• 제목/요약/키워드: genetic traits

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한국 재래 산란계와 도입종 산란계의 육성 초기 성장 능력 비교 연구 (Comparison of Growth Performance between Korean Native Layer Chickens and Imported Layer Chickens at Early Rearing Stage)

  • 김영신;김재환;서상원;김현;변미정;김명직;김지성;이지웅;최성복
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제39권4호
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    • pp.283-290
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    • 2012
  • 본 시험은 한국 재래계와 도입종 산란계의 육성 초기 성장능력을 비교분석하기 위하여 실시하였다. 공시계는 유전자원 관리기관에서 종란을 인수하여 부화시킨 암수 병아리 276 수를 이용하였으며, 한국 재래계 2 계통(A, B)과 도입종 산란계 3 계통(C, D, E)으로 총 5 계통의 수정률, 부화율, 육성단계별 체중, 증체량, 사료 요구율 등을 조사하였다. 수정률은 A, B, C, D 및 E계통에서 각각 93.88%, 81.75%, 82.25%, 79.25% 및 71.50% 이었고, 부화율은 5계통에서 각각 95.65%, 86.24%, 88.15%, 90.85% 및 88.11%로 나타났다. 육성률은 0~10 주령에서 A와 E계통에서는 98% 이상으로 높게 나타났고, D 계통은 86.67%로 가장 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. A계통은 육성단계별 체중에서 2주령부터 10주령까지 가장 우수하게 나타났고, 전체 기간 동안에 가장 높은 증체량을 보였다(p<0.05). 정강이 길이는 D계통이 0주령에는 낮은 수치를 보였으나, 2주령부터 점차 증가하여 10주령에서는 $56.69{\pm}3.27mm$로 가장 높은 수치를 보였다(p<0.05). A계통의 증체량과 정강이 길이 사이의 표현형 상관관계는 0~2주, 2~4주, 4~6주, 6~8주 및 8~10주령에서 각각 0.63, 0.70, 0.55, 0.50 및 0.46으로 높은 정의 상관관계를 보였고, 전 기간의 표현형 상관관계도 0.85로 높은 정의 상관관계를 보였다. D계통의 증체량과 정강이 길이 사이의 표현형 상관관계도 0~2주, 2~4주, 4~6주, 6~8주 및 8~10주령에서 각각 0.73, 0.55, 0.54, 0.24 및 0.29로 높은 정의 상관관계를 보였으며, 전 기간의 표현형 상관관계도 0.78로 높은 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 한국 재래계의 종자 산업화를 위하여 육성 후기의 능력 및 산란율 등을 추가적으로 조사할 필요가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

근적외선 분광분석법을 이용한 벼 유전자원의 아밀로스 함량과 단백질 함량 정량분석 (Quantitative Analysis of Amylose and Protein Content of Rice Germplasm in RDA-Genebank by Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy)

  • 김정순;조양희;곽재균;마경호;최유미;김정봉;이정희;김태산;조종구;이석영
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제53권2호
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    • pp.217-223
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    • 2008
  • 본 시험은 종자은행이 보유하고 있는 다양한 벼 유전자원의 활용을 촉진하기 위하여 비파괴적인 분석방법의 하나인 근적외선 분광분석법을 이용한 유용유전자원의 대량 선발체계 구축을 위해 실시하였다. 1. NIR스펙트럼은 700 nm 이하의 가시광선 범위에서 다양한 범위의 spectrum을 보였으며, 700 nm에서 2500 nm의 근적외선 파장에서도 spectrum의 차이가 크게 나타났고, 1400 nm에서 전체 spectrum의 정점을 나타냈으며 그 이상의 spectrum에서는 포화현상을 나타내었다. 2. NIR 검량식 작성에 이용된 144점의 선발자원이 가지는 단백질함량의 범위는 $6.5{\sim}9.5%$였으며, 134점의 선발자원이 가지는 아밀로스함량의 범위는 $18.1{\sim}21.7%$이었다. 3. 단백질함량과 아밀로스함량의 실험치(Lab data)와 NIR 데이터의 모집단 분포의 해석과 상관관계에 관한 통계분석 결과, 단백질함량과 아밀로스함량의 $R^2$(RSQ) 값은 각각 0.786과 0.865로 높게 보였으며, 검량식 표준오차(SEC)는 각각 0.442와 2.078로 유의한 값을 보였고, 또한 검량식 검정 표준오차(SECV)도 각각 0.541과 3.106으로 유의한 값을 보였지만 검증시 상관정도(1-VR)는 0.68과 0.70로 검량식 작성시보다 낮은 유의성을 보였다.

Genetic Characterization, Morphometrics and Gonad Development of Induced Interspecific Hybrids between Yellowtail Flounder, Pleuronectes ferrugineus (Storer) and Winter Flounder, Pleuronectes americanus (Walbaum)

  • Park, In-Seok;Nam, Yoon-Kwon;Susan E. Douglas;Stewart C. Johnson;Kim, Dong-Soo
    • 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국양식학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문요약집
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    • pp.28-28
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    • 2003
  • Viable interspecific hybrids between yellowtail flounder (Pleuronectes ferrugineus, Store.) and winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus, Walbaum) were produced by artificial insemination of yellowtail flounder eggs with winter flounder sperm. However, mean fertilization rate, hatching success and early survival up to 3 weeks post hatch were significantly lower than those of parental pure cross controls (P<0.01). Overall, cytogenetic traits (karyological analysis and estimation of cellular DNA contents using flow cytometry) of hybrid flounder were intermediate between the two parental species. Microsatellite assay was used to distinguish the parental genomes in the hybrids; in most cases, one allele was specific to each of the parents. Morphometrics assessed by body proportions indicated that hybrids generally displayed a morphology intermediate between the maternal and paternal species. Interspecific hybrids exhibited abnormal and retarded gonad development in both sexes based on histological analysis of gonads from adult fish. The sterility of the hybrids presents a significant advantage for their use in aquaculture, as potential escapees would not be capable of reproducing in the wild and contaminating natural stocks.

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Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in an Embden×Toulouse Goose Cross Raised in Organic Dehesa

  • Sole, M.;Pena, F.;Domenech, V.;Clemente, I.;Polvillo, O.;Valera, M.;Verona, J.C.;Rubi, M.;Molina, A.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제29권6호
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    • pp.838-844
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    • 2016
  • This study assessed the influence of genetic type (Embden-Anser anser, EE; Toulouse-Anser anser, TT and F1 cross, ET) for meat characteristics (carcass, meat quality and fatty acid (FA) profiles), of domestic geese "Anser anser domesticus" raised in dehesa as an alternative, organic feeding system. Carcass and breast muscle weight (p<0.01) were greater for the ET group at the same live weight. None of the groups showed differences in the production of fatty liver with this type of feeding. Higher values were found for maximum Warner-Bratzler shear force (between 7.62 and $8.87kg/cm^2$), which implies the improvement of this parameter. High levels of oleic FAs were obtained, especially for the TT group. The polyunsaturated/saturated FA ratio was highest for the ET group (p<0.001), reflecting the optimum nutritional values as a component of a healthy consumer diet.

Identification of the SNP (Single Necleotide Polymorphism) of the Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Associated with Unsaturated Fatty Acid in Hanwoo (Korean Cattle)

  • Oh, Dong-Yep;Lee, Yoon-Seok;Yeo, Jung-Sou
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제24권6호
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    • pp.757-765
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    • 2011
  • Fatty acid composition of beef intramuscular tissue is an important trait because high proportions of mono-unsaturated fatty acid are related to favorable beef flavor. In this study, we investigated the effects of genetic factors, such as stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), on beef carcass traits, including fatty acid composition, in the Hanwoo. Analysis of fatty acids in Hanwoo was performed using a breed raised in Gyeonbuk province (n = 395). Compared to the homozygote, the GA, CT, and CT genotypes of exon 5 in the SCD polymorphism showed a higher content of oleic acid (p<0.05) and higher contents of mono-unsaturated fatty acid (p<0.05) and marbling scores (p<0.05) in intramuscular fat. Results of haplotype analysis showed a significant presence of unsaturated fatty acids and marbling score in the $ht1^*ht2$ and $ht2^*ht2$ groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, haplotype effects more powerful than a single gene were also observed. These ht1 and ht2 types also showed a significant difference in unsaturated fatty acids and marbling score, affecting beef flavor in the Hanwoo groups. Therefore, it can be inferred that the ht1 and ht2 types might be valuable new markers for use in improvement of Hanwoo.

CRISPR/CAS9 as a Powerful Tool for Crop Improvement

  • Song, Jae-Young;Nino, Marjohn;Nogoy, Franz Marielle;Jung, Yu-Jin;Kang, Kwon-Kyoo;Cho, Yong-Gu
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제44권2호
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    • pp.107-114
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    • 2017
  • Implementation of crop improvement programs relies on genetic diversity. To overcome the limited occurrence of natural mutations, researchers and breeders applied diverse methods, ranging from conventional crossing to classical bio-technologies. Earlier generations of knockout and gain-of-function technologies often result in incomplete gene disruption or random insertions of transgenes into plant genomes. The newly developed editing tool, CRISPR/Cas9 system, not only provides a powerful platform to efficiently modify target traits, but also broadens the scope and prospects of genome editing. Customized Cas9/guide RNA (gRNA) systems suitable for efficient genomic modification of mammalian cells or plants have been reported. Following successful demonstration of this technology in mammalian cells, CRISPR/Cas9 was successfully adapted in plants, and accumulating evidence of its feasibility has been reported in model plants and major crops. Recently, a modified version of CRISPR/Cas9 with added novel functions has been developed that enables programmable direct irreversible conversion of a target DNA base. In this review, we summarized the milestone applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in plants with a focus on major crops. We also present the implications of an improved version of this technology in the current plant breeding programs.

Diepoxybutane에 의해 유도된 애기장대 엽록체 돌연변이체의 분석 (Analysis of Chloroplast Mutants of Arabidopsis Induced by Diepoxybutane)

  • 윤용휘;이정훈;박해진;강용원;이경민;신동현;이인중;김학윤;김달웅
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.399-406
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    • 2002
  • 본 연구에서는 DEB를 애기장대 종자에 처리하여 엽록체 발달에 관련된 돌연변이체들을 분리하였다. 이들은 각각 그 특징에 따라 iml, gev, yev로 명명하였으며 iml은 잎에 얼룩무늬를 나타내는 돌연변이체이며, gev는 엽맥에만 녹색을 나타내고 이외의 잎에서는 연한녹색을 나타내며, yev는 엽맥은 연한녹색을 나타내고 엽맥 이외의 잎에서는 녹색을 나타내었다. 주사 전자현미경을 이용하여 엽록체 상세구조를 관찰하여 본 결과 야생형 엽록체의 그라나 티라코이드의 모양은 규칙적인 배열하는 그라나가 쌓여 있었으나, iml, gev, yev 돌연변이체 에서는 그라나 티라코이드의 모양이 불규칙하며 그라나의 수도 불규칙하며 스트로마 티라코이드의 연결도 야생형과 상이함을 보였다. 그리고 이들을 유전분석한 결과 야생종과 돌연변이체의 F$_2$에서 3:1의 분리비를 나타내어, 이들 돌연변이들은 핵내에 존재하는 유전자에서 돌연변이가 일어났음을 알 수 있었고, 단일열성으로 유전됨이 밝혀졌다.

Morphological Traits of S598A Sweetpotato as an Industrial Starch Crop

  • Kim, Kyung-Moon;Kim, Ji-Yeon;Kim, Jung-Il
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제54권4호
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    • pp.422-426
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    • 2009
  • Sweetpotato is one of the important starch crops, current more considered as an industrial crop rather than food because it has higher starch content (over 80% of biomass), it is used for bio resources for industrial area. In this study, we generated S598A (a mutant gene of oat phytochrome A) sweetpotato plant using Agrobacterium-transformation method. Morphological characteristics of S598A plant were compared with the wild type sweetpotato, S598A had darker green leaves, increased chlorophyll content higher than to two-fold, delayed leaf senescence, shorter plant height (60% shorter than that of the wild type), more number of leaves and petioles about 1.8-fold, shorter petiole length (30% shorter), 1.2-fold more branches and 1.6-fold thicker stem diameters. From this study, S598A plants with such phenotypic characteristics might be able to use the solar energy efficiently, to have increased tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses and finally to increase productivity (not only starch yield but also root biomass yield). S598A sweetpotato lines are under field trials.

Studies on Long-term Preservation of Eggs of Indian Tropical Multivoltine Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) Genetic Resources

  • Kumaresan, P.;Thangavelu, K.;Sinha, R.K.
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.79-87
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    • 2004
  • The silkworm rearing and growth parameters of 63 multivoltine silkworm accessions under extended period of egg preservation at 5$^{\circ}C$ from 30 days to 45 days were studied. The results indicate that, nine accessions did not respond to extended period of egg preservation at low temperature and the remaining 54 accessions responded to the treatment and three rearings were conducted for comparision with the control; to estimate the effect of prolonged egg preservation at low temperature. The non-parametric tests statistics (Wilcoxon tests) was adopted for comparing the mean performance of treated batches (45 days) over the control (30 days). Highly significant variability was found among the accessions for all the parameters under study. The genetically controlled morphological characters were not altered in the treated batches, which were found to be on par with that of control. However, the total larval duration varied significantly over the control in 51 accessions. Similarly, the fifth age larval duration of 27 accessions showed decreasing trend compared to control. Altogether 41 accessions were found to be tolerant to long-term cold preservation upto 45 days, without showing any significant variation for morphological as well as essential quantitative traits. These accessions may be recommended for long-term egg preservation schedule up to 45 days, which will reduce the cost of conservation of these silkworm germplasm.

Progress in Genetic Manipulation of the Brassicaceae

  • Ahmed, Nasar Uddin;Park, Jong-In;Kim, Hye-Ran;Nou, Ill-Sup
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제39권1호
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2012
  • With the increasing advances in Brassicaceae genetics and genomics, considerable progress has been made in the transformation of Brassicaceae. Transformation technologies are now being exploited routinely to determine the gene function and contribute to the development of novel enhanced crops. $Agrobacterium$-mediated transformation remains the most widely used approach for the introduction of transgenes into Brassicaceae. In $Brassica$, the transformation relies mainly on $in$ $vitro$ transformation methods. Nevertheless, despite the significant progress made towards enhancing the transformation efficiencies, some genotypes remain recalcitrant to transformation. Advances in our understanding of the genetics behind various transformations have enabled researchers to identify more readily transformable genotypes for use in routine high-throughput systems. These developments have opened up exciting new avenues to exploit model $Brassica$ genotypes as resources for understanding the gene function in complex genomes. Although many other Brassicaceae have served as model species for improving plant transformation systems, this paper summarizes on the recent technologies employed in the transformation of both $Arabidopsis$ and $Brassica$. The use of transformation technologies for the introduction of desirable traits and a comparative analysis of these as well as their future prospects are also important parts of the current research that is reviewed.