• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.187-193
• /
• 2022

In the Yeongdong region of Gangwon-do, coastal areas are important resources in terms of cultural, social and economic aspects. However, the coast of Gangwon-do is experiencing severe erosion, and it is concerned that its adverse effects will gradually increase. In this study, coastline changes of Yangyang and Gangneung in Gangwon-do were tracked and analyzed over a long period of time. In order to build time series image data, aerial photos from the 1940s to the present were mainly used, and data from CORONA satellite, which operated from the 1960s to the early 1970s, were collected and used together. Using 51cm resolution ortho image and 2m resolution Digital Elevation Model(DEM) as reference, ground control points were selected to perform geometric correction on the aerial photos and CORONA images. Subsequently, Canny edge detector applied to these images to extract the coastlines. As a result of analyzing the extracted and vectorized coastlines by overlaying them in chronological order, erosion and deposition occurring around the artificial structures and on the nearby beaches were observed. In this study, the effect of seasonal variation, tide, and various coastal management including the beach filling were not considered. Because coastal erosion is greatly affected by geographic factors, each local government must find its own solution. Continuous research and local data accumulation are required.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.38 no.5_3
• /
• pp.953-966
• /
• 2022

Since aerosols adversely affect human health, such as deteriorating air quality, quantitative observation of the distribution and characteristics of aerosols is essential. Recently, satellite-based Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data is used in various studies as periodic and quantitative information acquisition means on the global scale, but optical sensor-based satellite AOD images are missing in some areas with cloud conditions. In this study, we produced gap-free GeoKompsat 2A (GK-2A) Advanced Meteorological Imager (AMI) AOD hourly images after generating a Random Forest based gap-filling model using grid meteorological and geographic elements as input variables. The accuracy of the model is Mean Bias Error (MBE) of -0.002 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.145, which is higher than the target accuracy of the original data and considering that the target object is an atmospheric variable with Correlation Coefficient (CC) of 0.714, it is a model with sufficient explanatory power. The high temporal resolution of geostationary satellites is suitable for diurnal variation observation and is an important model for other research such as input for atmospheric correction, estimation of ground PM, analysis of small fires or pollutants.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.15-27
• /
• 2010

This study investigated the sedimentary environment changes in the Baramarae beach of Anmyeondo through spatio-temporal surface sediment analysis. In the winter season 2009, surface sediments were classified into 7 sedimentary facies such as gravel, sand, gravelly sand, gravelly muddy sand, muddy sand, silty sand, and sandy silt. Time-series analysis of average grain size from 2002 to 2009 revealed that the average grain size of sediments became finer and sorting was much worse. On the contrary, during the same period, the grain size became coarsening-trend and sorting was much better in beach area. These different grain size patterns resulted from the different change characteristics of beach and tidal flats. The southwestern beach area was connected to the open sea and thus fine sediments were removed by the environments with relatively high-energy. The sedimentation of fine sediments in the bay resulted from the tidal current action and the reduction of energy by the topographic effects. Fine sediments in the outer part of southwestern tidal flats could be explained such that the Seomot isle blocked ocean waves and as a result, low-energy environments accelerated sedimentations of fine sediments.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.77-91
• /
• 2008

In this study, we developed a technique of applying DRASTIC, which is the most widely used tool for estimation of groundwater vulnerability to the aqueous phase contaminant infiltrated from the surface, and a groundwater flow model jointly to assess groundwater contamination potential. The developed technique is then applied to Buyeo-eup area in Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. The input thematic data of a depth to water required in DRASTIC model is known to be the most sensitive to the output while only a few observations at a few time schedules are generally available. To overcome this practical shortcoming, both steady-state and transient groundwater level distributions are simulated using a finite difference numerical model, MODFLOW. In the application for the assessment of groundwater vulnerability, it is found that the vulnerability results from the numerical simulation of a groundwater level is much more practical compared to cokriging methods. Those advantages are, first, the results from the simulation enable a practitioner to see the temporally comprehensive vulnerabilities. The second merit of the technique is that the method considers wide variety of engaging data such as field-observed hydrogeologic parameters as well as geographic relief. The depth to water generated through geostatistical methods in the conventional method is unable to incorporate temporally variable data, that is, the seasonal variation of a recharge rate. As a result, we found that the vulnerability out of both the geostatistical method and the steady-state groundwater flow simulation are in similar patterns. By applying the transient simulation results to DRASTIC model, we also found that the vulnerability shows sharp seasonal variation due to the change of groundwater recharge. The change of the vulnerability is found to be most peculiar during summer with the highest recharge rate and winter with the lowest. Our research indicates that numerical modeling can be a useful tool for temporal as well as spatial interpolation of the depth to water when the number of the observed data is inadequate for the vulnerability assessments through the conventional techniques.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2006

Genomic DNA isolated from two geographical populations of pond-smelt (Hypomesus nipponensis) was amplified for RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) analysis. The populations were obtained from Chungju (CJ), in the inland area, and Dangjin (DJ), in the vicinity of the West Sea in Korea. Seven arbitrarily selected primers, OPB-06, OPB-10, OPB-13, OPB-17, OPC-09, OPC-17 and OPC-20, were used to generate the shared loci, polymorphic, and specific loci. Three hundred and eighty-three loci observed per primer were identified in the CJ population, and 287 were identified in the DJ population. Among them, 91 polymorphic loci or 23.8% were polymorphic in the CJ population, and 47 (16.4%) in the DJ population. The number of shared loci observed was 198 in the CJ population and 176 in the DJ population. Forty-four and 75 specific loci were detected in the CJ and DJ populations, respectively. Especially, 99 numbers of shared loci by the two populations, with an average of 14.1 per primer, were observed in the two pond-smelt populations. The average bandsharing value between the two geographical pond-smelt populations was $0.700{\pm}0.008$, ranging from 0.600 to 0.846. Compared separately, the bandsharing value of individuals within the CJ population was higher than that of the DJ population. The dendrogram obtained using the data from the seven primers indicated three genetic clusters: cluster 1, CJ 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10, and 11; cluster 2, DJ 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, and 09; and cluster 3, DJ 10 and 11. The genetic distance between the two geographical populations ranged from 0.040 to 0.545. Thus, RAPD-PCR analysis revealed a significant genetic distance between the two pond-smelt populations.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.159-176
• /
• 2006

Geographic factors and mathmatical location of the Korean Peninsula have great influences on the variation patterns and appearances over a period of ten days of summer precipitation. In order to clarify the influence of several climate factors on precise climate classification in the middle part region of the Korea, weather entropy and the information ratio were calculated on the basis of information theory and of the data of 25 site observations. The data used for this study are the daily precipitation phenomenon over a period of ten days of summer during the recent thirteen years (1991-2003) at the 25 stations in the middle part region of the Korea. It is divided into four classes of no rain, $0.1{\sim}10.0mm/day,\;10.1{\sim}30.0mm/day$, 30.1mm over/day. Their temporal and spatial change were also analyzed. The results are as follows: the maximum and minimum value of calculated weather entropy are 1.870 bits at Chuncheon in the latter ten days of July and 0.960 bits at Ganghwa during mid September, respectively. And weather entropy in each observation sites tends to be larger in the beginning of August and smaller towards the end of September. The largest and smallest values of weather representative ness based on information ratio were observed at Chungju in the beginning of June and at Deagwallyeong towards the end of July. However, the largest values of weather representativeness came out during the middle or later part of September when 15 sites were adopted as the center of weather forecasting. The representative core region of weather forecasting and climate classification in the middle part region of the Korea are inside of the triangle region of the Buyeo, Incheon, and Gangneung.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.173-186
• /
• 2005

Genomic DNA was isolated from two geographic populations of largehead hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) in Korea and the Atlantic Ocean. The eight arbitrarily selected primers were found to generate common, polymorphic, and specific fragments. The complexity of the banding patterns varied dramatically between primers from the two locations. The size of the DNA fragments also varied widely, from 150 bp (base pairs) to 3,000 bp. Here, 947 fragments were identified in the largehead hairtail population from Korea, and 642 in the largehead hairtail population from the Atlantic Ocean: 148 specific fragments (15.6%) in the Korean population, and 61 (9.5%) in the Atlantic population. In the Korean population, 638 common fragments with an average of 79.8 per primer were observed.; 429 common fragments, with an average of 53.6 per primer, were identified in the Atlantic population. The number of polymorphic fragments in the largehead hairtail population from Korea and the Atlantic Ocean was 76 and 27, respectively. Based on the average bandsharing values of all samples, the similarity matrix ranged from 0.784 to 0.922 in the Korean population, and from 0.833 to 0.990 in the Atlantic population. The bandsharing value of individuals within the Atlantic population was much higher than in the Korean population. The dendrogram obtained by the eight primers indicated two genetic clusters: cluster 1 (KOREAN 01~KOREAN 11), and cluster 2 (ATLANTIC 12~ATLANTIC 22). Individual KOREAN no. 10 from Korea was genetically most closely related to KOREAN no. 11 in the Korean population (genetic distance = 0.038). Ultimately, individual KOREAN no. 01 of the Korean population was most distantly related to ATLANTIC no. 16 of the Atlantic population (genetic distance = 0.708).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.523-532
• /
• 2007

This study utilized the 1/25,000 topographic map of the upper area from the Geum-ho watermark located at the middle of Geum-ho river from the National Geographic Information Institute. For the analysis, first, the influence of the size of critical area to the hydro topographic factors was examined changing grid size to $10m{\times}10m,\;30m{\times}30m\;and\;50m{\times}50m$, and the critical area for the formation of a river to $0.01km^2{\sim}0.50km^2$. It is known from the examination result of watershed morphology according to the grid size that the smaller grid size, the better resolution and accuracy. And it is found, from the analysis result of the degree of the river according to the minimum critical area for each grid size, that the grid size does not affect on the degree of the river, and the number of rivers with 2nd and higher degree does not show remarkable difference while there is big difference in the number of 1st degree rivers. From the results above, it is thought that the critical area of $0.15km^2{\sim}0.20km^2$ is appropriate for formation of a river being irrelevant to the grid size in extraction of hydro topographic parameters that are used in the runoff analysis model using topographic maps. Therefore, the GIUH model applied analysis results by use of the river level difference law proposed in this study for the explanation on the outflow response-changing characters according to the decision of a critical value of a minimum level difference river, showed that, since an ogival occurrence time and an ogival flow volume are very significant in a flood occurrence in case of not undertow facilities, the researcher could obtain a good result for the forecast of river outflow when considering a convenient application of the model and an easy acquisition of data, so it's judged that this model is proper as an algorism for the decision of a critical value of a river basin.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.20 no.1 s.21
• /
• pp.10-39
• /
• 1987

Mortality rate and causes of death are regarded as an index of strength as well as level of development of a country. However, there is no accurate data for the causes of death in Korea due to lack of systematic vital data collection system. The objective of this study was to define the causes of death of the school teachers, its changing pattern, cause-specific mortality rate, and geographic variation. The study population included all of the teachers in primary school, middle and high schools, and college who joined in Korean Teachers' Union between 1968 and 1985 that provided a total of 1,972, 069 person-years to observe (1,384,911 man-years, 587,158 woman-years). There were 3,678 deaths in this period (3,377 males, 301 females). The most common cause of death was neoplasm which was followed by the diseases of circulatory system. The proportion of death of neoplasm was 1.5 times higher than that of the general population. Causes of death were classified into 5 major groups (neoplasm, diseases of circulatory system, accidents and poisoning, diseases of liver, and all others). The mortality rates of diseases of circulatory system and all others for general population were 4 to S times higher than those for the teachers. However, mortality rates of neoplasm and diseases of liver were only about 2 times higher than those for teachers. Mortality rate of liver cancer for teachers was higher than gastric cancer mortality rate which is the reverse in general population. The crude death rate was 2.12 per 1,000 person-years for male and 1.00 for female which is one-third of the crude death rate of general population. Crude death rate of study population was higher in rural area than in urban area. However, mortality rate of neoplasm for male was higher in urban area than in rural area while mortality rates of all other causes were higher in rural area. For female, mortality rates of neoplasm and diseases of circulatory system were higher in urban area and the rates for all other causes were higher in rural area. Crude death rate was lowest in Gyeongin area and highest in Yeongnam area. The mortality of neoplasm for male accounted the highest proportion of all death in Gyeongin, Chungcheong and Yeoungnam areas while the mortality of neoplasm and mortality of circulatory system accounted the same proportion in Jeonra area. For female, the mortality of disease of circulatory system accounted the highest proportion in Gyeongin and Yeoungnam and Jeonra areas. Proportion of death due to accidents and poisoning was high in Chungcheong area and death due to all other causes was high in Yeoungnam area. The most common cause of death for male by city and province was neoplasm in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gyeonggi, Chungnam, Chungbuk, Gyeongnam and Gyeongbuk. Diseases of circulatory system was the leading cause of death in the rest of city and provinces. The leading cause of death for female was diseases of circulatory system in Seoul, Incheon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, and Gyeongbuk, neoplasm in Busan, and accident and poisons in all other cities and provinces. The mortality rates of male were above 2 per 1,000 person-years in Jeju, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam, Daegu, and Chungbuk, and it was below 1.5/l,000 in Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi. The mortality rate of female was above 1.2/1,000 person-years in Gyeongnam and Incheon while it was below 0.5/l,000 in Daegu, Geonggi Chungbuk and Jeju. The leading cause for male by school of employment was neoplasm in all levels of school with a remarkably higher rate in the professors of college. Leading cause of death for female was disease of circulatory system in primary schools, high schools and college but neoplasm in middle schools. There was no death due to liver diseases in middle and high school teachers and college professors and no death due to all other category in high school teachers and college professors, in females. High school teachers and the highest mortality rate and college professors showed the lowest mortality rate. Temporal trend of mortality was examined in three periods; period I ($1968{\sim}1974$), period II ($1975{\sim}1979$), and period III ($1980{\sim}1985$). The leading cause of death for male was diseases of circulatory system in period I and II but neoplasm in period III. Such trend of decreasing diseases of circulatory system and increasing neoplasm was observed in female. Overall mortality rate was decreased over the 3 periods. The mortality rates of diseases of circulatory system, liver disease and all others were decreased in male but the mortality rates of neoplasm and accident and posions was increased. Female showed a similar trend to male but the mortality rate of liver diseases was increased. Mortality rates of diseases of circulatory system, neoplasm and liver diseases increased with age of teachers up to 50 years of age but decreased in 60 years of age. Mean age at death due to each cause was higher in male than female by $4{\sim}10$ years. However, the mean age at death of the teachers was $2{\sim}5$ years lower than that of the general population in all causes of death and the sex difference in the mean a2e at death was smaller ($2{\sim}3$ years) in general population. In sex ratio of mortality, male was higher than female in almost all diseases except suicide and maintained a high ratio. The general population showed universally high ratio in male like teachers, and more or less did regular patterns in mortality with ratio smaller.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.132-138
• /
• 2009

Proper education of hospice professionals is essential for ensuring quality of end-of-life care. In 2005, 'End-of-life Care Task Force Team' by Ministry of Health and Welfare established '60 hours of hospice education' as basic requirement for hospice professionals. This study is aimed to determine how many of the hospice professionals meet with the criteria and whether there are significant regional variations. Methods: We analyzed the data from 46 hospice organizations, which submitted the application to the 2008 designation program of Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Family Affairs. Data included details of the educational records of each hospice professionals. Results: Total 673 hospice professionals were included in the analysis. Overall, only 41.5% (279/673) met the requirement. Nurses (46.8%; 177/378) were more likely to meet the requirement than doctors (35.8%; 38/106), social workers (32.0%; 24/75) and clergies (35.1%; 40/114). Hospice professionals of the organizations in metropolitan area received more education than those in small cities or rural area (52.4% vs. 25.0% for doctors, 50.6% vs. 43.9% for nurses, 42.9% vs. 25.5% for social workers). By geographic areas, hospice professionals in southeast regions received less education than other part of Korea (28.1% vs. 43.0${\sim}$48.8%, respectively). Conclusion: Less than half of the Korean hospice professionals has received proper amount of hospice education, and significant regional variations existed. National programs to promote the education of hospice professionals and eliminate its disparities are greatly warranted. Implementation of the 60-hour currirulum for hospice professionals, based on the train-the-trainer model, would be regarded as one potential solution.