• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.349-362
• /
• 2014

This study was designed to maximize extract yields of functional components in Angelica gigas Nakai by extrusion process. In addition, the optimizing condition of the extrusion process was established to increase the extraction of the functional components in A. gigas. The total polyphenol was increased by 40% compared to a control. And the optimizing condition was that the screw speed was 62.76 rpm, the amount of A. gigas powder was 34.79 kg/h, and the amount of water was 4.44 kg/h. The result of antioxidant activities of A. gigas extrusion, the inhibition of oxidization had the effect of 10.29 ~ 14.59% compared to a control. The content of decursin and decursinol angelate, which were index components, was 6.37%; it was increased by 16.64% compared to a control (5.31%) and showed a significantly difference (p < 0.05). And the optimizing condition was the screw speed 93.71 rpm, the amount of A. gigas powder was 28.67 kg/h, and the amount of water was 9.9 kg/h.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.72-77
• /
• 2015

To study the efficacy of extract powder of Angelica gigas in preventing and treating degeneration of the articular cartilage in rats with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis, A total of 30 six-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group, untreated group and Angelica gigas treated group, with 10 rats in each group. During the treatment period, body weight were measured in each four days interval from starting date. The rat were sacrificed at the end of 3rd week after daily administration of Angelica gigas and then rat tibia articular cartilage was removed. In articular cartilages, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) amount increased by MIA treatment were reduced while proteoglycan (PG) amount decreased by MIA treatment were fairly recovered by Angelica gigas treatment, respectively. The content of TNF-a was also slightly reduced sections of the cartilage were stained with safranin-0 were also partially recovered by Angelica gigas treatment. By HPLC analysis, the content of main compounds decursin and decursinol angelate was analyzed as $10.5{\pm}0.2%$ of total extracts.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.447-452
• /
• 2009

We cloned the complete complementary DNA (cDNA) of a Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) cytochrome P450 (CYP450)-related protein using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The cDNA included a 1470 bp open reading frame that began with the first ATG codon at position 103 bp and ended with a TAG stop codon at position 1573 bp (GenBank accession EF451959). The sequence had all major functional domains and characteristics of previously characterized CYP450 molecules, including the heme-binding region (FGVGRRRCVG) and putative arginine codon (R) integral to enzymatic function. An NCBI/GenBank database comparison to other CYP450 genes revealed that the deduced C. gigas CYP450 amino acid sequence is similar to that of mouse (Mus musculus) CYP450 2D/II (28%, accession AK078880), rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) CYP450 2D/II (28%, AB008785), and white-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) CYP450 2D (28%, AY082602). Thus, although the C. gigas CYP450 we cloned appears to belong to the 2D type of the CYP450 group, it has low similarity to this type. CYP450 mRNA expression increased over 6 h in C. gigas gills at $30^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$, and then decreased, indicating that CYP450 plays an important role in C. gigas exposed to water temperature changes. This finding can be used as a physiological index for Pacific oysters exposed to changing water temperatures.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.817-823
• /
• 2011

Angelicae gigas Nakai has been used as a traditional medicine as well as an edible vegetable in South Korea. In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidants of A. gigas Nakai leaves were examined in vitro via hydroxyl-radical-scavenging activity, reducing power activity, metal chelating assay, and DPPH-free -radical-scavenging assay. Among all the extracts from A. gigas Nakai leaves, the ethanol extract showed the strongest effects in all of the assays. The $EC_{50}$ values for the DPPH-radical-scavenging activities of ethanol, methanol, and water extracts were 31.47, 42.14, and $58.47{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Among the extracts from A. gigas Kakai leaves, the ethanol extract had the highest levels of total phenolics ($7.84{\pm}1.46$ mg TAN/g) and total flavonoids ($4.23{\pm}0.03$ mg QE/g), which correlated strongly with the individual phenolic-compound (p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillin, and trans-ferulic acid) contents. The ethanol extract also showed stronger antioxidant activity than tocopherol in hydroxyl- radical-scavenging activity assay. These results indicate that the ethanol extract of A. gigas Kakai leaves possesses significant antioxidant properties, which suggests its great potential as a functional-food ingredient in the food industry.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.27 no.8
• /
• pp.919-929
• /
• 2017

This study investigated the biological activities and chemical characteristics of Monascus-fermented Angelica gigas Nakai (A. gigas) with a view to the development of health foods. We also investigated the effect of the cultivation region of three A. gigas cultivars, namely Sancheong, Pyeongchang, and Jecheon. After fermentation, the content of decursin and decursinol angelate was increased compared to non-fermentation; the highest content of decursin and decursinol angelate was found in non-fermentation Pyeongchang A. gigas (PA) at 615.504, 326.742 ppm and fermented Pyeongchang A. gigas (FPA) at 792.610, 429.500 ppm, respectively. The highest content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and minerals was found in the FPA group, in which DPPH (${\alpha},{\alpha}^{\prime}-diphenyl-{\beta}-picrylhydrazyl$) radical scavenging activity and Fe/Cu reducing power were stronger in fermented than in non-fermented A. gigas. The FPA group in particular showed the highest activity. We measured nitric oxide (NO) production from lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells and the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. The inhibition of activity of NO production and cancer cell (MCF-7 and Hep3B) viability was significantly decreased in the FPA group. The results suggest that FPA may be highly useful as a health food. Overall, the study provides basic data for understanding the biological activities and chemical characteristics of A. gigas fermented by Monascus purpureus for the development of health foods.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.287-294
• /
• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this study was to verify the intersexuality of Crassostrea gigas and Ruditapes philippinarum in southern coastal waters of Korea. Methods : Specimens of Crassostrea gigas (n=363) were collected from six areas of Tongyeong, Geoje and Yeosu. Ruditapes philippinarum (n=221) was collected from five areas of Yeosu. The sex ratio and intersexuality were determined after observing gonad preparations. Results : The rate of intersexuality in Crassostrea gigas was 16.25%, with females (24.79%; n=30/121) exhibiting a higher rate than males (11.98%; n=29/242). The rate of intersexuality in Ruditapes philippinarum was 24.43%, with females (37.76%; n=37/98) exhibiting a higher rate than males (13.82%; n=17/123). Conclusions : The results of this study suggest that intersexuality is induced by aquatic pollutants such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs).

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.90-97
• /
• 2009

Changes in the quality characteristics of doenjang prepared with a meju containing components of Acanthopanax senticosus, Angelica gigas and Corni fructus during storage were evaluated. Three types of doenjang produced using each of these components showed lower Hunter's L and a values than the values of the control during the initial stage of storage: however, these values were similar to those of the control after 60 days of storage. Doenjang containing A. gigas showed a similar degree of browning to that of the control during the early stage of storage, while the degree of browning observed in the other samples was much higher than that og the control during this period. Despite these initial differences, the browning in all samples became similar after extended storage. The level of acidity increased gradually for up to 60 days, after which it decreased slightly. The pH of all treatments decreased with storage time. The amino-N contents of all types of doenjang increased gradually, reaching peak values after 60 days. Doenjang with A. senticosus and A. gigas had a strong characteristic flavor that reduced the native flavor of doenjang. Doenjang with C. fructus showed a similar overall palatability to that of the control.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.489-494
• /
• 2010

The nutritional demand of oyster larva (Crassostrea gigas) were investigated to determine the optimal culture conditions and improve micro-algae utilization. Changes in nutrients and shell growth were examined in fed and 96-h (48 h in late umbone stage) oysters at four larval stages. Shell growth increased significantly in D shape larvae, regardless of feeding variations. No growth was observed in starved larvae, except in shell length of umbone (to 11.9 ${\mu}m$). Fed larvae showed significant growth in all development stages (P < 0.05). During starvation, lipids were most significantly decreased in all larval stages (by 76.8%, 68.3%, 76.3%, and 40.3%, respectively), followed by protein (41.1%, 31.1%, 33.1%, 16.7%) and nitrogen-free extracts (40.8%, 24.3%, 36.9%, 20.1%), Gross energy (kcal/g) consumption in each larval stage was 49.6%, 35.1%, 39.1%, and 20.4%, respectively. Our results indicate that lipids are the most important energy source during the early larval development stages of C. gigas.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.85-88
• /
• 2002

Systematic fractionation of Angelica gigas roots led to the isolation of linear coumarins such as decursinol angelate, decursin and nodakenin. These compounds were tested for their effects on rat lens aldose reductase. Nodakenin was demonstrated to exhibit significant inhibition of rat lens aldose reductase activity with $IC_{50}$ value of $7.33\Mu\textrm{M}$.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.58-61
• /
• 2002

Five coumarins and a pyrimidine were isolated from the roots of Angelica gigas. Their structures were elucidated as bergapten (1), decursinol angelate (2), decursin (3), nodakenetin (4), uracil (5) and nodakenin (6) by spectral analysis. Among them, bergapten (1) and uracil (5) were isolated for the first time from this plant part.