• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.298-306
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• 2023

Objectives: Cucumis sativus L. (C. sativus) is vegetable commonly used for managing blood pressure and often consumed in combination with standard antihypertensive therapy, despite lack of scientific evidence supporting their use. Combination of herbs and standard medication could have positive or negative effects. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antihypertensive activity of C. sativus and the combined effect with losartan in the hypertensive rat model induced by angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system that, upon binding to its receptor, constricts blood vessels leading to elevation of blood pressure. Methods: In an antihypertensive study, rats received C. sativus orally at doses of 9, 18, 27, and 36 mg/kg (full dose); while in a combination study, animals received losartan 2.25 mg/kg combined by either with C. sativus 9 or 18 mg/kg. The standards group received losartan 2.25 mg/kg or 4.5 mg/kg (full dose). Results: Blood pressure was measured using the tail-cuff method. C. sativus significantly attenuated angiotensin II-induced hypertension as observed in groups receiving C. sativus at 9, 18, 27, and 36 mg/kg at 30 minutes after induction showed the average change (Δ) of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with respect to time zero were 28.8/18.3, 24.8/15.8, 22.8/15.5, and 11.5/9.0 mmHg, respectively. Whereas the average change (Δ) of SBP and DBP in the rats receiving the combination of half doses of C. sativus and losartan were 8.8/9.0 mmHg, respectively. These diminished effects were better than a full dose of C. sativus and comparable with a full dose of losartan (6.5/7.8 mmHg). Conclusion: The present findings indicate that C. sativus dose-dependently blocks blood pressure elevation induced by angiotensin II. The combination of half dose of C. sativus and losartan has an additive effect in lowering blood pressure.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.40-40
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• 2023

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin diseases caused by skin barrier dysfunction. Allium victoralis var. Platyphyllum (AVP) is a perennial plant used as vegetable and herbal medicine. The purpose of this study was to suggest that AVP is a new cosmetic material by examining the effects of AVP on the skin barrier and inflammatory response. A bibliometric network analysis was performed through keyword co-occurrence analysis by extracting author keyword from 69 articles retrieved from SCOPUS. We noted the anti-inflammatory activity shown by the results of clustering and mapping from network visualization analysis using VOSviewer software tool. HPLC-UV analysis showed that AVP contains 0.12 ± 0.02 mg/g of chlorogenic acid and 0.10 ± 0.01 mg/g of gallic acid. AVP at 100 ㎍/mL was shown to increase the mRNA levels of filaggrin and involucrin related to skin barrier function by 1.50-fold and 1.43-fold, respectively. In the scratch assay, AVP at concentrations of 100 ㎍/mL and 200 ㎍/mL significantly increased the cell migration rate and narrowed the scratch area. In addition, AVP suppressed the increase of inflammation-related factors COX-2 and NO and decreased the release of β-hexosaminidase. This study suggests that AVP can be developed as a functional cosmetic material for atopy management through skin barrier protection effects, anti-inflammatory and anti-itch effects.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.201-220
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• 2024

Purpose: Smart farming is related to the low carbon certification system as it provides many opportunities to cultivate and manage crops in an eco-friendly, thereby reducing carbon footprint. However, there is a significant lack of consumer perception research on low carbon labels for smart farms vegetables. Therefore, this study aims to investigate consumer perceptions of smart farm vegetable and low carbon labels. Methods: This study manipulated cultivation type(general vs. smart farm) and low carbon labels (yes vs. no) as experimental stimuli. Measurement questions and the research model were validated through confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis. Hypotheses testing were conducted using SPSS 29.0, AMOS 28.0. Results: The results of the study showed no significant difference in consumers perceived naturalness based on cultivation types, and there was also no moderating effect of the low carbon label. There was no difference between environmental benefits and health benefits according to the cultivation type. Perceived naturalness had a significant effect on both environmental and health benefits, and environmental benefits showed a higher impact relationship. These benefits positively affected attitudes and willingness to pay a premium, Environmental benefits had a higher impact on attitudes, while health benefits had a higher impact on willingness to pay a premium. Lastly, attitudes were found to have a significant impact on the willingness to pay a premium. Conclusion: This study is valuable in that it investigated consumer perceptions of smart farms and low carbon labels that have not been previously studied. It compares the environmental and health benefits, confirming their influence on attitudes and willingness to pay a premium. The results suggest a potential expansion in academic research on smart farming and low carbon labels, offering practical insights for marketing strategies and policies for relevant companies.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.293-302
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• 1998

The general meal intake survey in two regional areas(Seoul and Andong in Kyungsangbuk province) was conducted to investigate what the Korean favorite dishes are, as a part of study on their blood glucose responses. The survey was carried out to fill up the 45 kinds of questionnaires to adults over 20 years old. The age of subjects was evenly distributed from twenties to fifties and 54% of them was middle class, whose monthly income was between a million won and two million won. The 72% of subjects mixed cereals(mainly barley, soybean) with rice but about 28% did not. Domestic meals except general Korean meals were bibimbab and kimblb. Major noodles at home was ramen and kalgugsu(home made noodle) and 50% of the subjects took the noodle with small amounts of steamed rice. The 41% of subjects took the gug(Korean soup) in every meal and the major soup was vegetable doengang soup, sea mustard soup, beef soup and soybean sprout soup in order. The 87% of subjects took either soup or pot stew, and doenjang pot stew and kimchi pot stew were mainly used. The number of side dishes except soup, pot stew and kimchi was 3∼4. The side dishes in meat was cooked mainly with beef and pork. The favorite cooking type of fish is roasting one. Two kinds of kimchi were served in every meal and the major kimchi was cabbage kimchi, kkagdugi(radish cube kimchi), yulmu kimchi in order. The major meal of eating out was galbitang and bibibbab in Korean style, jjajangmyon in Chinese one, pork cutlet in western one and hamburger as a fast food.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.666-672
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• 2012

The present study was carried out in order to assess the dietary exposure as well as the risk for lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) exposure through mushrooms among the Korean population. Various samples (n=536) covering 17 kinds of mushrooms were collected from retail outlets and markets in Korea. The contents of Pb were 0.005 (King oyster)-0.026 (Matsutake) mg/kg in raw mushrooms and 0.014 (Oyster)-16.411 (Manna lichen) mg/kg in dry mushrooms, respectively. The contents of Cd were 0.002 (Enoki)-0.205 (Hericium erinaciium) mg/kg in raw mushrooms and 0.021 (Vegetable worms)-2.650 (Agaricus blazei Muill) mg/kg in dry mushrooms, respectively. The mean dietary exposure of Pb for the general population was $0.053{\mu}g/day$, taking 0.03% of provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The mean dietary exposure of Cd for the general population was $0.168{\mu}g/day$, corresponding to 0.37% of provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI). Therefore, the level of the overall dietary exposure to heavy metals through mushroom for the Korean population was far below the recommended JECFA levels, indicating little possibility of concern.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

This paper is intended to study what kinds of the vegetables are mentioned in the Bible and how they were used in those days. While one hundred and twenty-eight different plants are mentioned in the Bible, there are today 2,384 plant species in modem Israel, most of which have been introduced in recent centuries. These plants obviously did not exist there in biblical times and were only recently introduced from Australia and South America, respectively. This article will study only the vegetables mentioned in the Bible and known to have existed in the old and new testament times. Since the first book devoted exclusively to biblical botany was that of Levinus Lemmens in 1566, the modem systematic study of biblical plants, began with F. Hasselquist, a student of Linnaeus, the founder of modem botany. In 1928, Immanuel Loew approached the subject differently, reviewing all known data pertaining to biblical plants. His work not only discussed biblical plants, but also plants in later Jewish literature, particularly the Talmud. The British scholar G. E. Post provided a broad field study of modem plants in Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan. More recent major treatments of the subject include those of A. and H. Moldenke (1952), M. Zohary (1982), N. Hareuveni (1984), and Y. J. Choi(1996). Today, articles on specific biblical plants listed in the Bible can be found in any number of encyclopedias. This study attempts to provide a synthesis of the work of a number of scholars who studied the vegetables and plants mentioned in the Bible. As a preliminary study on the culture of food in the biblical period, this study has focused on the identity and features of the vegetables of the Bible. In only a limited number of instances, because of the paucity of the informations and the broad and generic descriptions of the plants, we can't be certain about the identification of the vegetables named in the Bible. In many instances the traditions established by the Greek, Aramaic, and English translations are helpful, although sometimes they are misleading. This paper subdivides the vegetables into broad areas, the general vegetables and the flavoring herbs. Vegetables formed very important part of the diet in the biblical times. Two main types were used: those whose nutritious seeds could be easily stored and those which were eaten freshly gathered from gardens. Pulse seeds provided a useful source of vegetable protein, while fresh green vegetables were vitamin rich. Pulses could be eaten boiled, or their dried seeds could be ground up into flour and then made into nutritious soups. Fresh vegetables were eaten either raw or lightly cooked, usually by boiling in water. The general vegetables in the Bible are herbs(garden rocket), cucumber(snake cucumber), watermelon, leeks, chicory, and onions. Also the flavoring herbs in the Bible are rue, dill, cummin, black cummin, frankincense, cinnamon, cassia, myrrh, black mustard, coriander, mint, saffron, ginger grass, syrian hyssop, aloes(eagle wood), manna which have the flavor, aroma, and medical values.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.359-369
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• 2011

The study was carried out to investigate the quality characteristics of pellets manufactured with adding soybean oil, waste soybean oil, ozonized soybean oil and ozonized waste soybean oil to Larix kaemferi Carr sawdust. The characteristics of pellet included moisture contents, heating value, ash contents, apparent densities, durabilities, absorption ratio and elementary analysis. Moisture contents were shown 7.66~9.48% which satisfied the first grade (less than 10%) of quality standard of wood pellets announced by Korea Forest Research Institute. The heating value of the manufactured wood pellets in this study exceeded the first grade of quality standard (more than 4,300 kcal/kg) and it appeared that the pellets manufactured with adding oils and ozonized oils had more heating value than the control pellets. Ash contents 0.34~0.42% also passed the first grade (less than 0.7%) of quality standard and apparent densities were adequate for the first grade (640 kg/$m^3$) on the quality standard. Durabilities of the pellets manufactured with adding soybean oil and ozonized waste soybean oil were shown over the first grade (97.5 kg/$m^3$) of quality standard. In the general results of durabilities, the pellets manufactured with additives had better values than the control pellets. After 24 hours absorption ratio experiment, absorption ratio of pellets manufactured with additives also appeared much lower moisture absorption than the control pellets and they still had the same results after 5days absorption ratio experiment. Elementary analysis of the sulfur content was satisfied the first grade (less than 0.05%) of quality standard of wood pellets and the nitrogen content was also adequate for the first grade (less than 0.3%) of quality standard of wood pellets.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 2012

It is important to determine the optimum harvesting time that impact decisively on the quality of vegetable waxy corns. In general, it takes 20~25 days from silking to harvest according to ecotype when waxy corn hybrids were sown in April. We identified the optimum harvesting time by the ecotypes and seeding dates for the establishment of corn double cropping system of waxy corn. It takes 23~25 days from silking to harvest regardless of ecotype, when waxy corns were sown at early in April or late in June. It takes 28~31 days when Chalok1, early maturing type, was sown between in July 10, and in July 30. It takes 29~31 days when Ilmichal, medium late maturing type, was sown between in July 10 and in July 20, but 39 days were required when sown at in July 30. The cumulative temperature for harvesting was about $1700^{\circ}C{\sim}2100^{\circ}C$. The minimum cumulative temperature from seeding to harvest was approximately $600^{\circ}C$. These results will be helpful to the farmers for determining the optimum harvest time of vegetable waxy corns.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.293-305
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• 1998

According to economical status, under-nutrition and over-nutrition coexist in preschool children in Korea. Subjects consumed more than RDA in most nutrients, and children in of the upper income class tended to have more nutrients than those of the low income class. Especially in case of energy, protein, fat, vitamin $B_2$, and P there were significant differences among the different classes. The mean calorie compositions of carbohydrates, protein and fat were $57{\sim}59:\;16{\sim}17:\;26{\sim}27$ and fat calorie percentage was higher than quantity recommended for Korean adults. Energy, protein, Fe, vitamin A, $B_1$ and C intakes were taken mostly from plant food sources. In the upper income class group, intakes of protein and vitamin $B_2$ from animal food sources were higher than in any other income classes. Intakes of iron, vitamin A, $B_1$ and C were largely provided by plant food group. Especially 44-45% of vitamin A were taken from vegetable and fruits group, which indicated that about 50% of vitamin A intake was the form of ${\beta}-carotene$. Also compared with other groups, in the upper income class group, the intakes of energy, protein, Ca, p, vitamin $B_1$ and vitamin $B_2$ from cereal and potatoes were significantly lower, and those of Ca and P from milks and meats, fishes & eggs were significantly higher(p<0.05). The mean fat intake in all subjects was $38{\sim}43g/day$. Regardless of income class, oleic acid($6.6{\sim}8.4g$) and linoleic acid($6.7{\sim}8.1g$) were the most abundant fatty acids contained in the diet. The upper class group consumed significantly more total saturated fatty acids and total monounsaturated fatty acids(p<0.05). In polyunsaturated fatty acids, there were no differences between 3 different income classes, but intakes of total ${\omega}6$ fatty acids in the upper class tended to be higher and those of total o3 fatty acids in low class tended to be higher. Therefore, ${\omega}6/{\omega}3$ tended to be higher in the upper class group. Regardless of income classes, P/M/S and ${\omega}6/{\omega}3$ ratios in all subjects were $0.9{\sim}l.3/1.0{\sim}1.1/1.0$ and $5.2{\sim}7.4/1.0$, respectively and were in a desirable range. Cholesterol intake of subject was 184-218 mg/day, which was comparable to the value of Korean adult intake.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to estimate the nutrient intakes and food habits among preschool children in Kyungjoo city. The subjects were 210 preschool children, aged 4 - 6 years. Measurements of the weight, height, chest circumference, and head circumference of the children were conducted. And general home environment and factors related to eating habits for preschool children were collected using a questionnaire that included information about family income, parents' education and occupations. The average weight-length index (WLI) for the subjects was $103.9\%$. Using the WLI, $20.0\%$ of the preschool children were underweight, $48.6\%$ were normal, $19.0\%$ were overweight, and $12.3\%$ were obese. On the R$\ddot{o}$hrer index, $13.8\%$ of the preschool children were underweight, $38.5\%$ were normal, and $47.7\%$ were over weight or obese. The average daily intake ($\%$ of RDA) of energy and each nutrient was 1323.5 kcal ($81.3\%$), Ca 484.3 mg ($80.7\%$), Fe 7.05 mg ($88.1\%$), vitamin A 420.0 RE ($105\%$), vitamin $B_{2}$ 0.76 mg ($95.0\%$), vitamin $B_{2}$ 0.87 mg ($87.0\%$), and vitamin C 53.1 mg ($106.2\%$) , respectively. In particular, older subjects had lower intake in RDA $%$ of calcium and iron. The energy intake ratio from snacks was much higher than the recommended level of the preschool children. With regard to frequency of regularity of breakfast, $1.9\%$ of preschool children skipped every morning and $7.6\%$ of the children skipped more than 5 per week. With regard to the intake frequency of vegetables, fruits, complex carbohydrates, and milk, $13.3\%$, $19.9\%$, $22.8\%$, and $41.8\%$ of the children ate more than 5 times per week. The eating habit score was positively correlated (r = 0.18, P < 0.05) with household income. This study suggests that nutrition education to increase fruit and vegetable consumption for preschool children should be emphasized. Also a nutrition education program is needed to enhance consuming calcium and iron intake for adequate growth.