• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.249-252
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• 2022

Giardiasis is widespread all over the world, and it is a disease that causes both acute and chronic digestive symptoms. It is zoonotic disease that affects animals and humans. There are few studies on giardiasis in stray cats due to difficulties in catching and sampling. Therefore, this study evaluated the prevalence of giardiasis in stray cats in the Daejeon city because of increasing interest as zoonotic disease. The specimens were the feces of stray cats captured for the neutering project (TNR) in Daejeon; 30 fecal samples were collected from 2021 to 2022 in each of 5 districts in Daejeon. A total of 150 samples were collected. All samples were tested for giardiasis using the Giardia SNAP kit (SNAP^Ⓡ test, IDEXX Laboratories. Inc., Westbrook, ME). The overall prevalence rate was 46 out of 150 cats (30.7%). By age, 25 out of 71 juvenile cats (35.2%) were positive, and 21 out of 79 adult cats (26.6%) were positive. A total of 19 out of 69 cats (27.5%) with diarrhea were positive, and 27 out of 81 asymptomatic cats (33.3%) were positive. For gender, 38 out of 99 females (38.4%) were positive, and 8 out of 51 males (15.7%) were positive. The positive rate of giardiasis in stray cats was over 30%, which is high compared to other research results. It is necessary to increase the public's awareness of the value of deworming stray cats and the sanitation of people who have come into contact with them.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2021

This study was performed to identify the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in diarrhea feces of Korean native calves raised in Gimje, Jeollabuk-do, with a rapid diagnostic kit. The prevalence of both diseases were classified according to the age of calf, season of sampling period, and sampled farm where diarrheic calf is commonly observed. In diarrhea feces of 431 calves, cryptosporidiosis had a high incidence rate between 1 and 3 weeks of age, whereas giardiasis showed a high incidence between 4 and 6 weeks of age. It is thought that the incidence of protozoan diseases is markedly influenced by the calf's postnatal age. Regarding with the sampling season, the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in calves was significantly higher in spring and summer than in autumn and winter (P<0.05). Among the sampled farms where both diseases are commonly observed, cryptosporidiosis was more frequently detected than giardiasis in calves. Particularly, in farms where cryptosporidiosis is common, it tends to be a disease that is difficult to eradicate as it occurs continuously throughout the year. Hygiene management such as regular cleaning and disinfection of the livestock and the surrounding environments is considered necessary to reduce and prevent damage from these protozoal diseases.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 2001

Giardia lamblia is a parasitic protozoa which is transmitted in the form of a cyst through untreated water and also treated drinking water. Since its presence in water has led to frequent outbreaks of giardiasis and death in many countries, the removal and disinfection of this protozoan cyst from the water supply are of great concern for public health. This study examined the disinfection characteristics of G. lamblia cysts isolated from a Korean patient with giardiasis. When using sodium hypochlorite including 5 or 10 ppm chlorine, the killing rate was initially rapid, however, the disinfection slowed down and a 3log reduction could not be achieved even after 2h. The disinfection effectiveness was also reduced at a lower temperature, thereby implying that the risk o a giardiasis outbreak will be higher in the winter season. A CT (concentration$.$time) curve was constructed based on the results with sodium hypochlorite for use in designing and predicting disinfection performance. The organic chlorination disinfectant SDIS (sodium dichloroisocyanurate) produced a lower pH and a much higher residual effect than sodium hypochlorite. The disinfection of cysts by SDIC continued steadily throughout 2h of contact, although the initial killing rate was lower than that with sodium hypochlorite.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.618-624
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• 2010

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.417-419
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• 2005

Five black-tailed prairie dogs showed weakness. emaciation and anemia during the lairage period in May 2005. Among them, one adult male and one female prairie dogs were found dead. The stamp smear for revealed a tremendous number of Giardia trophozoites. Histopathological examinations of the intestine showed slightly inflammatory changes and cystic enlargement of the crypts in the duodenal and jejunal mucous membranes. From these findings, this disease was diagnosed as giardiasis in black-tailed prairie dog.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.239-242
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• 2003

Strongyloides stercoralis (SS) is an intestinal nematode that is mainly endemic in tropical and subtropical regions and sporadic in temperate zones. SS infection frequently occurs in people who have hematologic malignancies, HIV infection and in individuals undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. In this study, we report a 12year-old immunocompetent boy who was admitted to our hospital with acute abdomen. Laboratory evaluation showed strongyloidiasis, amebiasis and giardiasis. Clinical and laboratory findings immediately improved with albendazole therapy. Therefore, when diarrhea with signs of acute abdomen is observed, stool examinations should be done for enteroparasitosis. This approach will prevent misdiagnosis as acute abdomen. Complete clinical improvement is possible by medical therapy without surgical intervention.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1996.09a
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• pp.39-64
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• 1996

Probably over most of recorded time, the quality of drinking water has been praised for good health and blamed for bad health. Certainly it is true, considering pathogenic organism that cause typhoid fever, giardiasis, etc., or considering chemical contaminants suspected of causing cancer. Drinking "natural" waters with a high mineral content is generally accepted to be healthy. Water containing very low levels of total dissolved solids (TDS), such as distilled water, is believed by some to help "cure" arthritis by "washing out" calcium from deposits in joints. Along with this reasoning, many believe that drinking very tow TDS water, treated by distillation, reverse osmosis (RO) or deionization (DD, "leaches" minerals from the body and causes mineral deficiencies with subsequent ill health effects.cies with subsequent ill health effects.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.429-433
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• 2000

Giardia lamblia, a human pathogen causing outbreaks of diarrhea, recently became a focus of great concerns in the fields of both medical and environmental microbioloty. To develop the experimental tools to study giardiasis, encystation, one of the major processes in its life cycle, was reconstituted by inducing an axenic culture of a flagellated form of G. lamblia into a cyst from under high concentration of bile and alkaline pH condition. The successful induction was confirmed by Northern analysis of resulting increased expression of the CWPl gene encoding the cyst wall protein 1. An examination of the encystation process with SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) revealed that the trophozoite, a flagellate with a bilateral symmetry, was transformed to a cyst form with an oval-shape and defined filamentous wall. The encystation was found to cause a disappearance of the flagella and an invagination of the adhesive disc. An extensive formation of rER (rough endoplasmic reticulum) was observed after 24h of induction, indication an active synthesis and export of proteins during this process. The vital staining of the invitro-induced systs showed that most cysts maintained their viability.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.239-243
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• 2005

Current treatments for canine Giardia infections include albendazole, fenbendazole and metronidazole in the most cases. To compare efficacy of these antimicrobial drugs for treating naturally infected giardiasis in dogs, we used the zinc sulfate concentration technique(ZSCT) to figure out naturally infected with Giardia. In this study, feces were collected from 150 asymptomatic dogs at a kennel, 28 asymptomatic Giardia infected dogs were used by the allocated four group to receive albendazole(group A, 25 mg/kg, PO, bid, 7 days), fenbendazole(group F, 50 mg/kg, PO, sid, 7 days), metronidazole (group M, 50 mg/kg, PO, sid, 7 days), nontreated control(group NC) respectively. Fecal samples from each dog were examined for Giardia cysts within 3 days of the last treatment. Giardia cysts were not detected in the feces of any dog in group F. Cysts were detected in the feces 1 of 7 dogs in group A or in the feces 2 of 7 dogs in group M. In the group NC, cysts were detected in the feces of 7 of 7 dogs. Finally, there was significant difference for efficacy between antimicrobial drugs against Giardia in dogs. Fenbendazo1e is the most efficacy to have giardiacidal activity.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2010

To understand the situation of water contamination with Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in the northern region of Portugal, we have established a long-term program aimed at pinpointing the sources of surface water and environmental contamination, working with the water-supply industry. Here, we describe the results obtained with raw water samples collected in rivers of the 5 hydrographical basins. A total of 283 samples were analyzed using the Method 1623 EPA, USA. Genetic characterization was performed by PCR and sequencing of genes 18S rRNA of Cryptosporidium spp. and $\beta$-giardin of Giardia spp. Infectious stages of the protozoa were detected in 72.8% (206 of 283) of the water samples, with 15.2% (43 of 283) positive for Giardia duodenalis cysts, 9.5% (27 of 283) positive for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, and 48.1% (136 of 283) samples positive for both parasites. The most common zoonotic species found were G. duodenalis assemblages A-I, A-II, B, and E genotypes, and Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium andersoni, Cryptosporidium hominis, and Cryptosporidium muris. These results suggest that cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis are important public health issues in northern Portugal. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report evaluating the concentration of environmental stages of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in raw water samples in the northern region of Portugal.