• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.5007-5010
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• 2012

Objective: We conducted a prospective study to test the association between three amino acid substitution polymorphismic variants of DNA repair genes, XRCC1 (Arg194Trp), XRCC1(Arg280His) and XRCC1 (Arg399Gln), and clinical outcome of ovarian cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: 195 patients with primary advanced ovarian cancer and treated by adjuvant chemotherapy were included in our study. All were followed-up from Jan. 2007 to Jan. 2012. Genotyping of XRCC1 polymorphisms was conducted by TaqMan Gene Expression assays. Results: The XRCC1 194 Trp/Trp genotype conferred a significant risk of death from ovarian cancer when compared with Arg/Arg (HR=1.56, 95%CI=1.04-3.15). Similarly, those carrying the XRCC1 399 Gln/Gln genotype had a increased risk of death as compared to the XRCC1 399Arg/Arg genotype with an HR (95% CI) of 1.98 (1.09-3.93). Conclusion: This study is the first to provide evidence that XRCC1 gene polymorphisms would well be useful as surrogate markers of clinical outcome in ovarian cancer cases undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5871-5876
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• 2013

Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) occurring in Toll-like receptors (TLRs) may contribute to cancer risk. Many polymorphisms of TLR2 have been studied for associations, but the findings are conflicting. Methodology/Principal Findings: We performed a meta-analysis of 14 studies to confirm the association between TLR2+597T>C (rs3804099), +1350C>T (rs3804100) and Arg753Gln (rs5743708) polymorphisms and cancer risk. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to assess the strength of associations. There was no significant association between TLR2+597T>C and cancer risk in the codominant models (CC vs. TT: OR = 1.01, 95%CI = 0.86-1.17, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.148$; CT vs. TT: OR = 0.92, 95%CI = 0.69-1.23, $P_{heterogeneity}$ < 0.001), the recessive model (CC vs. CT+TT: OR = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.67-1.10, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.007$), the dominant model (CC+CT vs. TT: OR = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.76-1.15, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.001$) and the allele model (C vs. T: OR =0.93, 95%CI = 0.81-1.08, $P_{heterogeneity}=0.019$). Similarly, no significant associations between TLR2+1350C>T, Arg753Gln polymorphisms and cancer risk were found. However, in the sub-group analysis of ethnicities, the trend of pooled ORs in Asians was opposite to Caucasians. Conclusions: The present meta-analysis suggests that TLR2+597T>C (rs3804099), +1350C>T (rs3804100) and Arg753Gln (rs5743708) polymorphisms are not associated with cancer risk.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup3
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• pp.323-335
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• 2016

Breast cancer risk assessment has developed during years and evaluation of genetic factor affecting risk of breast cancer is an important component of this risk assessment. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the role of XRCC1 polymorphisms (Arg194Trp, Arg280His and Arg399Gln) in risk of breast cancer among different population and categories of menopausal status.PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and PubMed Central were systematically searched to identify studies evaluating association between breast cancer and XRCC1 gene polymorphisms (Arg194Trp, Arg280His and Arg399Gln). Two authors independently extracted required information. Odds Ratios were pooled for four genetic inheritance models using both fixed and the DerSimonian and Laird random-effect models. Egger's test and contour-enhanced funnel plot was used to evaluate publication bias and small study effect. Additional subgroup analysis was performed for menopausal status, ethnicity, and source of controls. After evaluation and applying inclusion criteria on extracted studies, fifty three studies were included in this meta-analysis. For polymorphisms of Arg194Trp and Arg280His, no significant association was observed in all genetic models. Arg194Trp had a protective effect in post-menopausal status only in homozygote model (OR=0.57 [0.37-0.88]). Arg399Gln showed significant association with breast cancer in homozygote (OR=1.21 [1.10-1.34]), dominant (OR=1.09 [1.03-1.15]) and recessive (OR=1.21 [1.09- 1.35]) genetic models. Arg399Gln was associated with higher risk in post-menopausal status for homozygote and heterozygote models. Our findings suggest that XRCC1 gene polymorphisms modify breast cancer risk in different populations and different categories of menopausal status.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.258-263
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• 2000

A fibrinolytic enzyme was purified to homogeneity from Bacillus sp. S19 using DEAE and CM column chromatograhies, and gel filtration with a recovery yield of 13%. Its molecular mass was estimated to be 42 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The pH and temperature optima were 8.0 and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme was stable up to $45^{\circ}C$ and over a pH range of 6-9. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was determined as Alsa-Gln-Asp-Ala-Thr-Val-Asn-Ile-Ser-Ala-Glu-Arg-Gln-Val-Ile. The fibrinolytic activity was increased by $Cu^{2+}$ while it was strongly inhibited by metal ions such as $Cd^{2+}$ and $Ba^{2+}$ . In addition, the enzyme was inhibited by EDTA, but not by PMSF, suggesting that it is a metallorprotease.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 2007

In order to utilize different nitrogen sources and to survive in a situation of nitrogen limitation, microorganisms have developed sophisticated mechanisms to adapt their metabolism to a changing nitrogen supply. In this communication, the recent knowledge of nitrogen regulation in the amino acid producer Corynebacterium glutamicum is summarized. The core adaptations of C. glutamicum to nitrogen limitation on the level of transcription are controlled by the global regulator AmtR. Further components of the signal pathway are GlnK, a $P_{II}-type$ signal transduction protein, and GlnD. Mechanisms involved in nitrogen control in C. glutamicum regulating gene expression and protein activity are repression of transcription, protein-complex formation, protein modification by adenylylation, change of intracellular localization, and proteolysis.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.192-197
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• 1999

marine bacterium Pseudomonas sp. CHCS-2 produced the biosurfactant in the culture broth which contained 2%(w/v) arabian light crude oil and the productivity of biosurfactant was increased with the addition of glucose. The crude oil in the culture broth was degraded by this strain and carbon chain of $_nC_{12}~_nC_{22}$ was completely degradaded during the incubation for 196 h. The crude biosurfactant was purified by Amberlite XAD-7, Sepharose CL-4B and DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. Therefore, 0.21g/L of the purified biosurfactnat was obtained. The purified biosurfactant was a type of lipoprotein and the molecular weight was estimated as 67kDa by SDS-PAGE. The lipid composition was identified as octadecanoic acid by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. And then, the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the protein was determined as Ser-Val-lle-Asn-Thr-lle-X-Met-lle-Gly-Gln-Gln- and the sequence did not show homology to any other known lipoprotein. Therefore, the purified lopoprotein was predicted novel biosurfactant.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 1991

- The purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of various substrates on biosynthesis of ethylene by the Kudzu strain of Pseudomonas syn'ngae pv. Phaseolicola causing halo blight. In the intact cell of P. sym'ngue, optimal condition for ethylene production was achieved at p1-I 7.5 and $30^{\circ}C$ for 9 to 10 hours of culture. Ethylene was most effectively produced from amino acids such as Asn, Gln, Asp ans Glu, compared to those of various kinds of sugars. While ethylene production from $\alpha$-ketoglutarate ($\alpha$-KG) was gradually increased throughout 51 hours incubation period tested. Ethylene production derived from citrate, $\alpha$-KG and oxalacetate as well as a few amino acids was further enhanced by the addition of histidine or arginine. In cell-free ethylene-forming system, ethylene was most effectively produced from $\alpha$-KG, compared to those from citrate, oxalacetate, Glu, Arg, or Asp, at 0.5 mM among the range from 0.25 mM to 5 mM. Anlinooxyacetate, an inhibitor of a pyridoxal phosphate-linked enzyme, completely inhibited ethylene evolution derived from Glu but not affect that derived from $\alpha$-KG. The results obtained in this work suggest that $\alpha$-KG might be a direct precursor of ethylene production in this organism than any other substrates tested.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.218.1-218
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.78-84
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• 2017

Pseudin is a naturally occurring 24 amino-acid-residue antimicrobial peptide derived from the skin of paradoxical frog Pseud's paradoxa. It shows potency against the bacteria and antibiotic-resistant bacteria strain, but has high cytotoxicity against mammalian cell. In our previous study, substitution of $Pro^{11}$ for Gly (Ps-P) increased bacterial cell selectivity but decreased the antibacterial activity of pseudin. In this study, we designed pseudin analogue, Ps-4K-P with increased cationicity up to +7 in Ps-P by substituting Glu14, Gln10, Gln24, and Leu18 with Lys. Ps-4K-P showed improved potent antibacterial activity with high bacterial cell selectivity. We determined the tertiary structure of Ps-4K-P in the presence of DPC micelles by NMR spectroscopy and it has a hinge structure at $Pro^{11}$ followed by three turn helices from $Pro^{11}$ to $Val^{23}$ at the C-terminus. Amphipathicity with increased cationicity as well as helix-hinge-helix structural motif provided by introduction of a Pro at position $Gly^{11}$ are the crucial factors which confer antibacterial activity with bacterial cell selectivity to Ps-4K-P.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.433-439
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• 2006

Purpose: DNA in most cell is regularly damaged by endogenous and exogenous mutagens. Unrepaired damage resulted in apoptosis or may lead to unregulated cell growth and cancer. Inheritance of genetic variants at one or more loci results in an reduced DNA repair capacity. These polymorphisms are highly prevalent in the population, and therefore the attributable risks for cancer could be high. Several studies have documented that polymorphisms of XRCC1, XPD and XRCC3 are associated with skin cancer, especially, XRCC1 among of them has been reported frequently. So, this study involves the relationship between mutation of XRCC1 of squamous cell and basal cell cancer of the skin and risk of cancer development in Korean population. Methods: In case control study, study population (n=100, each cancer) is patients who were pathologically diagnosed as skin cancer(squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma) in Yonsei Wonju Christian Hospital and Bundang CHA General Hospital between 1998 and 2004. The samples of DNA from whom no history of premalignant skin lesion and other malignant diseases were reported belonged to the control group(n=210). Blood and tissue samples were analyzed for presence of XRCC1 Arg399Glu, Arg280His, Arg194Trp using PCR/ RFLP method. Results: For Korean, there was a significant correlation between XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene mutation and risk of basal cell carcinoma development(Arg 399Gln(GA), p=0.012, OR=2.016, 95% CI; 1.230-3.305) /Arg399Gln (AA), p=0.011, OR=1.864, 95% CI; 1.149-3.026)). And, there was also significant correlation between XRCC1 Arg194Trp and risk of skin squamous cell carcinoma development (Arg194Trp (CT+TT), p=0.041, OR=0.537, 95% CI; 0.301-0.960)). In contrast, there was no significant correlation between XRCC1 Arg280His and risk of either basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma development. Conclusions: Our result present that XRCC1 Arg399 Gln in basal cell carcinoma and XRCC1 Arg194Trp in squamous cell carcinoma have possibility of cancer risk and biomarker in Korean population. But XRCC1 Arg280 His known having cancer risk on other studies is not associated with cancer risk to squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma in Korean population.