energy dissipation capacity of soil-foundation-pier interaction system. The conclusions obtained in this paper had important guiding significance for the popularization and application of the digging well foundation with prefabricated roots in earthquake-prone zones.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.267-269
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• 1973

The authors had a case report of radicular cyst on left maxillary lateral incisor root apex region. Left maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor, canine was extracted, cyst was curetted. The prosthodontic treatment was good clinical results applying fixed bridge and the gum plate of resin in the case of massive alveolar bone loss.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.07b
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• pp.1119-1122
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• 2000

This paper describes on RF circuit simulation technique, especially on a RF modeling and a model extraction of a LDMOS(Lateral Diffused MOS) that has gate-width (Wg) dependence. Small-signal model parameters of the LDMOSs with various gate-widths extracted from S-parameter data are applied to make the relation between the RF performances and gate-width. It is proved that a source inductance (Ls) was not applicable to scaling rules. These extracted small-signal model parameters are also utilized to remove extrinsic elements in an extraction of a large-signal model (using HP Root MOSFET Model). Therefore, we can omit an additional measurement to extract extrinsic elements. When the large-signal model with Ls having the above gate-width dependence is applied to a high-power LDMOS module, the simulated performances (Output power, etc.) are in a good agreement with experimental results. It is proved that our extracted model and RF circuit simulation have a good accuracy.