• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.107-110
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• 2009

In Sasang constitutional medicine, both disease susceptibility and drug response are considered to be related to the characteristics of an individual's physiology and psychology: a theory which is central to traditional Korean medicine. Based on such observable characteristics, Sasang constitutional medicine classifies people into four constitutional types. Genetic studies of Sasang constitution would help reveal the inheritance patterns and models of the typological traits and, moreover, help with traditional medical diagnosis and treatment. To investigate the heritable aspect of Sasang constitution, we collected various pedigrees from South Korea. The study population has 101 pedigrees composed of 593 individuals. The determination of the Sasang constitution type of each individual was performed by doctors who diagnose the Sasang constitutional type of individuals as part of their professional practice. We calculated estimates of familial correlation and heritability. Parent-Offspring pairs showed the strongest familial correlation of Sasang constitutional type, with the correlation values of 0.21 and 0.28, followed by sibling pairs with the value ranging between 0.14 and 0.25. From the heritability analysis conducted with the Variance-Component method, the heritability of TE (Tae-Eum) type, SY (So-Yang) type, and SE (So-Eum) type were 55%, 41%, and 47%, respectively. This pattern of heritability was consistent with different set of analyses, which suggest the robustness of our result. Our result clearly shows that the Sasang constitution type is heritable, and further genetic analysis based on our result will shed light on the biological mechanism of Sasang constitution.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2011

Near-isogenic lines (NILs) carrying bacterial blight resistance genes (Xa4, xa5 and Xa21) were developed in japonica rice using Suweon345 as genetic background. NILs were selected by gene specific DNA markers and inoculation of K1 or K3a race. NILs conferring Xa4 were resistant to K1, K2, K3, and moderately resistant to K3a. NILs conferring xa5 were resistant to K1, K2, K3, and K3a. NILs having Xa21 were susceptible to K1, while resistant to K2, K3 and K3a. Target genes of NILs with the genetic background of Suweon345 were also confirmed by using eleven Philippines races and International Rice Bacterial Blight (IRBB) NILs carrying Xa4, xa5 and Xa21. All NILs had no significant difference from their recurrent parents in the major agronomic traits except for panicle length and brown rice 1,000 grain weight. Heading date of NILs ranged from Aug. 10 to Aug. 11, which was similar to that of recurrent parent, Suweon345. Culm length, number of grains per panicle and ratio of ripened grain of NILs were similar to those of Suweon345. Milled rice of NILs was ranged from 4.82 to 4.93MT/ha. These NILs will be useful for improving resistance to K3a race of bacterial blight pathogens in Korean japonica cultivars.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2018

유전체는 생명체가 가지고 있는 모든 유전적 정보를 담고 있다. 특정 종 내에서는 개체별로 고유의 특성이 나타나며, 이 특성은 유전체의 염기서열 분석을 통해 확인할 수 있다. 종내 개체들 사이에 조금씩 다른 염기에 대해 유전적 연관성을 규명 짓고, 더 나아가 질병과의 연관성을 찾는 전장유전체 연관분석 연구가 많이 진행되고 있다. 종 내의 조금씩 발생하는 염기변이를 파악하는 것은 개체의 다형성을 파악하기 위해 중요하다. 이 논문에서는 종 내 여러 개체의 염기서열에서 대립형질 빈도의 특정변화패턴을 쉽게 파악할 수 있는 분석 및 시각화 도구를 제안한다. 그리고 수두 대상포진 바이러스의 계대 배양한 pOka strain 염기서열 데이터를 이용해 실험하여 분석과 시각화의 실용성을 보인다. 본 제안도구를 통해 종 내의 대립형질 빈도의 변화를 탐색하고 유전적 요인을 찾는 연구효율의 증진을 기대할 수 있다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.293-301
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• 2019

This study was done to estimate the effect of progeny numbers and pedigree depth on the accuracy of the estimated breeding value (EBV) using best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) method in Hanwoo. The experiment groups (sire = 100, 200, and 300; progeny = 4 and 8) were made by random sampling and by genetic evaluation of the following traits: Body weight (BW), carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), back fat thickness (BFT) and marbling score (MS9). As a result of the genetic evaluation, the accuracy of the EBV was roughly 30 - 60% with 4 progenies, and the accuracy of the EBV increased by about 50 - 75% with 8 progenies. In the other words, when the number of progenies increased from 4 to 8, the accuracy of the EBV simultaneously increased by about 15 - 20%. Moreover, when the number of sires was higher, variations in the accuracy of the EBV within the groups for each trait decreased. Therefore, this result indicates that not only the number of progeny but also the number of sires can affect the accuracy of the EBV. Consequently, collecting information on the progeny and careful management of that information are very important things in the Hanwoo breeding system. Therefore, the EBV can show more precise results when conducting genetic evaluations.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.363-375
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• 2019

Fungal sectorization is a complex trait that is still not fully understood. The unique phenotypic changes in sporadic sectorization in mutants of CpBck1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) gene, and CpSlt2, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene, in the cell wall integrity pathway of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica have been previously studied. Although several environmental and physiological factors cause this sectoring phenotype, genetic variants can also impact this complex morphogenesis. Therefore, RNA sequencing analysis was employed to identify candidate genes associated with sectorization traits and understand the genetic mechanism of this phenotype. Transcriptomic analysis of CpBck1 and CpSlt2 mutants and their sectored progeny strains revealed a number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to various cellular processes. Approximately 70% of DEGs were common between the wild-type and each of CpBck1 and CpSlt2 mutants, indicating that CpBck1 and CpSlt2 are components of the same MAPK pathway, but each component governs specific sets of genes. Functional description of the DEGs between the parental mutants and their sectored progenies revealed several key pathways, including the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, translation, amino acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism; among these, pathways for secondary metabolism and translation appeared to be the most common pathway. The results of this comparative study provide a better understanding of the genetic regulation of sector formation and suggest that complex several regulatory pathways result in interplays between secondary metabolites and morphogenesis.

• ALGAE
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

As the global demand for the carrageenophyte Kappaphycus is steadily increasing, its overall productivity, carrageenan quality, and disease resistance are gradually declining. In the face of this dilemma, wild Kappaphycus populations are viewed as sources of new cultivars that could potentially enhance production; therefore, assessment of their diversity is crucial. This study highlights the morphological and genetic diversity of wild Kappaphycus species obtained from two sites in the Philippines. Nucleotide alignments of available 5' region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI-5P) and cox2-3 spacer sequences of Kappaphycus confirmed the presence of K. alvarezii in Guiuan, Eastern Samar and K. striatus in Bolinao, Pangasinan. Based on the concatenated sequences of the COI-5P and the cox2-3 spacer, nine novel haplotypes were observed along with other published haplotypes. However, there was no relationship between haplotype and morphology. These newly recognized haplotypes indicate a reservoir of unutilized wild genotypes in the Philippines, which could be taken advantage of in developing new cultivars with superior traits. DNA barcodes generated from this study effectively expand the existing databank of Kappaphycus sequences and can provide insights in elucidating the genetic diversity of Kappaphycus species in the country.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.591-599
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• 2024

Objective: Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle are valuable breed due to their important role in the development of Indonesian cattle. Despite rapid advances in molecular technology, no genomic studies on SO cattle have been conducted to date. The aim of this study is to provide genomic profile related to the population diversity, admixture, and demographic trends of SO cattle. Methods: Genomic information was gathered from 79 SO cattle using the Illumina Bovine SNP50 v3 Beadchip, and for comparative purposes, additional genotypes from 209 cattle populations worldwide were included. The expected and observed heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficient, pairwise fixation indices between-population, and Nei's genetic distance were examined. Multidimensional scaling, admixture, and treemix analyses were used to investigate the population structure. Based on linkage disequilibrium and effective population size calculations, the demographic trend was observed. Results: The findings indicated that the genetic diversity of SO cattle was similar to that of other indicine breeds. SO cattle were genetically related to indicines but not to taurines or Bali cattle. The study further confirmed the close relationship between SO, Ongole, and Nellore cattle. Additionally, a small portion of the Ongole mixture were identified dominant in the SO population at the moment. The study also discovered that SO and Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) could have been ancestors in the development of Ongole Grade cattle, which corresponds to the documented history of Ongolization. Our finding indicate that SO cattle have maintained stability and possess unique traits separate from their ancestors. Conclusion: In conclusion, the genetic diversity of the SO cattle has been conserved as a result of the growing significance of the present demographic trend. Consistent endeavors are necessary to uphold the fitness of the breed.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제1권
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• pp.27-34
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• 1983

소맥(小麥) $F_2$집단(集團)에 있어서 조숙(早熟) 다수성(多收性) 계통(系統)의 효율적(效率的)인 선발(選拔)에 관(關)한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻고자 중숙(中熟)${\times}$조숙(早熟)(올밀/새밀), 만숙${\times}$중숙(中熟)(Naphal/청계밀) 두 조합(組合)을 공시(供試)하여 $F_2$집단(集團)의 유전적(遺傳的) 변이(變異)를 조사(調査)하고 경로분석(徑路分析)을 한바 얻어진 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 유전변이계수(遺傳變異係數)는 올밀${\times}$새밀 조합(組合)에서는 수획지수(收獲指數), 립수(粒數), 수량(收量), 간장(稈長)의 순(順)으로, Naphal${\times}$청계밀 조합(組合)에서는 수획지수(收獲指數), 간장(稈長), 1,000 립중(粒重)의 순(順)으로 높았다. 유전력(遺傳力)(협의(狹意))은 양조합(兩組合)에서 출수기(出穗期), 성숙기(成熟期), 간장(稈長), 수획지수(收獲指數)가 높았고(0.525~0.808) 립수(粒數), 수량(收量)은 낮았다. 유전획득량(遺傳獲得量)(%)은 출수기(出穗期), 성숙기(成熟期)가 양조합(兩組合)에서 모두 높았고 수량(收量)은 낮았다. 1,000립중(粒重)의 유전획득량(遺傳獲得量)(%)은 Naphal${\times}$청계밀 조합(組合)에서는 높게 나타났다. 수량(收量)과 수수(穗數) 및 립수(粒數)와는 높은 정(正)의 유의상관(有意相關)을 보였고 수량(收量)에 대(對)한 직접효과(直接效果)는 수수(穗數)가 가장 컸고 다음은 립수(粒數)였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.516-521
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• 2008

본 실험은 국내 육성향미자원과 유전적 배경이 서로 다른 도입향미 유전자원의 2AP 함량을 비교분석하여, 2AP 함량이 높고 농업적 형질이 우수한 자원을 선발하여 우수한 향미자원의 육성에 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 3종류의 유기용매에 대한 추출효율은 ethanol>acetonitle>methanol 순으로 확인되었으며, ethnanol의 경우 $30-90^{\circ}C$의 온도범위에서 3가지 유기용매 중 2AP 추출효과가 가장 뛰어났고, 특히 $90^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 추출하였을 때 2AP 추출함량이 가장 높았고 추출 시간이 경과할수록 2AP의 함량이 낮았다. 현미의 분쇄정도에 따른 2AP 추출함량은 5초간 분쇄하였을 경우 가장 높았으며 분쇄 시간이 길어질수록 낮아졌다. 선발한 30품종 중 국내 향미자원과 자포니카형 도입자원의 평균 출수일은 각각 130.3일과 131.8일로 비슷하였으며 인디카형 도입자원은 약 137.1일로 가장 늦었다. 평균 1,000립중은 인디카형 도입자원이 19.9 g으로 가장 낮았으며, 국내 향미자원이 21.65 g이었고 자포니카형 도입자원은 25.5 g으로 높았다. 선발자원의 향에 대한 관능검사는 국내 향미자원 5품종 중향남벼 2호, 아랑향찰벼가 중간 정도의 향을 띄었고 인디카형 도입자원 19품종 중에서 11품종(57.9%)과 자포니카형 도입자원 6품종 중 2품종(33.3%)이 중간 이상의 향을 나타났다. 선발한 30품종의 평균 2AP 함량은 국내 육성 향미자원이 도입 향미자원에 비해 낮았으며 도입자원에서는 인디카형이 자포니카형보다 높은 2AP 함량을 나타내었다. 국내 육성 향미자원은 아랑향찰벼외 4품종과 도입 향미자원 중 인디카형은 Basmati6313 외 18품종 및 자포니카형은 자향나 861 외 5품종을 선발하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1836-1843
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• 2019

Objective: Social genetic effects (SGE) are an important genetic component for growth, group productivity, and welfare in pigs. The present study was conducted to evaluate i) the feasibility of the single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) approach with the inclusion of SGE in the model in pigs, and ii) the changes in the contribution of heritable SGE to the phenotypic variance with different scaling ${\omega}$ constants for genomic relationships. Methods: The dataset included performance tested growth rate records (average daily gain) from 13,166 and 21,762 pigs Landrace (LR) and Yorkshire (YS), respectively. A total of 1,041 (LR) and 964 (YS) pigs were genotyped using the Illumina PorcineSNP60 v2 BeadChip panel. With the BLUPF90 software package, genetic parameters were estimated using a modified animal model for competitive traits. Giving a fixed weight to pedigree relationships (${\tau}:1$), several weights (${\omega}_{xx}$, 0.1 to 1.0; with a 0.1 interval) were scaled with the genomic relationship for best model fit with Akaike information criterion (AIC). Results: The genetic variances and total heritability estimates ($T^2$) were mostly higher with ssGBLUP than in the pedigree-based analysis. The model AIC value increased with any level of ${\omega}$ other than 0.6 and 0.5 in LR and YS, respectively, indicating the worse fit of those models. The theoretical accuracies of direct and social breeding value were increased by decreasing ${\omega}$ in both breeds, indicating the better accuracy of ${\omega}_{0.1}$ models. Therefore, the optimal values of ${\omega}$ to minimize AIC and to increase theoretical accuracy were 0.6 in LR and 0.5 in YS. Conclusion: In conclusion, single-step ssGBLUP model fitting SGE showed significant improvement in accuracy compared with the pedigree-based analysis method; therefore, it could be implemented in a pig population for genomic selection based on SGE, especially in South Korean populations, with appropriate further adjustment of tuning parameters for relationship matrices.