• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.140-143
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• 1999

Ramsay-Hunt syndrome is a related but more serious disorder caused by herpes zoster viral infection of the geniculate ganglion. It is characterized by unilateral painful vesicular rash of the uvula, palate, auricle, ear canal, and postauricular area, but it can extend into the facial tissues as well. Paralysis of the facial nerve is often seen, and there can be disequilibrium and hearing problems also. We experienced continuous cervical epidural block (CCEB) with intermittent stellate ganglion block is effective in Ramsay-Hunt syndrome. CCEB should be considered to the treatment of choice in Ramsay-Hunt syndrome.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.125-127
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• 2006

Facial nerve schwannomas are uncommon tumors. A 40-year-old female presented with left-side facial weakness. Computed tomography[CT] imaging showed a $3\;{\times}\;2cm$ lesion on the posterior portion of the left middle cranial fossa. The mass abutted the anterior aspect of the left petrous bone with a wide erosive change involving the area of the left facial nerve ganglion [geniculate ganglion]. A well-circumscribed extra-axial mass was seen on magnetic resonance imaging[MRI]. The tumor was completely removed through subtemporal approach and the patient was discharged without additional neurological deficit. This rare case is discussed and a review of the relevant literature is presented.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.85-88
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• 2002

Ramsay-Hunt syndrome is a viral disease associated with peripheral facial nerve paralysis accompany by erythematous vesicular rashs on the ear(zoster oticus) or in the mouth. Based on clinical presentations that indicated involvement of more than one ganglion, the gasserian, geniculate, petrous, accessory, jugular and second and third dorsal root ganglia comprised a chain in which inflammation of a single ganglion could extend to nearby ganglia. A 71-year-old man presented with left. peripheral facial palsy with otalgia, vesicular eruption in $V_2$, $V_3$, C2, C3 dermatome, tinnitus, and hearing loss.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제45권12호
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• pp.877-882
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• 2022

Taste sensation is the process of converting chemical identities in food into a neural code of the brain. Taste information is initially formed in the taste buds on the tongue, travels through the afferent gustatory nerves to the sensory ganglion neurons, and finally reaches the multiple taste centers of the brain. In the taste field, optical tools to observe cellularlevel functions play a pivotal role in understanding how taste information is processed along a pathway. In this review, we introduce recent advances in the optical tools used to study the taste transduction pathways.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.97-100
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• 1997

We treated a 56 year old male ailing of painful herpetic eruption on his 2nd, 3rd and 4th left cervical spinal segment. On the 18th day, patient also suffered an abrupt left facial palsy, accompanied with ongoing postherpetic neuralgia even though the skin eruption had been cured. This patient visited our pain clinic on his 46th day of illness and was teated with continuous cervical epidural block for 9 days, and stellate ganglion block plus oral analgesics and antidepressant for 12 days. The combination of treatments resulted in marked improvement of facial palsy and postherpetic neuralgia. A possible explanation of facial palsy accompanied with herpes zoster on cervical spinal segment could be related to Hunt's hypothesis that geniculate ganglion forms a chain connecting the high cervical ganglion below. Another possibility may be related to a compression injury of the facial nerve by long-term severe edema on the soft tissue of the face, the periauricular area and parotid gland around the facial nerve, and edema on the facial nerve itself emerging out from the cranium.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.237-240
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• 2008

Ramsay Hunt syndrome is a disorder characterized by herpetic eruptions on the auricle, facial paralysis, and vestibulocochlear dysfunction, and is attributed to varicella zoster virus infection in the geniculate ganglion. Ramsay Hunt syndrome accounts for about 10% cases of facial palsy. We report a 46-year-old healthy man developed left side skin vesicles on the face with severe pain. We thought of the trigeminal herpes zoster. He was treated with intravenous acyclovir, and stellate ganglion block daily. Four days later, brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed small areas of enhancement in the seventh cranial nerve and eighth cranial nerve, not in the fifth cranial nerve. Eight days later, the left facial palsy was come. We confirmed him as Ramsay Hunt syndrome. We started steroid therapy immediately. He recovered completely a month later. The patient was improved through the early antiviral therapy, steroid medication and stellate ganglion block.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.76-86
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• 2001

Herpes zoster oticus which is called Ramsay Hunt syndrome, geniculate ganglion herpes and otic herpes, is characterized by a viral prodrome with otalgia, vesicular eruptions, facial paralysis, hearing disturbance, tinnitus, vertigo and other symtoms. Among cranial nerves, trigeminal and facial nerves are the most commonly affected in patients with herpes zoster oticus, but on rare occasions 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th cranial nerves and even the upper cervical nerve are influenced as well.. In general, it has poor prognosis compared with Bell's palsy, leaving permanent facial nerve dysfunction. We report a case of Herpes zoster oticus, which was fully recovered by acupuncture and herbal medication within 12 days. We used $FEMA^{11)}$ and House-Brackmann's grading system to assess the degree of paralysis in each part of face.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.333-337
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• 2018

Ramsay Hunt syndrome is a type of acute herpes zoster, which occurs by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus at the geniculate ganglion. Clinical presentation of Ramsay Hunt syndrome includes a vesicular rash on the ear (herpes zoster oticus) or in the oral mucosa accompanied by acute peripheral facial nerve paralysis. Other cranial nerves such as V, IX, XI, and XII are often involved. Additional variability of the clinical picture of Ramsay Hunt syndrome is produced by varying patterns of skin involvement explained by individual anastomoses between cranial and cervical nerves. Combination treatment containing anti-viral agents and steroids is recommended for the treatment of Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Additionally, early diagnosis of Ramsay Hunt syndrome is a crucial factor to improve damaged nerves in Ramsay Hunt syndrome, which initiates treatment as soon as possible.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.479-485
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• 2001

Objective : Several conservative treatments have been tried in peripheral facial nerve paralysis, because 80% of patients recover spontaneously. Surgical decompression may be helpful to the residual, medically intractable patients. We present here our experiences of facial nerve decompression via middle fossa approach, which seems to be one of good surgical therapeutic options for medically refractory peripheral facial nerve paralysis. Method : Three cases of medically intractable peripheral type facial paralysis were microscopically operated via middle cranial fossa approach to decompress the labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve and geniculate ganglion by searching landmarks of middle meningeal artery, greater superficial petrosal nerve and facial hiatus. Results : After operation, two cases of Bell's palsy improved substantially and one case of post-traumatic facial paralysis improved partially. Conclusion : This report is presented to describe the surgical facial nerve decompression via middle fossa for early control of peripheral type facial paralysis. Surgical decompression of edematous peripherally paralysed facial nerve could be preferred to conservative treatment in some patients although more surgical experience should be required.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2001

Background: Ramsay Hunt syndrome is a disease that cause faical palsy, ear pain, ear vesicle, tinnitus, hardness of hearing by geniculate ganglion herpes. Ramsay Hunt syndrome could be taken two sides view of herpes zoster and facial palsy. In traditional oriental medicine Ramsay Hunt syndrome could be diagnosed as heat and dryness syndromes. Object: These studies are clinical observations about two Ramsay Hunt syndrome patient cases that is recovered under the treatment by herbal-acupuncture therapy and moxibustion. Methods: For treatment in acute state, acupuncture therapy was used and in convalescent stage, herbal acupuncture therapy and moxibustion therapy were used. For diagnosis system, House-Brackmann system, Yanagihara's system used as diagnosis scales. Result&Conclusion: The results as follows. 1. Generally, to treat Ramsay Hunt syndrome, it is knwon that from invasion of virus to period of first effect a short term bring about good result, but in these two cases, though a long term. considerable effect was braught out. 2. In treating two cases, herbal acupuncture therapys what are called CF, JSD were used. satisfactory results was produced.