• KSBB Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.561-567
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• 1995

Using superoxide dismutase (SOD)-deficient mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the oxygen toxicity induced by paraquat was studied. In aerobic culture condition, yeasts lacking MnSOD (milochondrial SOD) showed more significant growth retardation than CuZnSOD (cytoplasmic SOD)-deficient yeasts. However, not so big differences in growth pattern of those mutants compared with wild type were observed under anaerobic condition. When exposed to paraquat, the growth of yeasts lacking CuZnSOD was severely affected by higher than 0.01mM of paraquat in culture medium. By the analysis of several cellular components ivolved in free radical generating and scavenging system, it was found that, under aerobic condition, the content of lipid peroxides in cell membrane as well as cellular activity of glutathion peroxidase of CuZnSOD-deficient mutants was increased in the presence of paraquat, although significant decrease of catalase activity was observed in those stratns. In MnSOD-deficient yeast, however, increment in cellular activity of glutathion peroxldase and catalase by paraquat was observed without any deterioration of membrane lipid. It implies that the lack of mitochondrial SOD could be compensated by both of glutathion peroxldase and catalase, but that only glutathion peroxidase might act for CuZnSOD in cytoplasm. In contrast, all of SOD-deficient mutants showed a significant decrease in catalase activity, but slight increase in the activities of glutathion peroxidase, when cultivated anaerobically in the medium containing paraquat. Nevertheless, any significant changes of lipid peroxides in cell membranes were not observed during anaerobic cultivation of SOD-deficient mutants. It suggests that a little amount of free radicals generated by paraquat under anaerobic condition could be sufficiently overcome by glutathion peroxidase but not by catalase.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.35-49
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• 1999

This study was made to investigate the antioxidative effects of Geagibokrounghwan on the hepatic and renal lesion induced by cholesterol in mouse. The normal group was fed basal diet and water ; control groups were fed basal diet containing 0.5% of cholesterol ; test groups were fed the Geagibokrounghwan extract($10m{\ell}/kg$) after fed basal diet containing 0.5% of cholesterol for 6 weeks. In the liver and kidney of control group, lipid peroxidation(LPO) was significantly increased, however, the activities of superoxidation dismutase(SOD) and catalase and the amount of glutathion(GSH) were significantly decreased. In the liver and kidney of test group, lipid peroxidation(LPO) was decreased significantly as compared with control group. Contrary to this, the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase and the amount of glutathion(GSH) were significantly increased. These results indicate that Geagibokrounghwan revealed the antioxidant effects, which may reduce the hepatic and renal damage induced by cholesterol in mouse.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.178-182
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• 1996

Using superoxide dismutase (SOD)-deficient mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the oxidative stresses induced by 0.1 mM of copper ion $(Cu^{++})$ was studied. In aerobic culture condition, yeasts lacking MnSOD (mitochondrial SOD) showed more significant growth retardation than CuZnSOD (cytoplasmic SOD)-deficient yeasts. However, not so big differences in growth pattern of those mutants compared withwild type were observed under anaerobic condition. It was found that, under aerobic condition, the supplementation of 0.1 mM copper ioh:(Cu") into culture medium caused the remarkable increase of CuZnSOD but not so significant change in MnSOD. It was also observed that catalase activities appeared to be relatively high in the presence of copper ion in spite of the remarkable reduction of glutathion peroxidase in CuZnSOD-deficient yeasts, but the slight increments of catalase and glutathion peroxidase were detected in MnSOD-deficient strains. It implies that the lack of cytoplasmic SOD could be compensated mainly by catalase. However, these phenomena resulted in the significantincrease of cellular lipid peroxides content in CuZnSOD-deficient yeasts and the slight increment of lipid peroxides in MNSOD-deficient cells. In anaerobic cultivation supplementing copper ion, the cellular enzyme activities of catalase and glutathion peroxidase in SOD-deficient yeasts were slightly increased without any significant changes of lipid peroxides in cell membrane. It suggests that a little amount of free radicals generated by copper ion under anaerobic condition could be sufficiently overcome by catalase as well as glutathion peroxidase.dase.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.67-71
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• 2001

Effects of exposure to a neurotoxicant, fenitrothion on antioxidant enzyme activities in Chironomus riparius Mg. (Diptera, Chironomidae) larvae were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Exposure to this chemical led to an increase of cupper, zinc type superoxide dismutase and manganese type superoxide dismutase activities and to a decrease of glutathion peroxidase activity. An activation of catalase was observed in the larvae exposed to high fenitrothion concentration. The response of superoxide dismutase was rapid and sensitive to low chemical concentrations, but changes in catalase, total peroxidase and glutathion peroxidase were less sensitive. In this study, antioxidant enzyme activities in Chironomus riparius larvae were identified as pertinent biomarkers for environmental monitoring.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.254-261
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• 2000

In order to observe the bioactivity of ovariectomized rats, ovariectomized group (Ovx), nonovariectomized group (Sham), ovariectomized Vitamin C-treat group (Ovx+Vit C), ovariectomized Vitamin E-treat group (Ovx+Vit E) and ovariectomized Vitamin C+Vitamin E-treat group(Ovx+Vit C+E) were made. Lipidperoxides of liver and kidney, serum total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were investigate as follows. Lipidperoxides of liver and kidney in Ovx group were 1.78 times and 1.61 times increased compared to Sham group respectively. But, they were significantly decreased in Ovx+Vit C group, Ovx+Vit E group, Ovx+Vit C+E group compared to Ovx group. Serum total cholesterol in Ovx group was increased 2.57 times compared to Sham group. Injections of each substance such as ascorbate, tocopherol, mixture (C+E) make data of Cholesterol become low. When especially Vit C is injected, the data of cholesterol lowed by about 94%. Serum HDL-cholesterol in Ovx group decreased 36.7% compared to Sham group. And as the result of the measurement of SOD, Catalase, and GPx which are antioxidant enzyme, SOD and Catalase activities in Ovx group much higher than in Sham group. Based on the results, it is supposed that more produced free radicals increased antioxidant enzyme. And it is also thought that vitamin can inhibit aging by reducing antioxidant enzyme.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 1988

Effects of acanthopanax cortex extracts on glutathion S-transferase (GST), glutathion peroxidase (GSH-px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities related to 7,12-dimethyl-benz(a)anthracene(DMBA) metabolism and on DMBA-induced mutagenicity were investigated in this study. From the comparative study of three extracts, it was found that butanol extract was more potent than other extracts in increment of GST, GSH-px and SOD activities and in inhibitory effects of lipoperoxide formation of liver. Also ether and butanol extracts inhibited DMBA-induced mutagenicity, showing 33% to 36% of inhibition at maximum, when ether and butanol extracts were administered to rats intraperitoneally.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.211-217
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• 2002

Hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of Angelica tenuissima Nakai on the $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated. To elucidate the hepatoprotective activity and free radical scavenging effect, we examined alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin, total protein, cholesterol, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) in hepatic tissue as compared with those of carbon tetrachloride-induced rats. The action mechanism also has been estimated by quantative analysis of cytochrome P450 (CYP), NADPH-CYP reductase for phase I metabolism and glutathion (GSH), glutathion S-transferase (GST) level for phase II metabolsim. Treatment of Angelica tenuissima methanol extract significantly lowered the levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. In addition, the levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, MDA, CAT were decreased, and SOD was activated. This result indicates that the hepatoprotective effect of Angelica tenuissima methanol extract on the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity would be originated from reduction of the NADPH-CYP reductase, GSH and the enhancement of the activities of GST, CYP.

• 대한방사선방어학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.116-117
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• 2011

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.248-254
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• 1997

Expression vector (pGEX-Tu) for the coat protein (CP) gene of turnip mosaic virus Ca strain (TuMV-Ca) was constructed by incorporation of TuMV CP gene into pGEX-KG vector which had ${\beta}$-galactosidase gene and IPTG (isopropylthio-${\beta}$-D-galactoside) induction site. The results of ELISA and western hybridization indicated that optimal condition of the expression were when IPTG and western hybridization indicated that optimal condition of the expression were when IPTG induction was carried out on YTA medium with ampicillin in 2 hours after the E. coli seed inoculation ($A_{595}$=0.1/ml). TuMV CP gene was expressed with GST (Glutathion S-Transferase) gene fusion system, and the size of fusion protein was estimated to be 59kDa, for TuMV CP was 33 kDa and GST was 26 kDa.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.92-95
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• 1983

The addition products of glutathione to ${\beta}$ -nitrostyrene derivatives were synthesized. ${\beta}$ -Nitrostyrene (1a), p-methyl-${\beta}$-nitrostyrene (1b), 3,4,5-trimethoxy-${\beta}$-nitrostyrene (1c), o-, m- and p-chloro-${\beta}$-nitrostyrene (1e, 1f, 1g) and o-, m- and p-methoxy-${\beta}$-nitrostyrene (1h, 1i, 1j) undergo addition reactions with glutathione to form S-(2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)-L-glutathione (5a), S-[2-nitro-1-(p-methyl)phenylethyl]-L-glutatione (5b), S-[2-nitro-1-(3', 4', 5'-trimethoxy)phenylethyl]-L-glutathione (5c), S-[2-nitro-1-(o-chloro)phenylethyl]-L-glutathione (5e), S-[2-nitro-1-(m-choro)phenylethyl]-L-glutathione (5f), S-[2-nitro-1-(p-chloro)phenylethyl]-L-glutathione (5g), S-[2-nitro-x-(o-methoxy)-phenylethyl]-L-glutathion e(5h), S-[2-nitro-x-(m-methoxy)phenylethyl]-L-glutathion e (5i), and S-[2-nitro-1-(p-methoxy)phenylethy])-L-glutathione (5j), respectively. The structure of adducts were identified by UV and IR-spectra, molecular weight measurement, and elemental analysis.