• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.11-27
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, Allantoin, Hinokitiol, Cetylpyridinium chloride containing gel($Dentheth^{(R)}$) on periodontitis. 41 patients with sites having pocket depth of 4-6mm were selected for the study. We classified 2 groups which consisted of 21 patients in the test group(exp.) and 20 patients in the control(placebo) respectively. Following a baseline examination, plaque and calculus were removed and then the experimental gel were handed out to the patients and topical application regimens were initiated. During the 4-week experimental period, pocket depth, bleeding on probing, gingival index, plaque index as a clinical parameters were measured in the baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks respectively. A questionnaire was delivered to each patients in 2 weeks, 4 weeks respectively. The results were as follows : 1. Probing pocket depth showed a significant difference in the Exp. group compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups in the changes from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks(p<0.05). 2. The Exp. group showed a significant difference compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks, from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks in bleeding on probing(p<0.05). 3. The gingival index showed a significant difference compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks, from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks after 4 weeks use of a gel(p<0.05). 4. The plaque index showed a significant difference in the Exp. group compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups in the changes from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks(p<0.05). 5. A questionnaire was consisted of 5 kinds as to bleeding, pus discharge, pain, burning sensation, patient's satisfaction and all of the questions showed a significant difference compared with the control group in the changes from 2 weeks to 4 weeks(p<0.05). 6. During the 4-week experimental period, important side-effects were not finded out, but each groups had one patient appealed nausea or discomfort respectively. These results indicate that application of periodontitis medical gel was useful as an additional aid of mechanical treatment.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.263-275
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed analysis of Halitosis components following by subjective cognition of halitosis and Oral State in order to provide basic data for halitosis prevention and establish a device to efficiently eliminate halitosis and analyze the factors that affect the halitosis. Methods : 80 adults were participated who visited at the Dental Clinic in Kyoung-gi do, on the period of the March to September in 2010. The obtained results, through the oral examination, halitosis check and interview, Individually, were as followings. Results : According to the ammonia level was a high relationship between sex, CPI, Tongue plaque, DMFT index which were statistically significant (p<0.05). Total oral gas level was a relationship between VAS, tongue plaque, DMFT index(p<0.05). The Correlation coefficient between the Hydrogen sulfide level and Methyl mercaptan was estimated as r=0.534(p<0.01). As for the multiple regression analysis result, there have been selected dimethyl sulfide and Tongue plaque, Gingival index as factors affecting Bridge, Methyl mercaptan level is as factors affecting Hydrogen sulfide level. Conclusions : There was relationship between the periodontal disease and Ammonia gas component, hydrogen sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, methyl mercaptan. Which were statistically significant total oral gas level and oral variables. Such dental caries as the prevention or early treatment of periodontal disease.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.170-182
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of minocycline-loaded polycaprolactone strip on periodontal disease. Ten patients with probing depth (deeper than 5mm) were tested. Of the two periodontal pockets selected from each patient, one randomly selected pocket was treated by the insertion of 30% minocycline-loaded polycaprolactone sttip as the experimental group and the other with a minocycline-free polycaprolactone strip as the control group. All groups were examined by clinical and microbiological methods. 1. Plaque index scores, gingival index scores and sulcular bleeding index scores in both group were significantly reduced from the baseline to 2 weeks. Plaque index scores of experimental group and sulcular bleeding index scores of control group tended to be progressively reduced in all experimental periods. 2. Probing depth amounts in both group were significantly reduced from 4 weeks to 8 weeks. 3. Attachment loss amounts in both group shows no singnificant differences in time. Attachment loss amounts in experimental group tended to be less than those in control group. 4. The number of cocci in both groups were significantly increased in all experimental periods, but that of the non-motile rods were significantly reduced from 2 weeks in experimental group, and from 4 weeks in control group, that of the motile rods were reduced from 4 weeks in experimental group and from 1 week in control group. The number of spirochetes were reduced from I week during all experimental period in experimental group, but there was no changes in control group.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.325-332
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The aim of this review was to analyze the evaluation criteria on mandibular implant overdentures through a systematic review and suggest standardized evaluation criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A systematic literature search was conducted by PubMed search strategy and hand-searching of relevant journals from included studies considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) and clinical trial studies comparing attachment systems on mandibular implant overdentures until December, 2011 were selected. Twenty nine studies were finally selected and the data about evaluation methods were collected. RESULTS. Evaluation criteria could be classified into 4 groups (implant survival, peri-implant tissue evaluation, prosthetic evaluation, and patient satisfaction). Among 29 studies, 21 studies presented implant survival rate, while any studies reporting implant failure did not present cumulative implant survival rate. Seventeen studies evaluating peri-implant tissue status presented following items as evaluation criteria; marginal bone level (14), plaque Index (13), probing depth (8), bleeding index (8), attachment gingiva level (8), gingival index (6), amount of keratinized gingiva (1). Eighteen studies evaluating prosthetic maintenance and complication also presented following items as evaluation criteria; loose matrix (17), female detachment (15), denture fracture (15), denture relining (14), abutment fracture (14), abutment screw loosening (11), and occlusal adjustment (9). Atypical questionnaire (9), Visual analog scales (VAS) (4), and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) (1) were used as the format of criteria to evaluate patients satisfaction in 14 studies. CONCLUSION. For evaluation of implant overdenture, it is necessary to include cumulative survival rate for implant evaluation. It is suggested that peri-implant tissue evaluation criteria include marginal bone level, plaque index, bleeding index, probing depth, and attached gingiva level. It is also suggested that prosthetic evaluation criteria include loose matrix, female detachment, denture fracture, denture relining, abutment fracture, abutment screw loosening, and occlusal adjustment. Finally standardized criteria like OHIP-EDENT or VAS are required for patient satisfaction.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.411-422
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• 1993

Osseointegrated dental implants are now an accepted part of the prosthetic treatment of fully and partially edentulous patients. Clinical studies have shown that osseointegrated dental implants may successfully be used as abutments for prosthetic rehabilitations, and that the supporting tissue can be kept in a stable and healthy clinical state for prolonged periods of time. The purpose of this study was to look for differences in the distribution in the bacterial morphotypes around natural teeth and osseointegrated dental implants. The subgingival plaque around natural teeth and implants was analysed by means of differential phase-contrast microscopy. In addition, clinical indices used to analyse natural teeth condition were used to compare the condition of natural teeth and implants. The results were as follows : 1. In implants of partially edentulous patients, the plaque index, sulcus bleeding index(P<0.05), pocket depth(P<0.01) were greater than natural teeth. 2. Gingival crevicular fluid volume was not significantly different between natural teeth and implants. 3. In implants of fully edentulous patients, the plaque index was greater than natural teeth(P<0.01) and implants of partially edentulous patients(P<0.05), but sulcus bleeding index was not significantly different. 4. In partially edentulous patient, coccoid cell proportion was greater in implants than natural teeth (P<0.05). 5. In implants of fully edentulous patients, coccid cell proportion was even greater than implants of partially edentulous patients(P<0.05) and natural teeth(P<0.01). 6. Among three groups, the proportions of non-motile rods, motile rods, spirochetes and others were not significantly different. 7. The proportion of motile bacteria was not significantly different among three group.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.737-749
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• 1999

Recently many researches on plaque removal effect and therapeutic effect of toothpaste containing natural medicines are being studied in early periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study is to examine the clinical and microbiological effect of toothpaste containing natural medicines such as camomile, rhatany, myrrh，sage oil, glycyrrhetinic acid and vitamin E. Sixty three subjects with gingivitis were divided into an experimental group which performed normal oral hygiene procedure with toothpaste containing natural medicines and vitamine E and a control group which also performed normal oral hygiene procedure with Syrinmed? toothpaste without containing herbal extracts and vitamine E. At the baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks, subjects were analyzed for clinical study and microbiological study. After 2 weeks and 4 weeks use of their respective toothpastes, statistically significant decreases of gingival index, plaque index, and bleeding index were shown in both the control and the experimental group. The degree of decrease was more significant in the experimental group than the control group. A statistically significant decrease of pocket depth, and gingival crevicular fluid were shown in both the control and lie experimental group. A statistically significant increase of cocci was shown in both the control and the experimental group, the degree of increase was more significant in the experimental group than control group. A statistically significant decrease ofnon-motile rods, and motile rods were shown in both the control and the experimental group, the degree of decrease was more significant in the experimental group than the control group. Spirochetes increased weakly in both the control and the experimental group but a statistic significance was not shown. A statistically significant decrease of anaerobic bacteria, aerobic bacteria, and black pigmented Bacteroides were shown in both the control and the experimental group. These results indicate that the use of toothpaste containing natural medicines is effective in the prevention and the treatment of periodontal diseases.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of dentifrice containing Horseradish (Armoracia rustica) root extracts on improvement of oral hygiene. The clinical evaluation was done participated by 80 adults volunteers who provided a informed consent for their participation. The participants were divided into two groups ; control group (using toothpaste without Horseradish extracts) and experimental group (using toothpaste containing Horseradish extracts). The checklist of the experiment includes the plaque index, gingival index and anti-caries activity. The anti-caries activity was measured by cultivating Streptococcus mutans for 48 hours then estimating the number of increased bacteria using Dentocult SM. The double-blind method was used in this study. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. The plaque formation decreased 28% in control group, 58% in experimental group using dentifrice with Horseradish extracts compared to baseline data. 2. For gingival index, control group and experimental group showed 26% and 40% decrease compared to baseline data, respectively. 3. The score of caries activity test decreased by 4% for control group and 69% for experimental group compared to baseline data. According to the results, a dentifrice containing Horseradish extracts can improve oral hygiene.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.371-378
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of essential oil mouthrinse and interdental brush for oral hygiene in orthodontic patient. 90 patients, with fixed orthodontic appliances, were divided into 3 groups(Group 1: patients who had only used toothbrush, group 2: toothbrush + essential oil mouthrinse, group 3: toothbrush + interdental brush). Then, plaque index(PI) and gingival index(GI) were evaluated at before(T0), 3 weeks after(Tl) and 6 weeks after(T2) the experiment. The present study revealed the following conclusions: (1) There was statistically significant decrease in PI and GI of groups 2 and 3 comparing to those of group 1 during 6 weeks.(p<0.05) (2) There was no significant difference in the level of decrease in PI and GI between group 2 and group 3.(p<0.05) The present study thus implied that use of mechanical or chemical aid such as interdental brush and mouth rinse in addition to toothbrushing may help maintaining oral hygiene in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment for prolonged duration.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.5-16
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• 1987

레이저의 의학적 이용은 고출력 레이저의 외과적 이용과 더불어 많은 진전을 하게 되었다. 근래에는 인체에 손상을 주는 고출력 레이저 외에도 조직의 파괴없이 인체조직에 유용한 효과를 줄 수 있는 저출력 레이저에 대한 연구가 적극적으로 시도되고 있다. 본 연구는 치은염을 가진 13명의 대상에 대해 Split-mouth design으로 대조군 및 실험군을 설정하여 실험군의 치은에 저출력 레이저(Biotherapy dental Laser 3DL)를 격일로 4회 조사한 후 plaque index, pocket depth, sulcus bleeding index, supragingival과 subgingival plaque의 bacterial morphotype의 비율 및 광학현미경을 통한 조직학적 염증 침윤상을 측정 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 레이저 조사후 SBI(p<0.01)는 감소하였으나 PI는 별다른 변화가 없었다. 2) 레이저 조사에 따라 spirochetes(p<0.01)를 포함하여 motiles(p<0.05, p<0.01)은 감소된 반면 nommotiles(p<0.05, p<0.01) 증가하였다. 3) 레이저 조사 치은에서는 염증세포 침윤이 Dental(p<0.05) 및 oral(p<0.01) 양측 모두 감소되었다.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of food impaction and to explore solutions as well. For this study, 39 patients with food impaction were selected. 77 contact areas in these patients were investigated mobility, tightness of contact area, gingival index, plaque index, attachment loss, alveolar bone loss, proximal caries, marginal ridge distance and occlusal relationships. The results were as follows ; 1. Teeth without distal support were found to be the most frequent site of food impaction (41.6%). Food impaction was found to be more frequent in the upper teeth (65.2%) than the lower teeth (33.8%). 2. Food impaction was found in tight contact cases (71.4%). Alveolar bone loss was not found in the early stage of food impaction (83.1%) 3. The distance between the marginal ridges of food impaction sites (mean=0.48mm) was short-er than that of the control group. (mean=0.77mm) (p<0.001) 4. In 18.2% of the cases, proximal carries were found at the food impaction site. 5. Food impaction affected patient's occlusion with the following frequencies, cusp to marginal ridge relationship (72.7%), cusp to fossa relationship (3.9%) and stepped relationship (23.4%).