• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.401-407
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• 2010

In this study, computer simulations were conducted to assess the use of a circulating concurrent-flow dryer for rapeseed drying and to determined the effect of this drying method on the germination ratio of rapeseed after the drying process was complete. The simultaneous heat and mass transfer between air and rapeseed in a concurrent-flow dryer was examined by simulation. The drying simulation was based on several parameters with sequent time series. Equations concerning air psychrometrics, physical properties, thermal properties, equilibrium moisture content, thin layer drying of rapeseed, etc. were all combined to solve the simulation models. Based on energy and mass transfer in the concurrent-flow drying model, a simulation program for the circulating concurrent-flow rapeseed dryer was built along with a detailed description of the mathematical solution to the model. A pilot scale circulating concurrent-flow dryer(200 kg/batch) was used to verify the fitness of the simulation program. A comparison between the experimental data and the model predicted results was presented and discussed. The drying parameters and germination ratio were analyzed and the accuracy of the simulation program was evaluated. The simulation program proved to be reliable and was shown to be a convenient tool for predicting rapeseed drying and germination ratio of rapeseed in a concurrent-flow dryer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.1051-1059
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• 2024

This study aims to identify the effects of coffee grounds on plant growth in order to propose new ways to recycle this waste product. As a way to recycle coffee grounds, the effect of placing coffee grounds on the surface of kidney bean plants on plant growth was investigated by determining the root, stem, leaf front growth, and seed germination rates. To maximize the effectiveness of coffee grounds, the effect of heat treated temperature for coffee grounds on plant growth was investigated. Normal kidney bean growth was checked for seed germination and seedling growth. The germination rate was 80 % for the non-treated case without coffee grounds, but 100% for the coffee grounds treated at 100 ℃ and 250 ℃ of heat treatment. Stem, root, and leaf growth were all improved with the use of coffee grounds compared to the non-treated case. This can be attributed to the organic matter present in the coffee grounds and the fact that coffee grounds are hydrophilic, which makes them more hydrating for plants. The coffee grounds were utilized to enhance plant growth, which could be utilized as a new way to recycle coffee grounds.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.771-780
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• 2014

Tetragonia tetragonides is a medicinal plant native to ocean sand soil of southern provinces and has significant effects on the prevention and curing of gastroenteric disorders. Despite of its popularity, supply of the plant has never met the level of demand because of the absence of an adequate culturing method. The present study, thereby, was conducted for classifying the plants with geographically different characteristics, studying growth habits, developing a new culturing method and establishing a large scale propagation system of selected superior individual plants. The study was also aimed for revealing optimum conditions for seed treatment, fertilization, and efficient culturing system and thereby, for utilizing the plant as a new income source for rural communities. The seed was elongated with size of 2.6 mm (width) ${\times}$ 1.8 mm (length). No difference in seed size was observed depending on different inhabitate. Each flower produced about 4.5~4.8 seeds. Germination rate was high for seeds matured for 40 days after fertilization, but deceased to 50% for seeds matured only for 20 or 30 days. Seed dormancy lasted 6 months and seed storage at humid $5^{\circ}C$ facilitated germination. Mechanical obstruct of seed germination was due to seed coat and removal of seed coat enhanced the germination rate. Optimum temp. for seed storage was $5^{\circ}C$, and high germination rate was maintained for 350 days. However, for stratification condition or at room temperature, germination was significantly reduced as storage time increased Optimum treatment of plant growth regulators was soaking in $GA_3$ 250 mg/L for 1 hr. The priming treatment with 50 mM $Ca(NO_3)_2$ at $20^{\circ}C$ for two days improved the seed germination with 10% compared to non-treated control. The treatment of 20% NaOCl for 3 hr. improved the seed germination rate up to 10% and 1 day ahead.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.235-240
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• 2016

Factors affecting germination of seeds in the forms of various environment and chemical compounds. The present study was aim to produced effective seed propagation method of Astilbe koreana (Kom.) Nakai which had expected high value for the cut flower, ornamental and pharmaceutical material. Seed width and length ranged 0.62, 2.22 ㎜, respectively, and weight of thousand seeds was 40.5 ㎎. As result of imbibition test, showed moisture content of fresh seed (2.57%) increased rapidly by water-soaking treatment under 24 hours, recording to maximum value of 29.8%, and expansion of the seed coat was observed. Seed germination was the best at 15℃ and light conditions (40.8%) among temperature and light conditions treated. Percent germination of seeds was improved under the low (15, 20℃) than high temperature (25, 30℃). In addition, the seed was not germinated at dark condition regardless of temperature. Seeds of A. koreana thus seemed that it had low temperature germinability conditions. To improve germination rate, seeds were submerged in various concentrations of growth regulators such as GA₃ and kinetin, and minerals as KNO₃ and KCl. As a results, KNO₃ treatment, regardless of concentrations, promoted germination compared to control. Especially, percent of germination (77.8%), germination energy (96.1%), mean germination time (11.3 days) and T₅₀ (6.5 days) were effectively improved by treatment of KNO₃ 20 mM.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.290-295
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• 2017

Background: Senna tora is a flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae. Its seeds are roasted and consumed as tea in Asia, to reduce inflammation in the liver and improve eyesight. Thus, it has been considered as an important medicinal crops in Asia. However, breeding trials to improve its genetic properties are rare. Mutation breeding by gamma ray is known to be an effective and highly successful approach for the generation of agronomically useful cultivars. Here we analyzed the effects of several dosages of gamma ray on the biological conditions of Senna tora seeds. Methods and Results: The germination rate and growth patterns of Senna tora were examined following irradiation with gamma ray at 100, 200, 300 and 400 Gy. The total phenolic compound contents and antioxidant activities of Senna tora were analyzed. Germination increased at 100 and 200 Gy in the M1 and M2 generations compared with that of the control (M0). The total phenolic compound contents and antioxidant activity of the seeds significantly decreased as the radiation dosage increased above 100 Gy in the M1 generation. Conclusions: Senna tora, irradiated with gamma ray at dosages 100, 200, 300, and 400 Gy, showed maximum germination rate at 200 Gy in the M2 generation. Plant height and leaf size gradually decreased with increasing gamma ray intensity in the M2 generation. The total phenolic compound contents decreased significantly at 400 Gy, and the related antioxidant activity was also decreased as the radiation dosage increased.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.352-357
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• 2011

Rose seed shows low germination percentages (about 20%) because it has a high amount of substances that inhibit germination in the pericarp. We investigated the effect of orientation of achene, the day after pollination (DAP), and cold storage with or without half-cut in achene for the germination percentage in R. rugosa. Germination percentages of intact or half-cut achenes were investigated in a 16-hour photoperiod at $25^{\circ}C$ room on basal MS medium for two weeks. In germination percentage, maximum 100% was measured within one week when half-cut achenes were cultured on an orientation that the embryos facing to the light. Half-cut achenes at 90 DAP were germinated 100% regardless of cold storage. Various LED lights (red, blue, yellow, green, and white) were illuminated over the half-cut achenes to gain the effect of light color. Germination percentage of R. rugosa seeds under blue LED reached the greatest with 90% within one week of culture and these seedlings were the best with a steady growth rate. It is concluded that half-cut achenes would be an effective method to improve seed germination in R. rugosa without stratification or scarification. This system could be applied to breeding studies in rose cultivars.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 2012

This study was carried out to develop the improved useful mutants for yield or composition of stevia plants using the gamma ray or chemical mutagens treatments. The seeds of stevia 'Suwon No. 11' were irradiated up to 400 Gy of gamma ray. Chemical mutagens were treated on the seeds of the 'Suwon No. 11' using 0.07% colchicine, 10 mM sodium azide, or 10 mM NMU for various durations. The germination rate, and shoot and root growth of seedling were estimated at 30 days after gamma ray irradiation or chemical mutagen treatment, and the plant height, the number of branches, and leaf length and width were examined at 3 months after mutagenesis treatments. In the case of gamma ray treatments, the germination rate and early-stage growth were decreased as the increase of radiation dose, and the 50% lethal dose was found to be 200 Gy. the plant height was decreased as the increase of radiation dose, while the number of branches per plant and leaf length were increased. Leaf shape was modified to the relatively longer one compared to the control, which was identified more apparently at the treatments of higher than 150 Gy. In the treatment of chemical mutagens, the rate of germination and survival were decreased as the increase of incubation time. The 50% lethal dose for germination rate were identified as the conditions of the 15 hours incubation in 0.07% colchicine, the 4 hrs in 10 mM sodium azide, and the 2 hrs in 10 mM NMU, in the three chemical mutagens treatments. Chemical mutagens had no influence on shoot growth, while root growth was increased, especially as the incubation time was extended. The highest root growth occurred in the NMU treatment at 6 hrs incubation time. The plant height was decreased as the increase of incubation time in the chemical mutagens treatments. Among the chemical mutagens, NMU was the most effective to induce the mutants with long-shaped or the least lobed leaves.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.421-427
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• 2019

Mobilization of storage lipids is critical for the germination of oil seeds, as they supply carbon and energy until photosynthesis commences in cotyledons. In this study, we determined the levels of plant carnitine and associated changes in these levels from seed germination to cotyledon senescence. We also examined changes in the content of unsaturated fatty acids throughout seedling development. Carnitine levels peaked on day 3 at 14.5 nM in cotyledons and decreased sharply to 7.2 nM on day 4. On development day 3 carnitine levels were maintained at around 3 nM until day 7. The unsaturated fatty acid content dropped by half at the same time as carnitine peaked (day-3), and storage lipids were almost depleted by day 5. Thereafter, carnitine was hardly detected until the second stage of cotyledon senescence, at which stage the carnitine content was 6.8 nM, similar to that on day 4 at the time of fatty acid depletion in the cotyledons. Unsaturated fatty acids levels remained constant in green cotyledons but slightly increased in the senescing cotyledons. The latter can be explained by intracellular breakdown of membrane lipids. This is the first such discovery in developing cotyledons and may offer clues regarding other roles of the acetyl unit transport system in plants. The expression of BOU was closely associated with carnitine metabolism during seed germination and cotyledon development. The results provide support for the possibility of carbon re-routing during the glyoxylate cycle in the supply of energy for early germination and development.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1.1-11
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• 1992

To find heavy metal-specific effects on the photosynthetic apparatus of higher plants, we investigated effects of $CuCl_2$, HgCl_2$ and $ZnCl_2$ on electron transport activity and chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics of chloroplasts isolated from barley seedlings. Effects on some related processes such as germination, growth and photosynthetic pigments of the test plants were also studied. Germination and growth rate were inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by these metals. Mercury was shown to be the most potent inhibitor of germination, growth and biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments of barley plants. In the inhibition of electron transport activity, quantum yield of PS II, and chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics of chloroplasts isolated from barley seedlings, mercury chloride showed more pronounced effects than other two metals. Contrary to the effects of other two metals, mercury chloride increased variable fluorescence significantly and abolished qE in the fluorescence induction kinetics from broken chloroplasts of barley seedlings. This increase in variable fluorescence is due to the inhibition of the electron transport chain after PS ll and the following dark reactions. The inhibition of qE could be attributed to the interruption of pH formation and do-epoxidation of violaxathin to zeaxanthin in thylakoids by mercury. This unique effect of mercury on chlorophyll fluorescence induction pattern could be used as a good indicator for testing the presence and/or the concentration of mercury in the samples contaminated with heavy metals.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.32-35
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• 1978

In order to screen cold tolerant soybean lines, germination at various temperature, and emergence and seedling height at 1$0^{\circ}C$ were investigated. Since the most conspicuous varietal difference of the germination speed was observed at 1$0^{\circ}C$, the germination test at 1$0^{\circ}C$ would be effective in screening cold tolerant lines.