• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

The color reproduction of digital still camera does not, in general, match those of the final output device. Because color gamut of these devices is different, it is therefore necessary to take account of a way to match. The way uses the optimized profile to output device an image. This paper proposed a way to create the input profile of digital still camera for standardization soft proofing process. The results of proposed way showed that for input profiles equivalent, good results relatively. In this paper, an experiment was done where the illumination sources used as the standard illumination 5200K and illuminated at a $45^{\circ}$ angle in the best illumination efficiently. The white balance was in mode 'custom' : aperture F11, exposure time 1/60s, ISO50, focal length 80mm. The images were exported and saved as 16bit RGB TIFF(AdobeRGB, sRGB, ProphotoRGB) images. To do the test, the RGB values of the RGB TIFF images are processed through the ICC input profile to arrive at processed $CIEL^*a^*b^*$ values. A profiling tool such as ProfileMaker 5.0 and Monacoprofile 4.8 are used to do this. The processed $CIEL^*a^*b^*$ values are compared to the reference $CIEL^*a^*b^*$ values and these two values are used to calculate a ${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.370-377
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• 2012

This study examines the effects of different environments on the application of hemiplegia patients circuit balance training. Group 1 performed circuit balance training without any auditory intervention Group 2 performed training in noiseless environments and Group 3 performed training in white noise environments. First, among lower extremity muscular strength evaluation items, maximum activity time(MAT) was not significantly different(p>.05). Maximum muscle strength(MMS) increased significantly in Group 3(p<.01), there was no significant difference in MMS among the groups. Average muscle strength(AMS) indexes also significantly increased in Group 3(p<.01), there was no significant difference in AMS among the groups. Second, among balancing ability evaluation items, Berg's balance scale(BBS) scores significantly increased in all groups(p<.05), BBS scores were significantly difference among the groups. Based on the results, Group 1, 2 and Group 1, 3 showed significant increases (p<.05). Functional reach test(FRT) values significantly increased in Group 2, 3(p<.05), and there was no significant difference in FRT values among the groups. Timed up and go(TUG) test values significantly decreased in Group 2, 3(p<.05), and there was no significant difference in TUG test values among the groups. Third, among walking speed evaluation items, the time required to walk 10m significantly decreased in all groups(p<.05), and there was no significant difference in the values among the groups. Average walking speeds showed significant increases in Group 1, 3(p<.05), and there was no significant difference in the values among the groups. Based on the results of this study, noise environments should be improved by either considering auditory interventions and noiseless environments, or by ensuring that white noise environments facilitate the enhancement of balancing ability.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.47-68
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• 2010

One of the important complaint factors by the patients using medical institutions is various kinds of waiting time. This research is about the causal relationships among waiting time(application of waiting time, perceived of waiting time, fairness of waiting, explanation of the delay, acceptance possibility), service values, and customer satisfaction. The subjects for this study were 256 out-patients currently using seven general hospitals in the Busan area. The findings of the empirical analysis are as follows: First, the good application of waiting time or fair waiting time procedure didn't actually affect perceived waiting time. Second, though the application of waiting time didn't affect acceptance possibility, the fair procedure of waiting time had an affirmative effect on acceptance possibility. Third, even when there was enough explanation about the need to wait, it could shorten perceived waiting time but failed to get sufficient sympathy or agreement from the patients. Fourth, the possibility of acceptance following the sufficient sympathy of patients had an effect on shortening perceived waiting time. Fifth, perceived waiting time lowered customer satisfaction, but had no negative effect on service values. Finally, the ranges of acceptance possibility by the patients were found to increase customer satisfaction and maximize service values. In conclusion, every medical institution needs to focus on, first of all, shortening waiting time for more customer satisfaction and improved service values.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2003년도 가을 학술논문집
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• pp.534-538
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• 2003

Final disposal of radioactive waste generated from Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) requires the detailed knowledge of the natures and quantities of radionuclides in waste package. Many of these radionuclides are difficult to measure and expensive to assay. Thus it is suggested to the Indirect method by which the concentrations of DTM (Difficult-to-Measure) nuclide is decided using the relation of concentrations (Scaling Factor) between Key (Easy-to-Measure) nuclide and DTM nuclide with measured concentrations of Key nuclide. In general, scaling factor is determined by using of log mean average (LMA) and regression. These methods are adequate to apply most corrosion product nuclides. But in case of fission product nuclides and some corrosion product nuclides, the predicted values aren't well matched with the original values. In this study, the models using artificial neural network (ANN) for C-14 and Sr-90 are compared with those using LMA and regression. The assessment of models is executed in the two parts divided by a training part and a validation part. For all of two nuclides in the training part, the predicted values using ANN are well matched with the measured values compared with those using LMA and regression. In the validation part, the accuracy of the predicted values using ANN is better than that using LMA and is similar to or better than that using regression. It is concluded that the predicted values using ANN model are better than those using conventional model in some nuclides and ANN model can be used as the complement of LMA and regression model.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.286-295
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• 2019

Red pepper seed (RPS) is commonly removed during the production of red pepper powder, which is contains large amounts of dietary fibers and is abundant in nutrients, readily available. In this study, we determined the effects of adding RPS powder on the physicochemical properties of emulsified meat products. Meat emulsion samples were prepared with pork hind leg meat (60%) and back fat (20%), iced water (20%), various additives, and RPS powder at different concentrations [0% (control), 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%]. For the physicochemical properties, moisture and fat content, pH value, color, emulsion stability, cooking yield, appearance viscosity, and textural properties were examined. Addition of RPS induced significantly higher values in moisture content, pH, cooking yield, and a* values of the meat emulsion samples, regardless of the amount added. However, lower values were obtained for emulsion stability, cooking yield, and viscosity in samples with RPS powder at 3% or 4% among all groups. In general, addition of RPS powder at 1% and 2% led to the greatest values in viscosity of the meat emulsion samples. Higher values (p<0.05) in hardness and springiness were observed in samples with RPS powder at 4% and 3%, respectively. For gumminess, chewiness, and cohesiveness, the addition of RPS powder at 1%, 2%, and 3% induced the highest values (p<0.05) in the meat emulsion samples. These results showed that addition of RPS powder at optimum levels (2%) could be utilized to improve quality properties of emulsified meat products as a non-meat ingredient.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2020

Background: This study aims to determine the effective atomic number (Zeff) from dual-energy image sets obtained using a conventional computed tomography (CT) simulator. The estimated Zeff can be used for deriving the stopping power and material decomposition of CT images, thereby improving dose calculations in radiation therapy. Materials and Methods: An electron-density phantom was scanned using Philips Brilliance CT Big Bore at 80 and 140 kVp. The estimated Zeff values were compared with those obtained using the calibration phantom by applying the Rutherford, Schneider, and Joshi methods. The fitting parameters were optimized using the nonlinear least squares regression algorithm. The fitting curve and mass attenuation data were obtained from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The fitting parameters obtained from stopping power and material decomposition of CT images, were validated by estimating the residual errors between the reference and calculated Zeff values. Next, the calculation accuracy of Zeff was evaluated by comparing the calculated values with the reference Zeff values of insert plugs. The exposure levels of patients under additional CT scanning at 80, 120, and 140 kVp were evaluated by measuring the weighted CT dose index (CTDIw). Results and Discussion: The residual errors of the fitting parameters were lower than 2%. The best and worst Zeff values were obtained using the Schneider and Joshi methods, respectively. The maximum differences between the reference and calculated values were 11.3% (for lung during inhalation), 4.7% (for adipose tissue), and 9.8% (for lung during inhalation) when applying the Rutherford, Schneider, and Joshi methods, respectively. Under dual-energy scanning (80 and 140 kVp), the patient exposure level was approximately twice that in general single-energy scanning (120 kVp). Conclusion: Zeff was calculated from two image sets scanned by conventional single-energy CT simulator. The results obtained using three different methods were compared. The Zeff calculation based on single-energy exhibited appropriate feasibility.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2016

Background: Position of the facial foramina is important for regional block and for various maxillofacial surgical procedures. In this study, we report on anthropometry and morphology of these foramina using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) data. Methods: A retrospective review was performed for all patients who have undergone 3D-CT scan of the facial skeleton for reasons other than fracture or deformity of the facial skeleton. Anthropometry of the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramina (SOF, IOF, MF) were described in relation to facial midline, inferior orbital margin, and inferior mandibular margin (FM, IOM, IMM). This data was analyzed according to sex and age. Additionally, infraorbital and mental foramen were classified into 5 positions based on the anatomic relationships to the nearest perpendicular dentition. Results: The review identified 137 patients meeting study criteria. Supraorbital foramina was more often in the shape of a foramen (62%) than that of a notch (38%). The supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramina were located 33.7 mm, 37.1 mm, and 33.7 mm away from the midline. The mean vertical distance between IOF and IOM was 13.4 mm. The mean distance between MF and IMM was 21.0 mm. The IOF and MF most commonly coincided with upper and lower second premolar dentition, respectively. Between the sex, the distance between MF and IMM was significantly higher for males than for female. In a correlation analysis, SOF-FM, IOF-FM and MF-FM values were significantly increased with age, but IOF-IOM values were significantly decreased with age. Conclusion: In the current study, we have reported anthropometric data concerning facial foramina in the Korean population, using a large-scale data analysis of three-dimensional computed tomography of facial skeletons. The correlations made respect to patient sex and age will provide help to operating surgeons when considering nerve blocks and periosteal dissections around the facial foramina.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.211-235
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• 2010

본 연구는 장애인 사회보장수급권의 실효성 기준에 관한 연구이다. 시민권론과 기본권론 그리고 장애인 복지 논의들을 결합하여 장애인 사회보장수급권의 실효성을 가늠할 수 있는 기준을 마련함으로써, 장애인을 위한 사회보장이 명목적이지 않고 실효적으로 존재하기 위해 요구되는 구체적인 지침을 제시하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 일반적인 사회보장수급권의 실효성 논의를 토대로 사회보장수급권의 4대권리 영역과 5대 일반원칙을 도출하고, 이를 장애인의 3대 사회보장 영역에 적용할 수 있도록 확대하였다. 또한 장애인 집단의 특수성을 반영한 구체적인 기준을 설정하였다. 각 기준들을 개별 법률에 적용하는 동 기준의 측정치는 '높다'와 '낮다'이다. 이러한 장애인 사회보장수급권의 실효성에 관한 기준 연구는 다음과 같은 함의가 존재한다. 첫째, 정책적 측면에서 동 기준은 장애인 사회보장 제도의 수준에 대한 객관적인 인식을 가능하게 한다. 둘째, 이론적 측면에서 동 연구는 학제간 연구를 통해 일반적인 사회보장수급권의 실효성에 대한 논의를 보다 확장시킴과 동시에 장애인 사회보장수급권의 실효성 기준을 구체적으로 제시함으로써 실증 연구의 토대를 마련하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권11호
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• pp.1843-1847
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• 2013

유채화분에 대한 일반성분 및 이화학적 변화를 최소화 시키면서 효과적으로 미생물을 제어할 수 있는 감마선 조사의 적정 선량을 확인하고자 유채화분에 0 kGy, 5 kGy, 10 kGy, 15 kGy로 감마선 조사를 실시하였다. 품질 특성 및 미생물 실험결과 조사선량에 따른 차이는 나타내었지만 전체적인 유채화분의 일반성분에 큰 차이는 없었으며 미생물의 경우 곰팡이 및 대장균군은 5 kGy 조사로 총균 및 효모는 10 kGy 조사로 검출되지 않았다(<$10^2$ CFU/g). 환원당 함량은 조사선량 증가에 따른 유의차를 보이지 않았다. 명도, 적색도, 황색도는 조사선량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며 지질산화는 조사선량이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 나타낸 반면 휘발성 염기태 질소의 함량은 감마선 조사에 의해 영향을 받지 않았다. 따라서 감마선 조사에 대한 일반성분 및 이화학적 변화를 최소화하면서 화분에서 독소를 생성하는 곰팡이를 효과적으로 제어할 수 있는 감마선 조사선량은 5 kGy인 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.897-899
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• 2012

본 연구는 대구획으로 경지정리된 후 5년차인 1 ha의 논 및 4대강 주변의 리모델링 농경지 밭을 대상으로 하여 그에 따른 화학적 특성들을 조사하여 그 포장내의 공간변이를 파악하고 각 성분들간의 상호관련성을 비교하고자 수행되었다. 5년차인 1 ha의 논에서 5 m 간격으로 총 $20{\times}20=400$점의 시료를 채취하여 분석에 이용하였으며 매립적토형 인위토양은 10 m 간격으로 $6{\times}9=54$점의 시료를 채취하였다. 화학성분 중 pH, 유효인산, 유기물함량 등을 분석하여 그 결과를 해석하였다. pH는 구미지역에서 7.1로 높게 나타났으며, 유효인산 및 유기물함량의 경우 모두 변이계수가 높았으며 이는 한 포장 내에서도 상당히 불균일하다고 볼 수 있었다. 왜도(skewness)와 첨도(kurtosis) 등은 그 절대값으로 볼 때 거의 정규분포에 가까운 형태로 보이고 있다. 안성의 논에서는 유효인산 (72.8) ${\fallingdotseq}$ pH(73.8) < 유기물(159.3)의 순, 구미의 밭에서는 유기물(6.5) < 유효인산(33.5) < pH(46.6)의 순으로 Range값이 높아졌다. 이는 상대적으로 5년된 토양에서보다 0년차의 토양에서 시료채취를 많이 해야 한다는 의미로 해석할 수 있었다.