• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.237-243
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• 2019

Purpose: To analyze the risk factors for posterior migration of a single cage after transforminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively on 48 patients (60 discs) who were followed-up for 1 year after TLIF from January 2015 to January 2017. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 containing 16 patients (17 discs) with cage migration and group 2 containing 32 patients (43 discs) without it. Information related to cage migration, such as the demographic factors, shape of disc, level and location of the cage inserted, and disc height change, was acquired from the medical records and radiologic images, and the possibility for generating posterior migration of cage was evaluated statistically. Results: The demographic factors and cage-inserted level were similar in the two groups (16 patients in group 1, 32 patients in group 2). In the migration group, number of patients with a pear-type disc, 9 patients, was significantly larger; the disc height change, 1.8 mm, was significantly smaller; and the cage was located frequently on non-center in the anteriorposterior view and center in the lateral view in 9 and 15 out of 16 patients, respectively. Conclusion: A pear-type disc shape, small disc height change, cage with non-center on the anteriorposterior view and non-anterior on the lateral view are the risk factors for posterior migration. These factors are important for preventing posterior migration of the cage.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.49
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• pp.117-147
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• 2019

Many cities are utilizing their cultural capital as a means for urban regeneration and tourist attraction. Museums form an essential component in these culture-based urban regeneration efforts, the Guggenheim Bilbao being a frequently cited example of success. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has benchmarked the Bilbao case study as they were looking for alternative income-generating industries in the post-oil era, embarking on a city-building project on the Saadiyat Island where resorts and cultural institutions of massive scale are being constructed. The Louvre Abu Dhabi and the Guggenheim Abu Dhabi were pursued under this scheme, aiming at attracting tourism and elevating their status in the region as a cultural capital. This study examines the political, economic, and cultural background behind the Saadiyat city project and the pending issues behind the construction of the Guggenheim Abu Dhabi. This study purports that besides funding and an ambitious plan, social and cultural developments in the region over time will be essential for a successful localization of a Western brand museum in the region.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.119-132
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• 2015

The enforcement of volume-rate disposal system which has been resulted in reducing the household waste and increasing the amount of recycled contents is showing positive effects that are generating social and economic benefits, However due to the lack of user's perception about how to separate and dispose of recycling wastes, some problems are constantly raised, like food waste is disposed in the standard volume-rate garbage bag. By rearranging visual information printed on standard plastic garbage bags (SPGB), this study attempted to find ways to deliver the information regarding how to use them properly. In order to achieve this, from the perspective of visual information design, the study examined the cases of visual information printed on nine SPGB from domestic and overseas. Among these, this study conducted a survey on user's awareness of visual information printed on SPGB in three districts of Seoul, Korea. As a result, user-preferred items were identified. Based on the result, this study selected information to be printed on SPGB, established the hierarchical order of the selected information, and proposed a guideline for using SPGB with informative graphics; therefore, the effectiveness of information delivery was improved. In addition, this study also examined the external validity of the guideline by comparing a survey on user's awareness.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.853-861
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• 2018

This paper proposes the application of harmonic constraints to address the problems caused by abnormal voltage increases when electric railway vehicles are running. The AC line that supplies the train with power during operation is used to provide electricity of 25kV/60 Hz, but gradually the size and frequency of harmonics involved in the line are varied with the technological evolution of the railroad vehicle electrical equipment. An increase in heat losses due to the failure of the instrument transformer (PT), the main circuit device, which is a serious problem with the recent train safety operation, or to the main displacement voltage. When high frequency components are introduced through low frequency Transformers of the main circuit device, the high intensity of the components is caused by the high intensity of the core and the current flow of the parasitic core is increased, thus generating heat. To solve this problem, the recent adjustment of the sequence has applied artificial NOTCH OFF of the power converter. However, the method of receiving and controlling the OFF signal operates by interaction between the ground and the vehicle's devices, thus it is invalid in the event of failure, and an actual accident is occurring. Therefore, the harmonic currents were required to prevent possible flow of harmonics, and conducted a study to prevent accidental occurrence of train accidents and to verify feasibility of the device through the simulations of the train's experimental analysis and the simulations of the train for safe operation.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.371-381
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• 2017

This paper presents a methodology for creating abstract animation based on the human movement theories originating from the work of dance theorist Rudolf von Laban. Laban Movement Analysis is a method and language for describing, visualizing, interpreting and documenting all varieties of human movement, and Choreutics is based on universal patterns of nature and of human as part of a universal design. Laban defines the space of movements in a profoundly dualistic way. Outwardly, his objective and scientific definitions provide a concrete base for generating human movements in computer graphics in terms of geometric and motion primitives such as points, lines, planes, polygons, linear and nonlinear movements. On the other hand, he also offers a system for understanding the subtle characteristics about the way a movement is dynamically done with respect to inner intention. Laban's interpretations of human motion can be utilized potentially in plastic arts and computer arts. Our work was inspired by those physical and psychological analyses and computer algorithms have been developed for creating abstract animation. We presented our computer animation works entitled "Choreography" in the exhibitions: a special section in "2015 Craft Trend Fair" and "Make Your Movement" held in the Korean Cultural Centre in UK, 2016. In this paper, we describe our ideas and methods for creating abstract object movements based on the Laban's motion representations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.473-479
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• 2023

In this study, the dose of photoneutrons generated during radiotherapy of prostate cancer using high energy was measured using a photo-stimulated luminescence dosimeter. In addition, this study was intended to study the probability of side effects occurring in the abdomen. A medical linear accelerator capable of generating 15 MV energy, True Beam STx (Varian Medical Systems, USA) and a radiation treatment planning system (Eclipse, Varian Medical Systems, USA) were used. A human body phantom was installed on the couch of the linear accelerator, and an Albedo Neutron Optical Stimulation Luminescence Neutron Detector (Landauer Inc., IL, USA) was used to measure the photoneutron dose. The photoneutron dose value in the abdomen of VMAT and 3C-CRT was 52.8 mSv, more than twice as high as VMAT compared to 3D-CRT. During radiotherapy of prostate cancer, the probability of causing side effects in the abdomen due to light neutron dose was calculated to be 3.2 per 1,000 for VMAT and 1.4 for 3D-CRT. By studying the abdomen, which has a major side effect that can occur during radiotherapy of prostate cancer, it is expected that it will be used as a meaningful study to study the quality of life and stochastic effect of prostate cancer patients

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.65-85
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• 2023

This paper investigates how TMT's cognitive traits affect R&D investment. Drawing on the attention-based view, we propose that TMT's future orientation and risk preference increase the level of R&D investment. As R&D activities have long-term goal of generating proprietary knowledge, it is important to understand how TMT's attention toward future and risk affect R&D investment. Also, we test the moderating effect of CEO duality on R&D investment. As the CEO plays a leadership role in the TMT, if the CEO's decision-making authority is highly concentrated, the impact of TMT on R&D may decrease. We measure CEO duality and CEO ownership stake as CEO characteristics. Based on a sample of 837 U.S. manufacturing firms, the results show that when TMT has a higher tolerance for risk and higher future orientation, R&D intensity increases. However, when CEO also serves as chairman of board and CEO has higher ownership, TMT's influence on R&D investment weakens. This implies that TMT and CEO has power dynamic that can change based on CEO power supporting status. Overall, it suggests that TMT's attention and CEO power are important factors to improve longer-term knowledge accumulation of firm.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.67-77
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• 2021

This study is a study on the methodology of establishing an innovation strategy centering on the customer experience, which is essential in order to transform the existing collection and preservation-centered mutual aid company service into a visitor-centered service. To this end, we conducted literature research on environmental changes in the funeral industry from the perspective of service science and the significance and value of customer experiences within them, good customer experiences and bad customer experiences from the perspective of customer experience management. A study was conducted to present and prove a specific model. The customer experience-oriented innovation strategy of the funeral industry means to search for various alternatives that can reach the target state from the present state, focusing on the customer, and select the most appropriate transformation plan among them. As an effect of application, it was found that it is a source of differentiation by generating positive emotions to customers, and that customer experience data is highly helpful in making important decisions for the actual resource input of the parent company. This innovation model was presented, and its value was firstly proved by analyzing the difference from the existing evaluation method. Finally, as a result of analyzing the causal relationship through regression analysis using the customer experience measurement procedure, customer experience diagnosis/evaluation, customer experience innovation strategy, and cooperative company's performance as variables, the relationship proved to be significant.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.139-152
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• 2023

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the migration of young people to local areas. These young people are discovering and reinterpreting local resources to open local businesses while generating new value in local activities and businesses. This study was initiated with the recognition that fundamental solutions are needed for these young people to settle and sustain residence in the local area. Edward Relph stated that 'place' is a fundamental attribute that influences human existence in the world and is the source of stability and identity formation for individuals. This is deeply related to the psychology of young people who have migrated to local areas. These young people accept the unfamiliar 'space' as a 'place' to form stability and personal identity. Therefore, this study utilized PhotoVoice methodology to examine the process and key factors of place identity formation among migrant youths. As a result, the study identified factors that enable young people to settle in local areas and sustain residence while recognizing elements the local government should focus on to support and address the influx of young people. The results of this study can serve as a foundation for addressing the declining population in local areas through the formation of a relationship population and spur the inflow of young people to local cities in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.125-125
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• 2022

저수지 운영자료는 다목적 댐 경우와 마찬가지로, 유입량, 저수량, 방류량 자료로 구성된다. 여기에 강우량을 포함하여, 실시간으로 관리돼야 한다. 그러나 우리나라 저수지는 저수율 자료만 관리하고 있다. 유입량, 방류량이 없는 것이 아니고 관리를 하지 않는다. 강우량은 전혀 없다. 큰 문제인데, 아직도 그 심각성을 모르고, 대충하면 되는 줄 알고 있다. 가장 기초가 되는 일을 무시하고 물관리를 하고 있는 상황이고, 누구도 그 신뢰성을 믿지 않고 있다. 여기서는 이를 해결하는 방안으로 준 실시간 물수지 모형을 구축하여, 10분 단위, 30분 단위, 1시간 단위로 저수위, 저수량, 유입량, 방류량, 강우량을 연속하여 생산하고 검증하는 체제를 제시한다. 준 실시간의 뜻은 계산에 의하지 않고 유입량을 모의에 의해 적용하고 검증하는 과정이 필요하여, 실시간 보다 하루 이틀 늦게 자료를 생산한다는 의미다. 대상 저수지는 유역 내 강우량 수집이 가능한 유역면적 218.80km², 유효저수량 3,494만m³, 수혜면적 5,117 ha인 탑정지를 선정했다. 탑정지 방류량은 탑정1(폭 7.5m×높이 1.5m), 탑정2(4m×1.6m), 양수장(3m×1.6m) 수로로 관개용수 공급량과, 9연의 수문(9m×7.5m)으로 홍수기 방류량으로 구성된다. 분석기간은 1월1일부터 1시간 단위로 연속하여 기간은 자유롭게 설정하여 검정하는 체제를 갖추고 검증된 결과를 제시토록 했다. 2021년 9월의 1시간 단위의 탑정지 저수지 물수지 모의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 탑정지 유역의 환경부 관리 장선, 양촌, 연산 관측소의 면적우량은 최대 15.3mm, 총 160.4mm(3,510만m³)였고, ONE 모형에 의해 연속유량을 모의한 결과, 유입량은 최대 35.6m³/s, 총 1,464만m³로 유출률 41.7%였다. 둘째, 탑정1, 탑정2, 양수장 수로의 수위자료에 수위-유량 관계식을 적용해 수로유량을 산정한 결과 합하여 최대 16.8m³/s였고, 총 548만m³였으며, 수문 방류량은 최대 20.0m³/s였고, 총 108만m³였다. 셋째, 저수지 수위는 관측수위는 EL.28.21~29.38m, 평균 EL.28.87m, 모의수위는 EL.28.08~29.62m, 평균 EL.28.80m로 나타났고, R²는 0.910로 만족한 결과를 얻었다. 정리하면 저수지 운영자료가 없는데도, 10분, 1시간 단위로 연속으로 유입량, 저수량을 모의하여 관측저수량과 비교한 결과가 괄목할 신뢰도를 나타냈다. 이를 바탕으로 저수량, 유입량, 방류량, 강우량 등 준 실시간 저수지 운영자료 생산체제를 마련한 것으로 결론을 내렸다.