• 제목/요약/키워드: ginseng cultivation region

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조선 최초의 가삼 재배지에 대하여 (The first region of ginseng cultivation in the Joseon dynasty)

  • 고승태
    • 인삼문화
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    • 제2권
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    • pp.17-26
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    • 2020
  • 인삼은 예로부터 연명(延命)의 약물로 분류된 상약(上藥)의 하나로 자리를 잡고 지닌 약성에 따라 만병통치약으로 사용되었으며, 특수계급만을 대상으로 하였던 인삼 수요가 다른 계층으로 확대되면서 그 수요가 급증하게 되었다. 이에 따라 무분별한 채취로 멸절(滅絶)되어 채취하기가 어렵게 되어 자연산 인삼으로는 공급의 한계에 이르게 되자, 인삼 공급 방법은 힘든 자연산 인삼의 채취보다는 가성비 높은 가삼 재배 쪽으로 이동하게 되었다. 인삼종주국인 우리나라의 가삼 재배 시기에 관해서는 연구가 이루어지고 있으나, 첫 재배지에 관한 연구는 아직 보고되지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 가삼 재배 관련 자료의 정리를 통하여 우리나라 최초의 가삼 재배지에 관한 정리와 고찰을 하였으며, 여기에 인용된 사료는 조선왕조실록, 임원십육지, 오주연문장전산고, 중경지, 증보문헌비고, 인삼사 등이다. 정리와 고찰의 결과, 조선 시대 최초의 가삼 재배지는 영남지역으로 특히, 풍기면(현재의 경북 영주시 풍기읍)으로 추측된다.

Comparing eight types of ginsenosides in ginseng of different plant ages and regions using RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS

  • Dai, Yu-Lin;Qiao, Meng-Dan;Yu, Peng;Zheng, Fei;Yue, Hao;Liu, Shu-Ying
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제44권2호
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    • pp.205-214
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    • 2020
  • Background: This article aims to compare and analyze the contents of ginsenosides in ginseng of different plant ages from different localities in China. Methods: In this study, 77 fresh ginseng samples aged 2-4 years were collected from 13 different cultivation regions in China. The content of eight ginsenosides (Rg3, Rc, Rg1, Rf, Rb2, Rb1, Re, and Rd) was determined using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS) to comparatively evaluate the influences of cultivation region and age. Results: Ginsenoside contents differed significantly depending on age and cultivation region. The contents of ginsenosides Re, Rc, Rg1, Rg3, and Rf increased with cultivation age, whereas that of ginsenoside Rb1 peaked in the third year of cultivation. Moreover, the highest ginsenoside content was obtained from Changbai (19.36 mg/g) whereas the lowest content was obtained from Jidong (12.05 mg/g). Ginseng from Jilin Province contained greater total ginsenosides and was richer in ginsenoside Re than ginseng of the same age group in Heilongjiang and Liaoning provinces, where Rb1 and Rg1 contents were relatively high. Conclusion: In this study, RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS was used to analyze ginsenoside contents in 77 ginseng samples aged 2-4 years from different cultivation regions. These patterns of variation in ginsenoside content, which depend on harvesting location and age, could be useful for interested parties to choose ginseng products according to their needs.

The Adaptation of Ginseng Production of Semi-arid Environments The Example of British Columbia, Canada

  • Bailey, W.G.
    • 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 고려인삼학회 1990년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Korean Ginseng, 1990, Seoul, Korea
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    • pp.155-167
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    • 1990
  • Ginseng Is renowned for both its medicinal and herbal uses and successful cultivation of Panax ginseng in Asia and Panax quinquefolium in North America has until recently taken place in the native geographical ranges of the plants. As a consequence of the potential high capital return and anticipated increases in consumer consumption, commercial cultivation of American ginseng now occurs well outside the native range of the plant in North America. In fact, the region of greatest expansion of cultivation is in the semi-arid interior region of British Columbia, Canada. Linked with this expansion is the potential domination of the ginseng industry by agricultural corporations. In the interior of British Columbia, the native deciduous forest environment of eastern North America is simulated with elevated polypropylene shade and a surface covering of straw mulch. The architecture of these environments is designed to permit maximum machinery usage and to minimize labor requirements. Further, with only a four- years growth cycle, plant densities in the gardens are high. In this hot, semi-arid environment, producers believe they have a competitive advantage over other regions in North America because of the low precipitation rates. This helps to minimize atmospheric humidity such that the conditions for fungal disease development are reduced. If soil moisture level become limited, supplemental water can be provided by irrigation. The nature of the radiation and energy balance regimes of the shade and many environments promotes high soil moisture levels. Also, the modified environment redlines soil heating. This can result in an aerial environment for the plant that is stressful and a rooting zone environment that is suloptimal. The challenge of further refining the man modified environment for enhanced plant growth and health still remains. Keywords Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, cultivation, ginseng production.

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강우량이 극히 적은 여건에서의 인삼재배의 순응 : 캐나다 브리티쉬 콜롬비아의 실례 (The Adaptation of Ginseng Production of Semi-arid Environments : The Example of British Columbia, Canada)

  • Bailey, W.G.
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.297-309
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    • 1990
  • Ginseng is renowned for both its medicinal and herbal uses and successful cultivation of Panax ginseng in Asia and Panax Vtiinvtiefolilim in North America has until recently taken place in the native geographical ranges of the plants. As a consequence of the potential high capital return and anticipated increases in consumer consumption, commercial cultivation of American ginseng now occurs well outside the native range of the plant in North America. In fact, the region of greatest expansion of cultivation is in the semi-arid interior region of British Columbia, Canada. Linked with this expansion is the potential domination of the ginseng industry by agricultural corporations. In the interior of British Columbia, the native decidous forest environment of eastern North America is simulated with elevated polypropylene shade and a sllrface covering of straw mulch. The architecture of these environments is designed to permit maximillm machinery useage and to minimize labour requirements. Further, with only a four-year growth cycle, plant densities in the gardens are high. In this hot, semiarid environment, producers believe they have a competitive advantage over other regions in North America because of the low precipitation rates. This helps to minimize atmospheric humidity such that the conditions for fungal disease development are reduced. If soil moisture levels become limited, supplemental water can be provided by irrigation. The nature of the radiation and energy balance regimes of the shade and much environment promotes high soil moistilre levels. Also, the modified environment reduces soil heating. This can result in an aerial environment for the plant that is stressful and a rooting zone environment that is sub-optimal. The challenge of further refining the man modified environment for enhanced plant growth and health still remains.

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산양삼 재배지의 입지, 토양 및 재배특성 분석 (An Analysis on Site, Soil and Cultivation Characteristics of Korean Mountain Cultivated Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Field)

  • 권수덕;강정희;윤준혁;문현식
    • 농업생명과학연구
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    • 제45권6호
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    • pp.81-88
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    • 2011
  • 산양삼 재배를 위한 기초자료를 제공할 목적으로 9개도 18 재배지를 대상으로 입지환경, 토양환경, 생육과정, 재배방법과 시기를 조사 분석하였다. 산양삼 재배 입지환경은 활엽수림, IV영급 기준 ha당 잔존본수 500~1,000본, 해발 500 m 미만, 경사 $25^{\circ}$ 이하, 재배사면은 북, 북동, 동, 북서방향에서 주로 재배되는 것으로 나타났다. 토양은 유기물함량 3.43~24.07%, pH 3.8~5.7, 토성은 사토~사양 토로 재배지 간에 많은 차이를 나타내었다. 생육과정은 발순, 개엽, 개화, 결실, 홍숙, 낙과, 낙엽까지 조사되어 평균 98일의 생육기간이 소요되었다. 재배방법은 파종과 이식 형태로 증식되고 있었으며, 파종은 개갑처리(발아촉진처리)와 직파형태로 파종하고 있으며 각각 70%, 30%로 처리되는 것으로 나타났다.

C/N/O/S stable isotopic and chemometric analyses for determining the geographical origin of Panax ginseng cultivated in Korea

  • Chung, Ill-Min;Kim, Jae-Kwang;Lee, Ji-Hee;An, Min-Jeong;Lee, Kyoung-Jin;Park, Sung-Kyu;Kim, Jang-Uk;Kim, Mi-Jung;Kim, Seung-Hyun
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제42권4호
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    • pp.485-495
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    • 2018
  • Background: The geographical origin of Panax ginseng Meyer, a valuable medicinal plant, is important to both ginseng producers and consumers in the context of economic profit and human health benefits. We, therefore, aimed to discriminate between the cultivation regions of ginseng using the stable isotope ratios of C, N, O, and S, which are abundant bioelements in living organisms. Methods: Six Korean ginseng cultivars (3-yr-old roots) were collected from five different regions in Korea. The C, N, O, and S stable isotope ratios in ginseng roots were measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry, and then these isotope ratio profiles were statistically analyzed using chemometrics. Results: The various isotope ratios found in P. ginseng roots were significantly influenced by region, cultivar, and the interactions between these two factors ($p{\leq}0.001$). The variation in ${\delta}^{15}N$ and ${\delta}^{13}C$ in ginseng roots was significant for discriminating between different ginseng cultivation regions, and ${\delta}^{18}O$ and ${\delta}^{34}S$ were also affected by both altitude and proximity to coastal areas. Chemometric model results tested in this study provided discrimination between the majority of different cultivation regions. Based on the external validation, this chemometric model also showed good model performance ($R^2=0.853$ and $Q^2=0.738$). Conclusion: Our case study elucidates the variation of C, N, O, and S stable isotope ratios in ginseng root depending on cultivation region. Hence, the analysis of stable isotope ratios is a suitable tool for discrimination between the regional origins of ginseng samples from Korea, with potential application to other countries.

Bacterial endophytes from ginseng and their biotechnological application

  • Chu, Luan Luong;Bae, Hanhong
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제46권1호
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2022
  • Ginseng has been well-known as a medicinal plant for thousands of years. Bacterial endophytes ubiquitously colonize the inside tissues of ginseng without any disease symptoms. The identification of bacterial endophytes is conducted through either the internal transcribed spacer region combined with ribosomal sequences or metagenomics. Bacterial endophyte communities differ in their diversity and composition profile, depending on the geographical location, cultivation condition, and tissue, age, and species of ginseng. Bacterial endophytes have a significant effect on the growth of ginseng through indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophore production, phosphate solubilization, and nitrogen fixation. Moreover, bacterial endophytes can protect ginseng by acting as biocontrol agents. Interestingly, bacterial endophytes isolated from Panax species have the potential to produce ginsenosides and bioactive metabolites, which can be used in the production of food and medicine. The ability of bacterial endophytes to transform major ginsenosides into minor ginsenosides using β-glucosidase is gaining increasing attention as a promising biotechnology. Recently, metabolic engineering has accelerated the possibilities for potential applications of bacterial endophytes in producing beneficial secondary metabolites.

강화 지역의 인삼 재배 역사 (The history of ginseng cultivation in Ganghwa area)

  • 이성동
    • 인삼문화
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    • 제2권
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    • pp.9-16
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    • 2020
  • 우리나라 한방 의서 중 인삼의 첫 기록은 고려 시대 임시 수도인 강화 도읍기 때 강화도에서 출간된 향약구급방에 나타나 있다. 강화지역에서 인삼재배의 시작은 1100년경부터 시작되었을 것으로 사료 된다. 본격적인 인삼재배 시작은 1920년경 개성인삼조합의 특별구역으로 지정되면서부터였고, 1950년 한국전쟁 시작 때까지 계속되었다. 1953년 휴전 이후부터 강화지역에서 인삼재배가 다시 시작되었다. 1967년에 강화삼업조합이 창립되었으며, 이때 재배 면적이 약 200ha(60만평)이었고, 1974년에 약 900ha(270만평)으로 증가 되었다. 따라서 강화는 1970년대 중반기에 우리나라 전국 시, 군 가운데 인삼재배 면적과 생산량이 가장 높은 지역이였다. 강화지역에서 생산되는 인삼은 주로 6년근이고, 홍삼원료로 사용되어 국내 인삼생산지로 더욱 유명하게 되었고, 그 명성이 현재도 계속되고 있다.

북한의 인삼 산업 현황과 연구 동향 (Current Status and Trends of the Ginseng Industry and Research in North Korea)

  • 주승재
    • 인삼문화
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    • 제6권
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    • pp.80-104
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    • 2024
  • 인삼은 우리나라를 대표하는 약용작물로 남한뿐만 아니라 북한에서도 매우 중요하게 취급되고 있다. 그러나 북한에 대한 정보 접근이 어렵기 때문에 실제 북한에서 인삼의 재배, 연구와 개발 동향, 관련 산업 현황에 대해서는 잘 알려지지 않고 있다. 본 논문에서는 비록 제한적이긴 하나 구할 수 있는 서지 자료를 통해 북한에서의 인삼 산업 현황과 연구 동향을 파악하고자 하였다. 북한약전에는 인삼이 "고려인삼"으로 수재되어 있으며 '개성지방에서 재배한 6년생 인삼의 뿌리'로 정의하고 있다. 또한 북한약전에는 22종의 인삼제제가 수재되어 있다. 북한에서는 필수약품(2002) 중 건위소화약, 지사약, 보약 등 10개 약품에 인삼이 들어가고, 그 외에도 다양한 건강보조식품과 화장품, 치약 등이 개발되어 유통·판매되고 있다. 2014년 이후 북한에서 인삼 산업과 연구가 전반적으로 활발해지고 있다. 이때 개성의 인삼재배지역을 대폭 확장하고 설비를 보수하였다. 2016년, 개성고려인삼가공공장을 무균화, 현대화, 무진화된 설비로 정비하여 가동 중이라고 한다. 2017년 이후 품질관리 연구에 관심을 돌려 2019년 품질관리규정과 인증제를 도입하기에 이르렀다. 1990년대에 인삼 제품개발 연구가 많았고 2000년부터 인삼의 약리작용 및 치료·임상연구에 대한 연구가 보고되었다. 또한, 수확량을 높이기 위한 인삼재배와 인삼가공업 관련 연구가 중시되고 있다. 인삼은 우리나라를 대표하는 약용작물이라는 점, 남과 북이 모두 중요시하고 있다는 점, 남과 북이 상호 협력하면 큰 시너지 효과를 얻을 수 있다는 점에서 남북 교류협력에 있어서 매우 적합한 소재이다.