• 제목/요약/키워드: geographical difference

검색결과 339건 처리시간 0.03초

"Standard Model" approach to building projects in the UK and potential role of project team to mitigate any local difference~from international developer's perspective

  • Tanaka, Koji
    • 국제학술발표논문집
    • /
    • The 8th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
    • /
    • pp.425-432
    • /
    • 2020
  • In order to improve the sustainability and smart construction, it is discussed arguably that developing and applying consistent "standard model" to plan business, design, construct and operate a building is considered to be one of the effective and efficient approach. The scope of this article is to examine, from the international developer's perspective, the "standard model" approach of a hotel brand to building projects in the UK, and also to explore potential role of project team to mitigate any local difference at the project level. These projects are developed by the same developer adopting the same business plan, design and operation to each project. In order to clarify the actual and likely difference in construction results, reference is also made to those building projects located in other geographical markets including Japan, Germany and USA, and focus is given on the analysis of its programme and cost. Principle findings are that there exists geographical difference especially in environmental and planning system, and that major local difference is found at least in the programme at the design stage. In contrast, the difference in the building cost itself may not be necessarily considered major if currency exchange rate being taken into account appropriately. It is also observed that there were cases where any difference in the programme was mitigated by taking different approach to procuring and defining roles of management and professional team at the project level. In conclusion, from the international developer's perspective, the geographical difference of the "construction system" surrounding building projects can typically lead to major prolongation of programme, however, these different construction results could be mitigated at least to a certain extent by introducing appropriate changes to the role of project team.

  • PDF

영국의 국가교육과정에서 제시하는 사고기능과 TTG 전략(I) (The Thinking Skills of National Curriculum and TTG Strategy(I))

  • 강창숙
    • 대한지리학회지
    • /
    • 제40권1호
    • /
    • pp.96-108
    • /
    • 2005
  • 그동안 꾸준히 강조되어 온 지리적 사고력은 오늘날 고차적 사고력의 함양으로 특히 강조되고 있다. 고차적 사고력으로서의 지리적 사고력의 함양은 교수-학습 과정이 사고기능을 포함한 지리적 기능 중심의 학습자 활동으로 구체화될 때 실현될 수 있지만, 우리나라 지리교육에서는 이에 대한 논의가 거의 이루어지지 못하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 최근 영국의 국가교육과정에서 제시하는 사고기능과 그것을 지리교육과정으로 구체화한 '지리를 통한 사고 ' 전략에 대해서 살펴보았다. 하나의 사고력 교수 방법으로서 제시되는 TTG는, 무엇보다도 다양한 차이를 가지고 있는 학습자의 학습을 장려하기 위한 구체적이고도 실제적인 교수-학습 전략이다. 따라서 본 연구는 우리나라 지리교육에서 학습자의 사고력을 함양하기 위한 교수-학습 내용과 방법을 모색하는데 필요한 이론적, 실제적 통찰을 제공할 것이다.

Utilizing Usability Metrics to Evaluate a Subway Map Design

  • Jung, Kwang Tae
    • 대한인간공학회지
    • /
    • 제36권4호
    • /
    • pp.343-353
    • /
    • 2017
  • Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of two representative subway map design types, namely a diagram type and a geographical type using physiological metrics, performance metrics, and self-reported metrics, which are representative usability metrics. Background: Subway maps need to be designed in order for users to quickly search and recognize subway line information. Although most cities' subway maps currently use the diagram type designed by Henry Beck, New York City's subway map has recently been changed to the subway map type combined with the geographical type designed by Michael Hertz. However, not many studies on its efficiency are found, and the studies that are available mainly depend on questionnaire surveys or take on a subjective behavioral study type based on experts' experiences. In this regard, evaluation through a more objective method is needed. Method: This study employed usability metrics as a method to evaluate the efficiency of information search targeting the diagram type and geographical type subway maps used mostly as subway maps. To this end, physiological metrics obtained through eye tracking, task completion time, representative metric of task performance, and subjective evaluation metrics were used for the suitability evaluation of subway map designs. Results: In the result of gaze movement distance analysis, no significant difference was shown in the two design types in terms of a process finding a departure station from the starting point and a process finding a transfer station between the departure station and arrival station (destination). However, the gaze movement distance in the process finding the arrival station at the departure station was significantly shorter in the geographical type, rather than in the diagram type. The analysis of task completion time showed a result similar to the gaze movement distance analysis result. Task completion time was significantly shorter in the geographical type, rather than in the diagram type, which is in the process finding the arrival station at the departure station. In other information search processes, no significant difference was shown. As a result of subjective evaluation metrics analysis, no significant difference was revealed in the two design types. Conclusion: An analysis on the two representative subway map design types was carried out via the adoption of usability metrics. As a result, although no significant difference was shown in some information search processes, it was revealed that information search was easier in the geographical type overall. Also, it was found that usability metrics can be effectively used to evaluate the design types of subway maps. Application: The study results can be used to set design direction to offer ease in information search on subway lines. The study also can be used as a method to evaluate a subway map's design type.

Remote Sensing Information Models for Sediment and Soil

  • Ma, Ainai
    • 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
    • /
    • pp.739-744
    • /
    • 2002
  • Recently we have discovered that sediments should be separated from lithosphere, and soil should be separated from biosphere, both sediment and soil will be mixed sediments-soil-sphere (Seso-sphere), which is using particulate mechanics to be solved. Erosion and sediment both are moving by particulate matter with water or wind. But ancient sediments will be erosion same to soil. Nowadays, real soil has already reduced much more. Many places have only remained sediments that have ploughed artificial farming layer. Thus it means sediments-soil-sphere. This paper discusses sediments-soil-sphere erosion modeling. In fact sediments-soil-sphere erosion is including water erosion, wind erosion, melt-water erosion, gravitational water erosion, and mixed erosion. We have established geographical remote sensing information modeling (RSIM) for different erosion that was using remote sensing digital images with geographical ground truth water stations and meteorological observatories data by remote sensing digital images processing and geographical information system (GIS). All of those RSIM will be a geographical multidimensional gray non-linear equation using mathematics equation (non-dimension analysis) and mathematics statistics. The mixed erosion equation is more complex that is a geographical polynomial gray non-linear equation that must use time-space fuzzy condition equations to be solved. RSIM is digital image modeling that has separated physical factors and geographical parameters. There are a lot of geographical analogous criterions that are non-dimensional factor groups. The geographical RSIM could be automatic to change them analogous criterions to be fixed difference scale maps. For example, if smaller scale maps (1:1000 000) that then will be one or two analogous criterions and if larger scale map (1:10 000) that then will be four or five analogous criterions. And the geographical parameters that are including coefficient and indexes will change too with images. The geographical RSIM has higher precision more than mathematics modeling even mathematical equation or mathematical statistics modeling.

  • PDF

근적외 분석법에 의한 참깨의 원산지 판별 (Identification of geographical origin of sesame seeds by near infrared spectroscopy)

  • 권영길;조래광
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
    • /
    • 제41권3호
    • /
    • pp.240-246
    • /
    • 1998
  • 근적외 분석법을 응용하여 참깨의 원산지 판별 가능성을 조사한 결과, 한국산, 중국산 및 일본산 참깨를 판별할 수 있었으며, 필터형 근적외 분석장치로도 연구용 장치와 비슷한 정확도로 참깨의 원산지를 판별할 수 있었다. 중국산 참깨가 혼합된 경우 혼입율은 10% 오차 범위에서 측정할 수 있었다. 근적외 분광분석법에 의해 참깨의 원산지가 판별되는 근거는 참깨의 기름성분 보다는 참깨박 성분에 그 요인이 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

  • PDF

Comparing NDVI to maximum latewood density of annual tree rings in a boreal coniferous forest in North China

  • He, Jicheng;Shao, Xuemei;Wang, Lili
    • 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
    • /
    • pp.34-36
    • /
    • 2003
  • In boreal conifers in China's Northeast area, maximum latewood density (MXD) of tree-ring varies in response to growing season temperature. Forest net productivity can be estimated using the Normalized-difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculated from satellite sensor data. MXD from the Mohe site in this area was compared with estimates of NPP for 1982-1999 produced by the NDVI model, which was established based on the relationship of leaf area index (LAI) and NDVI. The result shows that the MXD series correlated significantly with the NDVI model estimates series, suggesting that MXD appeared to be an appropriate index for productivity or canopy growth in region where forest productivity is strongly temperature-related.

  • PDF

업종별 창업 및 폐업의 지리적 특성 분석 (Geographical Characteristics of Business Start-up and Closing Business according to the Type of Industry)

  • 이금숙;박소현
    • 한국경제지리학회지
    • /
    • 제22권2호
    • /
    • pp.178-195
    • /
    • 2019
  • 본 연구에서는 창업과 폐업을 지리적 맥락에서 검토한다. 특히 업종에 따라 창업과 폐업의 지리적 특성을 밝히고 이들에 작용하는 지리적 요소 및 그 영향을 파악한다. 이를 위하여 창업에 대한 자료 수합이 이루어지는 지역단위인 전국의 시 군 구를 대상으로 지금과 같은 경제상황의 단초가 마련된 금융위기 이후 10년의 자료를 활용한다. 먼저 창업과 폐업의 지리적 특성을 파악하기 위해 개인 및 법인의 공간적 분포 양상을 검토하고, 이들의 지리적 분포를 설명하는 일반선형회귀모형과 공간회귀모형을 구축한다. 분석결과, 창업 입지분포를 결정하는 요인과 폐업에 영향을 미치는 요인이 개인과 법인 간, 개인의 창업과 폐업 간에 다소 상이함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구결과는 창업을 독려하여 일자리을 창출하고 지역경제를 활성화시키고자하는 국가 및 지방정부의 지역계획에 기초적 자료가 될 것이다.

한국 남동해안 해안단구의 지형형성 mechanism (Mechanism of the Marine Terraces Formation on the Southeastern Coast in Korea)

  • 윤순옥;황상일
    • 대한지리학회지
    • /
    • 제35권1호
    • /
    • pp.17-38
    • /
    • 2000
  • The marine terraces often offer come important clues to understand the topographic development during the Quaternary and the present landforms in korea. We examined the mechanism of the marine terraces formation along the coast from Samjung-Ri(community), Guryongpo-Eup(county) to Haseo-Ri, Yangnam-Myun(county), Gyungju-Si(city). Among the various but unique factors of the given coastal environment, which should contribute to the marine terraces formation together, we focused on five possible factors for the present stydy. Geologic difference in bedrocks, protrusion degree of coastiline, topological relief of sea-bottom, fluvial characteristics on land, and pattern of the waves appeared to act cooperatibely on the terrace formation of Southeastem coast in korea, while the fluvial characteristics seemed play a significant but localized role in it. Wide distribution of middle surfaces on the coast of Samjungri-Janggilri could be due to the concentration of the high waves and the weakness of the Tertiary volcanic rocks. For the sporadic distribution of the terraces on the coast of Gupungri-Gyewonri, it seemed attributable to the erosion -susceptible weak bedrock, the coastline of inner bay, shallow sea-bottom with the gentle relief, and other fluvial characteristics with the low divides. Together with the geologic difference in bedrock, other factors including protrusion degree of coast, topological relief of sea-bottom, and the transportation loads by the stream Daejongchon are believed to act cooperatively on the mechanism of the marine terraces formation on the coast of Duwonri-Upchonri.

  • PDF

상세화 기법을 통한 한반도 공간 강우장 분석 (Analysis of Spatial Precipitation Field Using Downscaling on the Korean Peninsula)

  • 조혜련;황석환;조용식;최민하
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
    • /
    • 제46권11호
    • /
    • pp.1129-1140
    • /
    • 2013
  • 강우는 수문 순환에서 중요한 요소 중에 하나로 시 공간적 변동성이 크므로 정확한 공간 강우장의 파악이 요구된다. 열대강우 관측 위성(Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission, TRMM)에서 제공하는 3B43 월 누적 강우량 자료는 25 km의 공간 해상도를 갖고 있어 공간 강우장의 정확성을 높이기 위해 상세화 기법을 적용하여 1 km의 공간 해상도로 생성하였다. Terra 위성에 탑재된 MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers) 센서가 제공하는 정규식생지수(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI) (공간 해상도 1 km)와 강우 자료의 관계성을 회귀식으로 나타냈고 상세화 기법에 적용하였다. 이에 따른 결과를 지점과 위성 강우 자료와의 차이를 통해 보정하는 방법인 GDA (Geographical Difference Analysis)와 지점과 위성 강우 자료와의 비율로 편차를 보정하는 GRA (Geographical Ratio Analysis) 상세화 기법을 사용하여 공간 강우장을 나타내었다. 우리나라의 공간 강우장 결과를 지점 자료를 기준으로 비교 검증을 실시하였다. 그 결과 GDA 상세화 기법의 경우가 2009년(Bias=4.26 mm, RMSE=172.16 mm, MAE=141.95 mm, IOA=0.64), 2011년(Bias=17.21 mm, RMSE=253.43 mm, MAE=310.56 mm, IOA=0.62)으로 가장 잘 맞는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로 우리나라의 공간 강우장을 1 km의 공간 해상도로 파악할 수 있었으며, 더 나아가 지점의 수를 늘려 보정을 정밀하게 하거나, 강우 레이더 자료를 가지고 상세화 기법을 적용한다면 더욱 정확한 공간 강우장을 파악할 수 있을 것이다.

"오만분일지형도(五萬分一地形圖)"에 나타난 20세기 초 한반도의 지명 분포와 특성 (The Distribution and Characteristics of Geographical Names on 1:50,000 Topographic Map of the Korean Peninsula in the Early 20th Century)

  • 김선희
    • 대한지리학회지
    • /
    • 제43권1호
    • /
    • pp.87-103
    • /
    • 2008
  • 지명은 생활환경에 대한 인간의 인지적 표현이자 시 공간적으로 변화하는 역사, 문화적 산물로서 지역의 역사성과 지역성을 이해하는 유용한 기초자료이다. 본 연구는 일제시기 대축척 지도에 수록된 지명의 유형별, 지역별 분포와 빈도를 파악하고 이를 전자문화지도로 구현함으로써 시대적, 지역적 특성을 읽어보고자 하였다. 연구결과, 20세기 초 한반도의 지명분포 양상은 지형과 지세, 인구와 경지, 군현 수, 행정 및 군사 기능 등 국토의 자연 및 인문 환경의 보편적 특성을 반영하고 있다. 또한 지명의 양태별 비중과 빈도를 통해 우리 고유지명의 변화는 물론 자원수탈, 철도부설, 국경관리, 만주경영 의욕 등 한반도 식민경영을 위한 일제의 정책적 수요와 필요에 따른 시대적 변화상을 읽을 수 있었다. 나아가 '치(峙)' '령(嶺)' '덕(德)' '항(項)' '평(坪)' '곡(谷)' 등과 같은 자연 및 인문지명어의 빈도와 분포 특성을 비교하여 당대 사람들의 환경인식과 선호경향, 지명의 명명기반과 형태 등의 지역적 차이를 확인하였는데 이는 서로 다른 지리환경적 특성에 가장 크게 영향을 받은 것으로 설명된다.