• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2007

The integration method of binary and real encoding in genetic algorithm is proposed to deal with design variables of various types in gear drive design. The method is applied to optimum design of multi-stage gear drive. Integer and Discrete type design variables represent the number of teeth and module, and continuous type design variables represent face width, helix angle and addendum modification factor etc. The proposed genetic algorithm is applied for the gear ratio optimization and the volume optimization(minimization) of multi-stage geared motor which is used in field. In result, the proposed design optimization method shows an effectiveness in optimum design process and the new design has a better results compared with the existing design.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.370-370
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• 2000

In this paper, we design a Multi-Fuzzy model by means of HCM clustering and genetic algorithms for a nonlinear system. In order to determine structure of the proposed Multi-Fuzzy model, HCM clustering method is used. The parameters of membership function of the Multi-Fuzzy ate identified by genetic algorithms. A aggregate performance index with a weighting factor is used to achieve a sound balance between approximation and generalization abilities of the model. We use simplified inference and linear inference as inference method of the proposed Multi-Fuzzy mode] and the standard least square method for estimating consequence parameters of the Multi-Fuzzy. Finally, we use some of numerical data to evaluate the proposed Multi-Fuzzy model and discuss about the usefulness.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Dietary and Medicinal Antimutgens and Anticarcinogens
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• pp.128-129
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• 2001

Tilianin, purified from acrial part of Agastache rugosa Kuntze, reduces progression and may induce some regression of aortic foam cell formation in low density lipoprotein receptor deficient mice (LDLR -/- mice). We investigated whether tilianin can prevent high fat diet-induced atherosclerosis. Twenty-six male mice were divided into three groups.(omitted)

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2009

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation has been widely used for the production of genetically modified transgenic plants to obtain specific desired traits. Most of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the transformation steps have been well elucidated over the years. However, a few steps, such as nuclear targeting, T-DNA integration, and Agrobacterium-plant proteins involved remain largely obscure and are still under extensive studies. This review describes the major steps involved in the molecular mechanism of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and provides insight in the recent developments in studies on the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system. Some factors affecting the transformation efficiency are also briefly discussed.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.59-65
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• 1994

이 실험에서는 소의 유즙에 있는 성장인자를 세포배양을 통해 확인하고 크로마토그래피를 사용하여 분리 정제하였다. 5%의 우유를 포함하는 배지를 FBS(fetal bovine serum)를 포함한 배지와 비교했을때 Africal green monkey kidney cell의 성장 촉진 효과가 비슷하게 나타났으며, 우유의 성장인자를 분리 정제한 결과 FBS배지에서보다 2,000배 이상의 성장 촉진 효과가 나타났다. 이 성장인자는 hydrophobic column(phenyl-sepharose)과 gel-filtration column(sephadex G-100)을 사용하여 분리했으며 그 결과 milk-deriven growth factor는 phenyl-sepharose에서 50% ethylene glycol step에서 용출되므로 hydrophobic protein임이 증명되었고 size exclusion column chromatography로 부터 분자량이 100,000-15,0000 범위의 고분자 물질임이 밝혀졌다. 또한 우유의 성장인자는 매우 다양하며 그중 본 실험으로부터 정제된 물질이 주요 성장인자로 밝혀졌다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2016

Caffeine has been proposed to have several beneficial effects on obesity and its related metabolic diseases; however, how caffeine affects adipocyte differentiation has not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that caffeine suppressed 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and inhibited the expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, two main adipogenic transcription factors. Anti-adipogenic markers, such as preadipocyte secreted factor (Pref)-1 and Krüppel-like factor 2, remained to be expressed in the presence of caffeine. Furthermore, 3T3-L1 cells failed to undergo typical mitotic clonal expansion in the presence of caffeine. Investigation of hormonal signaling revealed that caffeine inhibited the activation of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3 in a dose-dependent manner, but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Our data show that caffeine is an anti-adipogenic bioactive compound involved in the modulation of mitotic clonal expansion during adipocyte differentiation through the AKT/GSK3 pathway.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5353-5361
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• 2012

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is an immune-stimulatory cytokine with antitumor activity in preclinical models. It plays pivotal roles in linking inflammatory immune responses and tumor progression and is a useful candidate in gene therapy of lymphoma or lymphoid leukemia. A phase I study of recombinant human IL-18 (rhIL-18) in patients with advanced cancer concluded that rhIL-18 can be safely given in biologically active doses to patients with advanced cancer. Some viruses can induce the secretion of IL-18 for immune evasion. The individual cytokine activity might be potentiated or inhibited by combinations of cytokines. Here we focus on combinational effects of cytokines with IL-18 in cancer progression. IL-18 is an important non-invasive marker suspected of contributing to metastasis. Serum IL-18 may a useful biological marker as independent prognostic factor of survival. In this review we cover roles of IL-18 in immune evasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, applications for chemotherapy and prognostic or diagnostic significance.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.76-95
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• 2009

In the fungal genus Cordyceps, the type species Cordyceps militaris produces bioactive ingredients and exhibits medicinal effects as a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), The fruiting bodies of C.militaris have now been mass-produced artificially and used as functional food and medicine in China. The unstable variation in forming fruiting body is however a key restrictive factor in industrial production. The genetic study on in vitro stromata formation of C. militaris has rarely been carried out. Here, we report the effects of genetic variation including the mating system on perithecial stromata formation of C. militaris. Monoconidial isolates which have both MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1(genotype MAT1-1/2) could produce stromata. While the isolates only have either MAT1-1-1 or MAT1-2-1 (genotype MAT1-1 or MAT1-2) failed to produce stromata. Despite obvious heterothallism, homothallism was occasionally observed in a few isolates of C. militaris. High genetic variation was observed amongst the different monoconidial isolates of C. militaris. The unstable variation or lose of fruiting body formation was found to be caused by the inner-species high genetic variation of C. militaris. These results also indicated that C. militaris sexually behaved as both heterothallic and homothallic and required two mating type compatible in the same culture in order to produce regular clubshaped perithecial stromata.

• BMB Reports
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2014

SOX3 is one of the earliest neural markers in vertebrates, playing the role in specifying neuronal fate. In this study we have established first functional link between CREB and human SOX3 gene which both have important roles in the nervous system throughout development and in the adulthood. Here we demonstrate both in vitro and in vivo that CREB binds to CRE half-site located -195 to -191 within the human SOX3 promoter. Overexpression studies with CREB or its dominant-negative inhibitor A-CREB indicate that this transcription factor acts as a positive regulator of basal SOX3 gene expression in NT2/D1 cells. This is further confirmed by mutational analysis where mutation of CREB binding site results in reduction of SOX3 promoter activity. Our results point at CREB as a positive regulator of SOX3 gene transcription in NT2/D1 cells, while its contribution to RA induction of SOX3 promoter is not prominent.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1995년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.74-74
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• 1995

GABA transaminase is inactivated by preincubation with p$^1$, p$^2$-bis(5'-pyridoxal) diphosphate at pH 7.0. The inactivation under pseudo-first order conditions proceeds at a slow rate (K$\_$obs/=0.035 min$\^$-1/). The degree of labeling of the enzyme by p$^1$, p$^2$-bis(5'-pyridoxal) diphosphate was determined by absorption spectroscopy, The blocking of 2 lysyl residues/dimer is needed for inactivation of the transaminase. The time course of the reaction is significantly affected by the substrate ${\alpha}$-ketoglutarate, which afforded complete protection against the loss of the catalytic activity. Whereas cofator pyridoxal phosphate failed to prevent the inactivation of the enzyme. Therefore, it is postulated that binding of ${\alpha}$-ketoglutarate tn lysyl residues is the major factor contributing to stabilization of the catalytic site and bifuctional reagent p$^1$, p$^2$bis(5'-pyridoxal) diphosphate blocks lysyl residues other than those involved in the binding of the cofactor.