• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.267-281
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• 1999

1. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Taeyeumjoweetang on the cerebral neurons injured by glucose oxidase(GO). 2. Methods : I observed cell viability in mouse cerebral neurons exposed to glucose oxidase by NR assay and MTT assay and determined lipid peroxidation in mouse cerebral neurons exposed to glucose oxidase. After administration of Taeyeumjoweetang water extracts, I observed significant changes of cell viability, lipid peroxidation in mouse cerebral neurons exposed to glucose oxidase. 3. Results : GO induced cell degeneration such as the decrease of cell viability was measured by MTT and NR assay in the cultured mouse cerebral cortical neurons. Taeyeumjoweetang was effective in the increase of total protein of neurons inhibited by GO. Taeyeumjoweetang was effective in the decrease of lipid peroxidation of neurons produced by GO.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.136-139
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• 2003

Cytotoxicity of glucose oxidase(GO) and cardioprotective effect of Salviae Multiorrhizae Radix(SMR) against GO-induced cardiotoxicity were measured for evaluation of cardiotoxicity on cultured mouse pulmonary endotherial cells(PEC) by MTT assay after PEC were cultured for 8 hours at various concentrations of GO. GO was toxic in a time and dose-dependent manner on cultured PEC after PEC were grown for 8 hours in media containing 1～60mU/ml GO. While, cultures were pretreated with 60 μg/ml SMR for 2 hours increased remarkably cell viability. From the above results, it is suggested that GO is toxic on cultured PEC by the decrease of cell viability, and herb medicine such as SMR is very effective in the prevention of vascular toxicity induced by GO.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.457-460
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• 2003

It has been suggested that oxidative stress of reactive oxygen species(ROS) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurological disorder. The aim of this study was to elucidate the oxidative stress of glucose oxidase(GO) in the cultured mouse spinal motor neurons and the preventing effect of Benincasae Semen(BS) on ROS-induced neurotoxicity. Cytotoxic effect of GO and protective effect of BS were performed by MTT assay. 30mU/ml GO decreased cell viability in dose-and time-dependent mannner, and BS diminished GO-induced neurotoxicity in these cultures. From above the results, ROS such as GO has toxic effect, and herb extract of BS is very effective against GO-induced neurotoxicity in cultured spinal motor neurons of neonatal mouse.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.143-151
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• 1999

To evaluate the neurotoxic effect of oxygen radicals in cultured mouse spinal dorsal root ganglion(DRG) neurons, cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay after cultured DRG neurons were grown in the media containing various concentrations of glucose oxidase(GO). In addition, neuroprotective effect of herb extract, Epimedium Koreanum Nakai was examined by MTT assay in cultured DRG neurons. Cell viability of cultured DRG neurons was remarkably decreased by GO in dose- and time-dependent manner, and Epimedium Koreanum Nakai protected remarkably GO-induced neurotoxicity in these cultures. From the above results, it is suggested that oxygen radicals is toxic in cultured mouse DRG neurons, and herb extracts such as Epimedium Koreanum Nakai are effective in prevention of the neurotoxicity induced by oxygen radicals in cultured mouse DRG neurons.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.141-145
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• 2002

In order to clarify the neuroprotective effect of Gamibojungikki-tang (GBJIKT) water extract on cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron damaged by glucose Oxidase (GO), MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay and SRB (Sulforhodamine B) assay were carried out after the cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron were preincubated with various concentrations of GBJIKT water extract for 3 hours prior to exposure of GO. Cell viability of cultured mouse spinal sensory neurons exposed to various concentrations of GO for 8 hours was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. MTT50 values were 45 mU/ml GO. Cultured mouse spinal sensory neurons in the medium containing various concentration of GO for 8 hours showed decreasing of total protein synthesis. GO was toxic on cultured spinal sensory neurons. Pretreatment at GBJIKT water extract for 3 hours following GO prevented the GO-induced neurotoxicity such as decreasing of total protein synthesis. These results suggest that GO shows toxic effect on cultured spinal sensory neurons and GBJIKT water extract is highly effective in proecting the neurotoxicity induced by GO.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.495-498
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• 2002

Cytotoxicity of glucose oxidase(GO) and neuroprotective effect of Aconiti Radix(AKR) against GO-induced neurotoxicity were measured for elucidating the mechanism of cardiotoxicity on cultured mouse myocardial cells by MTT assay after myocardial cells were cultured for 24 hours at various concentrations of GO. GO was toxic in a time-and dose-dependent manner on cultured myocardial cells after myocardial cells were grown for 24 hours in media containing 5～40mU/ml GO. While, cultures were pretreated with 50 μg/ml AKR for 2 hours increased remarkably cell viability. From the above results, it is suggested that GO is toxic on cultured mouse myocardial cells by the decrease of cell viability, and herb medicine such as AKR is very effective in the prevention of myocardial toxicity induced by GO.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1197-1200
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• 2002

To examine the cardiotoxicity of glucose oxidase(GO) in cultured myocardial cells, cardiotoxicity was measured by MTT assay. Myocardial cells were treated with 1～50 mU/ml GO for 5 hours. The cardioprotective effect of Benincasae Semen(BS) was measured by MTT assay in these cultrures. Cell viability was significantly decreased in dose- and time-dependently after myocardial cells were exposed to 30mU/ml GO for 5 hours. In the cardioprotective effect of BS on the cardiotoxicity induced by GO, BS prevented the cardiotoxicity induced by GO in these cultures. From these results, it suggests that GO had cytotoxic effect in cultured myocardial cells and herb extract, BS showed protective effect on GO-induced cardiotoxicity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.517-519
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• 1991

The effect of glucose oxidase (GO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) on the oxidative stability of fish oil was investigated from oxygen content and peroxide value determinations of oil samples stored in vial. GO could inhibit the oxidation of the oil by removing headspace oxygen. When SOD was solubilized in the oil, peroxide value was slightly lower than that of a control, indicating that the enzyme also had an effect on retarding the oxidation.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-78
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• 1999

As the average life span have been lengthened and the rate of senile population have been raised, chronic degenerative diseases incident to aging has been increased rapidly and become a social problem. With this social background, recently, the facts that oxygen radicals(OR) have toxic effects on Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System and cause neuropathy such as Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer Disease have been turned out, and accordingly lots of studies on the mechanism of the toxic effects of OR on nerves, the diseases caused by OR and the approaches to curing the diseases have been made. The purpose of this study is to examine the toxic effects caused by Glucose Oxidase(GO) and the effects of herbal extracts such as Chilbokyeum(CBY), Chilbokyeumga Acori Rhizoma(CAR), Acori Rhizoma(AR) on the treatment of the toxic effects. For this purpose, experiments with the cultured cell from the cerebrums of new born mice were done. The results of these experiments were as follows. 1. GO, a oxygen radical, decreased the survival rate of the cultured cells on NR assay, MTT assay and amount of neurofilaments and increased the amount of total protein, lipid peroxidation and the amount of LDH. 2. CBY have efficacy of increasing the amount of neurofilaments and total protein and decreasing lipid peroxidation and the amount of LDH. 3. CAR have efficacy of increasing the amount of neurofilaments and total protein and decreasing lipid peroxidation and the amount of LDH. 4. AR have efficacy of increasing the amount of neurofilaments and total protein. From the above results, It is concluded that Chilbokyeumgamibang has marked efficacy as a treatment for the damages caused in the GO-mediated oxidative process. And Chilbokyeumgamibang is thought to have certain pharmacological effects on controlling over aging and treating Dementia. Further clinical study of this pharmacological effects of Chilbokyeumgamibang should be complemented.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to determine if hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) generated by glucose oxidase (GO) induces apoptosis or necrosis of BJAB cells and which radical is the direct mediator of cell death. We found that GO produced $H_2O_2$ continuously in low concentrations, similar to in vivo conditions, and decreased proliferation and cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. The GO-mediated cytotoxicity resulted from apoptosis, and was confirmed by monitoring the cells after H33342/Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. Decreases of mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular glutathione level were found to be critical events in the $H_2O_2$-mediated apoptosis. Additional experiments revealed that $H_2O_2$ exerted its apoptotic action through the formation of hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton rather than the Haber-Weiss reaction. Moreover, intracellular redox-active iron, but not copper, participated in the $H_2O_2$-mediated apoptosis.