• 간호행정학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.337-353
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• 1999

This study is to provide the basic sources to develop educational data that can establish ethical values with research on the interrelation between moral development and ethical values of nurses. The subjects of this study are the convenience sample from 111 nurses working in clinical settings from 5 general hospitals located in Pusan area. The questionnairs for this study are comprised two parts: Part 1 is SRM-SF(1995) guestionnaire, and translated by Kil, 1m Ju(1997): Part 2 is the guestion papers about the ethical values, and disigned by Jung, Hee Ja. The data were collected from June lth to 31th, 1997 and analyzed by S.A.S(Statistical Analysis System) Package for frequency, percent, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of the study is as the followings: 1) According to the moral development. the nurses are in the levels of Stage3 or Transition3/4, which are generally focused on the personal relations or personality. Thus, nurses are considered to need to get the stage4 of education that helps them recognize a person as a member of society. a family as an unit of society, and human life as the values of human dignity. 2) According to the ethical values, nurses have the positive ethical values of respecting the right of the patients, providing information, keeping the secret, truth. and credit of patients. But they also experience some troubles by the patients to care and the clinical situation. Thus, to overcome the problems, nurses are considered to need to get the education that establishs the right ethical values. 3) The analysis result on the interrelation between moral development level and ethical values shows as r=0.28 and p=0.003. This indicates that the interrelation between them is low. In conclusion, it is considered that the moral development level is viewed broadly from a person and family to a society, and then it can affect to the ethical values positively.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.405-435
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• 2019

최근 수학교육에서 가치(values)에 대한 재조명과 함께 교사와 학생의 수학 교수·학습에 대한 가치 연구가 부각되는 반면에, 국내에서는 이에 대한 연구가 많지 않다. 본 논문은 초등수학교육에 전문성을 가진 한 수석교사가 5학년 학생들을 대상으로 수학 수업을 실행하였을 때 학생들이 수석교사의 가치를 어떻게 인식하는지, 수업 전후에 수학 학습 가치의 변화가 있는지를 분석한 것이다. 연구 결과 학생들은 수석교사가 수학 수업에서 이해, 예습·복습, 그림, 문제, 이유 등을 중요하게 생각하는 것으로 인식하였고, 특히 이해를 수석교사의 핵심가치로 인식하고 있었다. 학생들의 일반적 수학 학습 가치 및 개인적 수학 학습 가치를 분석하였을 때, 수업 전후에 동일하게 예습·복습을 가장 중요하게 인식하고 있었으나, 변화의 측면에서 보면 이해의 가치에서 가장 큰 변화를 보였다. 학생들은 자신이 인식한 수석교사의 가치를 있는 그대로 수용하기 보다는 능동적으로 가치를 재구성하는 양상을 보였다. 이와 같은 연구 결과를 토대로 본 논문은 수학 학습에서 학생들의 가치를 고려하는 것과 관련한 시사점을 제공한다.

• 대한치료과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2018

Objective: We developed an ergonomic pruning shears that allows the user to freely adjust the width of the grip and conducted this study to examine the effects of the pruning shears on grip strength and the fatigue of the fingers. Method: The maximum grip strength was first measured with an digital dynamometer, and the maximum grip strength was measured again after the subjects repeated scissoring 100 times using general pruning shears or ergonomic pruning shears. Borg's CR-10 scale was used to measure subjective fatigue after using the two pruning shears. Results: When the grip strength values after using the two pruning shears were compared with each other the mean grip strength after using ergonomic pruning shears was 27.69 kg, which was higher than that after using general pruning shears, 25.73 kg (p<.05). The subjective fatigue when the two pruning shears were used was shown to be 3.6 points for general pruning shears and 1.73 points for ergonomic pruning shears (p<.05). Conclusion: After repeating scissoring 100 times, the fatigue of the fingers was lower when ergonomic pruning shears were used than when general pruning shears were used and grip strength was higher when ergonomic pruning shears were used than when general pruning shears were used.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.201-207
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• 2010

In this study, the SIP (Soil-cement Injected precast Pile) method among the Low-vibration & Low-noise pile driving methods was decided into study compensation. Ground vibrations by the SIP methods step by step divide and were analyzed. Quantitative response values and ground vibration equations with reliability were presented from findings of this study. Also, vibration responses that are occurred by the SIP method of construction were compared as quantitative with vibration responses by general method of construction that are presented in existent study. Ground vibration values by the SIP method correspond to level of 17 ~ 57% of values that are assumed by the Attewell & Famer's equation, respectively, and these result compares in reliability 50% and separated distance 10 ~ 50 m. Also, those values were analyzed that correspond to level of 14 ~ 96% of ground vibration values by the Prof. Park's equation, respectively. Construction limit extents, separation distances from vibration occurs position, were presented that can satisfy domestic criteria for vibration control for the SIP methods. Those presented in this paper were divided newly according to reliability.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.870-872
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• 2007

Sensor networks have been widely applied for data collection. Due to the energy limitation of the sensor nodes and the most energy consuming data transmission, we should allocate as much work as possible to the sensors, such as data compression and aggregation, to reduce data transmission and save energy. Querying extreme values is a general query type in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a novel querying method called Two-Level Filter (TLF) for querying extreme values in wireless sensor networks. We first divide the whole sensor network into domains using the Distributed Data Aggregation Model (DDAM). The sensor nodes report their data to the cluster heads using push method. The advantages of two-level filter lie in two aspects. When querying extreme values, the number of pull operations has the lower boundary. And the query results are less affected by the topology changes of the wireless sensor network. Through this method, the sensors preprocess the data to share the burden of the base station and it combines push and pull to be more energy efficient.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.14-25
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• 1973

The measurements includings 22 items such as height, weight, body width were carried out for Korean male and female students, one hundred each, from 18 to 24 years old. The correlation coefficient was calculated for every two items. The values are basic for the Clothing construction and the Pattern grading. The results are as follows : 1) The measuring values are as shown in Table 1 and the index are as shown in Table 2. 2) The correlation coefficient of length to length is larger than that of length to girth and that of length to width. The correlation coefficient of girth to girth is larger than girth to length and that of girth to width. The correlation coefficient of width to width does not show remarkable difference from those of others. 3) The correlation coefficient values of weight to lengths, weight to lengths, weight to girths and weight to width are larger. Among these, the correlation coefficient of weight to girths is the largest. 4) The correlation coefficient in general shows almost positive values except a few exception showing negative values. 5) No meaning differences are found between males and females.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.95-126
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• 2001

Functional values for wastewater treatment and atmospheric regulation in coastal wetland and rice paddy ecosystems are quantified, and an illustration is given on how to integrate biophysical parameters into a valuation framework. This is one of most controversial issues in economic analysis for wetland preservation versus wetland conversion to agricultural use. This paper includes theoretical considerations for estimating functional values of environmental ecosystems, and the integration of biophysical data and replacement cost method employed. Specific physical and geographical characteristics and data on ecosystem functions and services in coastal wetlands and rice paddies are addressed for evaluating their values in economic terms. In particular this paper indicates double counting problems and overestimation in the previous studies, and demonstrates how to avoid them and to maintain the consistency of valuation process involving a least-cost method, thus enables an accurate integration of the coastal wetland ecology and wetland economics. As a result which is far away from the previous studies, the total economic present value of wastewater assimilation by coastal wetland is estimated at 7,484,640 won/ha, and the net present value of positive effect for atmospheric regulation, negative effects for air pollution and water pollution by rice paddy is estimated at -37,934 won/ha, assuming that resources are infinitely long-lived and the annual value and the rate of discount (10%) is constant every year. In conclusion, for further reliability and validity of functional values for natural resources it is very noteworthy that a general equilibrium framework that could directly incorporate the interdependence between ecosystem functions and services would be preferred to the partial equilibrium framework.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2003

일반적으로 퍼지객체지향자료모형에서 속성값은 퍼지집합을 표현한다. 만일 퍼지객체지향자료모형에서 속성값을 구간값 퍼지집합으로 표현할 수 있다면, 퍼지객체지향자료모형에서 사용하는 속성값을 더 유연하게 표현하는 것이 가능하다. 퍼지객체지향자료모형의 상속구조에 나타나는 프레임내에 있는 속성값을 구하기 위해 구간값 퍼지집합을 사용하는 우선순위 논리곱연산을 이용하여 계산한다. 이 방법은 속성값의 소속정도가 기존의 퍼지집합이 아닌 구간값 퍼지집합으로 표현하는 지식정보처리분야에서 사용할 수 있다.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.745-763
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• 2021

For a value s ∈ ℂ∪ {∞}, two meromorphic functions f and g are said to share the value s, CM, (or IM), provided that f(z)-s and g(z)-s have the same set of zeros, counting multiplicities, (respectively, ignoring multiplicities). We say that a meromorphic function f shares s ∈ Ŝ partially with a meromorphic function g if E(s, f) ⊆ E(s, g). It is easy to see that "partially shared values CM" are more general than "shared values CM". With the help of partially shared values, in this paper, we prove some uniqueness results between a non-constant meromorphic function and its generalized differences or shifts. We exhibit some examples to show that the result of Charak et al. [8] is not true for k = 2 or k = 3. We find some gaps in proof of the result of Lin et al. [24]. We not only correct these resuts, but also generalize them in a more convenient way. We give a number of examples to validate certain claims of the main results of this paper and also to show that some of conditions are sharp. Finally, we pose some open questions for further investigation.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2015

Owing to the increase in price of cigarettes in Korea, herbal cigarettes have received increasing attention as a non-smoking aid; however, its safety has hardly been studied. We analyzed some of the toxic components in the mainstream smoke of herbal cigarettes, performed a mutagenicity test on smoke condensates for safety assessment, and compared the results with the corresponding values of a general cigarette with the same tar content. Herbal cigarette "A" was smoked using automatic smoking machine under ISO conditions in a manner similar to general cigarette "T". The tar content measured was higher than that inscribed on the outside of a package. The mainstream smoke of herbal cigarette "A" did not contain detectable levels of tobacco-specific nitrosamines and nicotine. Carbon monoxide and benzo(${\alpha}$)pyrene contents in herbal cigarette "A" were higher than those in the general cigarette "T". The phenolic contents such as hydroquinone, resorcinol, and catechol in herbal cigarette "A" were higher than those in the general cigarette "T", but cresol contents in herbal cigarette "A" were lower than those in the general cigarette "T". The content of aromatic amines such as 4-aminobiphenyl in herbal cigarette "A" was higher than that in the general cigarette "T"; however, this difference was not statistically significant. On the other hand, 1-aminonaphthalene, 2-aminonaphthalene, and 3-aminobiphenyl contents in herbal cigarette "A" were lower than those in the general cigarette "T". The smoke condensates of herbal cigarette "A" exhibited a higher mutagenic potential than the condensates from the general cigarette "T" at the same concentration. We concluded that the mainstream smoke of herbal cigarette contains some toxic components, the smoke condensates of herbal cigarettes are mutagenic similar to general cigarette because of combustion products, and that the evaluation of the chemical and biological safety of all types of herbal cigarettes available on the market.