• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1611-1620
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• 2008

This clinical research was conducted to test patients with Atopic Dermatitis by external application with Hwangryeonhaedok-Tang in cosmetics. We gave scores to 31 patients who visited the Dept. of Oriental Medical Opthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology of Semyung University Jecheon Oriental Medical Hospital from May 15th, 2008 to June 26th. Fifteen patients were treated with the ointment that contain Hwangryeonhaedok-Tang (experimental group) and sixteen patients were treated with normal ointment that doesn't have Hwangryeonhaedok-Tang (control group) for 4 weeks. We observed change of total IgE, eosinophil count, Skin Temperature, Transepidermal Water Loss(TEWL), Skin Hydration and Skin pH. Also Clinical Index of Atopic Dermatitis(SCORAD Index) and global assesment of efficacy were used to evaluate the effects of Hwangryeonhaedok-Tang. Statistical analysis was performed by using frequency analysis and descriptive analysis. Statistical significance was achieved if the probability was less than 5%(p<0.05). After 4 weeks of external application treatment, SCORAD Index in experimental group was significant statistically decreased compared with control group. After 4 weeks of external application treatment, total IgE of both groups were decreased and eosinophil count in control group was decreased but experimental group was unstatistically decreased. Unstatistically, both groups didn't showed significant effect on Skin Temperature. Transepidermal Water Loss(TEWL) in both groups were increased but experimental group was significant decreased compared with control group. Skin Hydration in experimental group was significant statistically increased compared with control group. Statistically, both groups didn't showed significant effect on Skin pH. Only experimental group showed little increase. After 4 weeks of external application treatment, experimental group showed significant effect on global assesment of efficacy. Considering the above results, we can speculate that cosmetics with Hwangryeonhaedok-Tang has some therapeutical effects in mitigating the symptoms of Atopic Dermatitis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2009

Objectives : The objective of this review was to evaluate clinical trials of warming acupuncture for musculoskeletal pain diseases, to assess the methodologic quality of the trials and determine whether low-quality trials are associated with positive outcomes, to document adverse effects and to identify the effectiveness of the warming acupuncture. Methods : Seven databases and the Journal ZHONGGUO ZHENJIU(中國鍼灸) published between 2004－2008 were searched. Korean and Chinese randomized trials were evaluated for methodologic quality using the modified Jadad scale. Outcome measurements were pain, function and global improvement. The best-evidence synthesis was performed to determine the strength of evidence by control group. Results : Six clinical trials representing 564 patients with musculoskeletal pain diseases were identified. For pain and function, there was moderate evidence that warming acupuncture is more effective than manual acupuncture. For patient global assesment, there was limited evidence that warming acupuncture is more effective than manual acupuncture. However, for function, there was inconclusive evidence that warming acupuncture is more effective than acupuncture with TDP or western medicine or acupoint-injection treatment. Conclusions : The evidence suggests that warming acupuncture is more effective for musculoskeletal pain diseases than manual acupuncture, acupuncture with TDP, western medicine and acupoint-injection treatment. But the evidence is moderate to inclusive due to the low methodologic quality of the trials. Further clinical trials with high methodologic quality is required to investigate the effectiveness of warming acupuncture.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.591-595
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• 2010

Conventional methods of model evaluation usually rely only on model performance based on a comparison of simulated variables to corresponding observations. However, this type of model evaluation has been criticized because of its insufficient consideration of the various uncertainty sources involved in modeling processes. This study aims to propose an extended model evaluation method using multiple assesment indices (MAIs) that consider not only the model performance but also the model structure and parameter uncertainties in rainfall-runoff modeling. A simple reservoir model (SFM) and distributed kinematic wave models (KWMSS1 and KWMSS2 using topography from 250m, 500m, and 1km digital elevation models) were developed and assessed by three MAIs for model performance, model structural stability, and parameter identifiability. All the models provided acceptable performance in terms of a global response, but the simpler SFM and KWMSS1 could not accurately represent the local behaviors of hydrographs. In addition, SFM and KWMSS1 were structurally unstable; their performance was sensitive to the applied objective functions. On the other hand, the most sophisticated model, KWMSS2, performed well, satisfying both global and local behaviors. KMSS2 also showed good structural stability, reproducing hydrographs regardless of the applied objective functions; however, superior parameter identifiability was not guaranteed. Numerous parameter sets could lead to indistinguishable hydrographs. This result supports that while making a model complex increases its performance accuracy and reduces its structural uncertainty, the model is likely to suffer from parameter uncertainty. The proposed model evaluation process can provide an effective guideline for identifying a reliable hydrologic model.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.41-60
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• 1994

The objective of this paper is to verify clinical effects of Lyu's Soyosan(柳氏逍遙散) and Lyu's Kwipithang(柳氏歸脾湯). They were prescribed to the enperimental student group suffering from mental stress and annoyed by psychological instability. From the biochemical examination before and after medication, we measure the amount of hormonal variation in thyroid hormone(TSH, $T_4$) and adrenocortical hormone(ACTH, cortisol) The results are as follows. 1. The average of self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) in test group is $41.00\;{\pm}\;7.84$. This value is statistical significant and higher than one of normal person(age 20-39). The average of a global assesment of recent stress(GARS) scale is $28.62\;{\pm}9.00$. There is statistical correlation coefficient between SAS and GARS (p < 0.001). 2. Both Lyu's Soyosan(柳氏逍遙散) and Lyu.s Kwipithang (柳氏歸脾湯) groups show statistically significant reduction of total cholesterol and triglyceride level in serum lipid after ten day medication. 3. It is observed that Lyu's Soyisan(柳氏逍遙散) and Luy's Kwipithang (柳氏歸脾湯) groups have increasing tendency of TSH. The statistically significant reduction of $T_4$ was found in two groups after ten day medicaton. 4. It is observed that Lyu's Soyosan(柳氏逍遙散) and Lyu's kwipithang (柳氏歸脾湯) group have statistically significant reduction of serum cortisol level after ten day medication, Both groups have statistically significant reduction of plasma ACTH level after twenty day medication. From these results, it is verified that both Lyu's Soyosan(柳氏逍遙散) and Lyu's Kwipithang (柳氏歸脾湯) have anti-stress effects against psychological instability and mental stress. The Lyu's Soyosn(柳氏逍遙散) shows special effectiveness in depression of liver-energy(肝氣鬱結) and the Lyu's Kwipitang (柳氏歸脾湯) is also effective in deficiency heart-blood(心血不足).

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.43-55
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• 2012

Bicycle is an environment-friendly transport mode contributing to a more sustainable transportation systems. To innovatively increase the use of bicycle as a significant transport mode, bicycle-friendly roadway environment should be provided. This study proposes a method to evaluate cycling environment based on the analysis of data collected from an specially equipped probe bicycle. The inertial measurement unit(IMU) consisting of a gyro sensor, accelerometer, and a global positioning systems(GPS) receiver was installed on the probe bicycle. Cycling stability index(CSI) and bicycle speed data were used as inputs of the proposed evaluation framework adopting the Fault Tree Analysis, which is a well-known technique for the risk analysis. The outcomes of this study will serve as an intelligent assesment tool for cycling environment.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.126-138
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• 1995

For investigating a disease specific psychological mechanism in various dermatological disorders, we tried to explore the difference in correlation among stress perception, locus of control as a coping strategy, depressive symptoms and pruritic symptoms in the patients with psychological pruritis and chronic urticaria. The subjects were composed of 32 patients with psychol-ogical pruritis and 67 patients with chronic urticaria(subject group), and 25 patients with organic pruritis and 59 patient with major depression(control group). Global assesment of recent stress scale(GARS), I-E locus of control scale, Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and medical college of wisconsin center pain follow up questionnaire were used for assesement. The results were as follows: 1) There were a significant positive correlation between stress perception and depressive symptom in patients with psychological pruritis, chronic urticaria, and major depression but not hi organic pruritis. 2) In relationship between locus of control and depressive symptom, patients with psychological pruritis, organic pruritis, and major depression except chronic ruticaria showed a significant negative correlation. 3) For intensity and pattern of pruritis, there were positive relations with depressive symptom and stress perception only in patients with chronic urticaria. Above results indicate that stress perception and locus of contorl may play a significant role in the formation of psychological and dermatological symptoms in psychological pruitis and chronic urticaria. But the mechanisms of these processes are different in either disorder.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2014

To quantitatively evaluate the influence of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) as a supplementary cementitious material on the life-cycle environmental impact of concrete, a comprehensive database including 3395 laboratory mixes and 1263 plant mixes was analyzed. The life-cycle assesment studied for the environmental impact of concrete can be summarized as follows: 1) the system boundary considered was from cradle to pre-construction; 2) Korea life-cycle inventories were primarily used to assess the environmental loads in each phase of materials, transportation and production of concrete; and 3) the environmental loads were quantitatively converted into environmental impact indicators through categorization, characterization, normalization and weighting process. The life-cycle environmental impacts of concrete could be classified into three categories including global warming, photochemical oxidant creation and abiotic resource depletion. Furthermore, these environmental impacts of concrete was significantly governed by the unit content of ordinary portland cement (OPC) and decreased with the increase of the replacement level of GGBS. As a result, simple equations to assess the environmental impact indicators could be formulated as a function of the unit content of binder and replacement level of GGBS.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2013

The increase of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) emission is known as one of the major causes of global warming, and it has a strong influence on the global environment. Therefore many researchers and politicians have tried to regulate the $CO_2$ emission. In regards to the matter, the IMPACT (Inclusive Marine Pressure Assesment and Classification Technology) committee under the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers (JASNAOE) has developed an inclusive environmental impact assessment index, so-called "Triple I(III)", in order to assess the environmental impact including economic factors due to the artificial development of marine. In this study, III was applied to compare between the environmental impact of $CO_2$ emitted by container vessels during their life-cycle period and economic benefit due to their operating. Furthermore, III was also applied to assess the comprehensive environmental impact for the cases with various capacities of container vessels and different sailing route. From the results, the case for shortening of the sailing route is more effective to get the advantageous assessment results of III than the case for varying the size of vessels.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.87-101
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• 2012

In gas industries, the potential risks of serious accidents have been increased due to high technology application and process complexities. Especially, in case of gas-related accidents, the extent of demage is out of control since gas plants handle and produce combustible, flammable, explosive and toxic materials in large amounts. The characteristics of this kind of disaster is that accident frequency is low, while the impact of damage is high, extending to the neighboring residents, environment and related industries as well as employees involved. The hydrogen gases treated important things and it used the basic material of chemical plants and industries. Since 2000, this gas stood in the spotlight the substitution energy for reduction of the global warming in particular however it need to compress high pressure(more than 150 bar.g) and store by using the special cylinders due to their low molecular weight. And this gas led to many times the fire and explosion due to leak of it. To reduce these kinds of risks and accidents, it is necessary to improve the new safety management system through a risk management after technically evaluating potential hazards in this process. This study is to carry out the quantitative risk assesment for hydrogen filling plant which are very dangerous(fire and explosive) and using a basic materials of general industries. As a results of this risk assessment, identified the elements important for safety(EIS) and suggested the practical management tools and verified the reliability of this risk assessment model through case study of accident.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 2020

The Noah 3.3 Land Surface Model (LSM) was used to estimate the global soil moisture in this study and these soil moisture datasets were assessed against satellite-based and reanalysis soil moisture products. The Noah 3.3 LSM simulated soil moistures in four soil layers and root-zone soil moistures defined as a depth-weighted average in the first three soil layers (i.e., up to 1.0 m deep). The Noah LSM soil moisture products were then compared with a satellite-based soil moisture dataset (European Space Agency Climate Change Initiatives (ESA CCI) SM v04.4) and reanalysis soil moisture datasets (ERA-interim). In addition, the five major basins (Yangtze, Mekong, Mississippi, Murray-Darling, Amazon) were selected for the assesment with the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)-based Total Water Storage Anomaly (TWSA) and TWS Change (TWSC). The results revealed that high anomaly correlations were found in most of the Asia-Pacific regions including East Asia, South Asia, Australia, and Noth and South America. While the anomaly correlations in the Murray-Darling basin were somewhat low, relatively higher anomaly correlations in the other basins were found. It is concluded that this study can be useful for the development of soil moisture based drought indices and subsequently can be helpful to reduce damages from drought by timely providing an efficacious strategy.