• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.123-139
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• 1995

This study investigated the stress of community residents in Kwang-Ju and Chonnam areas by using the General Health questionnaire(GHQ-60) as a instrument of stress measurement. The number of subjects were 445 residents who lived in three areas(large city, middle city, and rural area) and they were individually interviewed in March, 1994. The results of study showed that the degrees of stress measured by GHQ-60 were statistically significant in the residents' area, age, sex variables: (a) the residents in middle city among three areas had the highest level of stress; (b) the residents who were more than 60 in age had the highest level of stress: (c) the female residents had more stress than male residents, (d) particularly, the residents who were more than 60 years old in the middle city had the highest level of stress. Further, the results of factor analysis showed that there were three factors of social dysfunction, depression and anxiety and psychosomatic symptom. The social dysfunction factor was statistically significant in both age and resident area variables. The depression and anxiety factor was statistically significant in the residents' area, age, sex variables. The psychosomatic symptom factor was statistically significant in both age and sex variables. The study suggested that they should give a special attention to solve the old people's stress because stress was closely related to residents' age.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 1997

This study was aimed to investigate dysfunctional attitudes, stress coping strategies and depressive symptoms in psychiatric patients. The subjects of this study consisted of 210 patients(138 schizophrenic patients, 29 depression patients, 43 alcohol dependence patients) according to DSM-IV criteria. Futhermore, the instruments were K-BDI(Beck Depression Inventory-Korean version), DAS(Dysfunctional Attitude Scale) and multidimensional coping strategy scale. The results were the following. 1) There were statistically significant correlations between depressive symptoms and dysfunctional attitudes in psychiatric patients. 2) In terms of coping strategies, there were positive correlations between depressive symptoms and focus on and venting emotions, accommodation, active forgetting, self-criticism, positive comparison, fatalism, passive withdrawal. Whereas, there was significant negative correlation between depressive symptom and active coping. 3) In terms of coping strategies, there were significant correlations between dysfunctional attitudes and focus on and venting emotions, active forgetting, self-criticism, positive comparison, fatalism, passive withdrawal. 4) Depression groups reported significantly higher BDI scores than schizophrenia groups. 5) In depression groups, DAS scores were significantly higher than those in schizophrenia groups. 6) In terms of coping strategies according to diagnosis, there were significant differences in venting emotions, active forgetting and self-criticism. As for venting emotions, alcoholic groups were scored significantly higher than schizophrenic groups. As for active forgetting, depression groups were scored significantly higher than schizophrenic groups. In self-criticism, depression groups and alcohol dependence groups reported significantly higher scores than schizophrenic groups.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2011

Objectives: Previous investigations have presented some evidence of late cognitive effects in dental personnel exposed to metallic mercury. We wanted to examine if Norwegian dentists have an increased prevalence of symptoms consistent with neurological and/or cognitive malfunction. Methods: The study group consisted of 406 dentists from central Norway and 217 controls from the general population, all under the age of 70. They had responded to a standardised postal questionnaire (Euroquest) inquiring about seven symptoms in regard to neurology, psychosomatics, memory, concentration, mood, sleep disturbances, and fatigue. A score was calculated for each symptom based on 4 to 15 single questions scored on a scale from 1 (seldom or never) to 4 (very often). Results: The dentists and controls had a participation rate of 57.2 % and 42.9 % respectively. The dentists reported no more cognitive symptoms than the controls, with low average symptom scores from 1.16 for neurological symptoms in males to 1.73 for fatigue in females. Corresponding figures for the controls were 1.22 and 1.77. There were a total of 1.2 % of the dentists and 1.8 % of the controls who reported having three or more of the seven symptoms "often" or more frequently. Conclusion: Norwegian dentists do not report more cognitive and neurological symptoms than controls from the general population.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.224-237
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• 2004

Background & Object : It is well known that functional dyspepsia is one of the most common diseases. While many dyspepsia patients have been helped with oriental medical therapy, there has not been a study based on the concepts of oriental medicine. The aim of this study was to perform a fundamental epidemiological survey and to analyse the symptom pattern of functional dyspepsia. Methods : 86 patients(27 males, 59 females) diagnosed with functional dyspepsia in Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center from May to December 2002 were involved in this investigation. The disease characteristics of functional dyspepsia(based on Rome criteria II) and the Qui Xue Shui diagnostic procedure were investigated by questionnaire and physical examination. The total score and composition ratio of each comprehensive diagnosis were calculated from the symptom score described in the questionnaire. Results : The total score from the Qui Xue Shui diagnostic procedure was found to be influenced by the number of functional dyspepsia symptoms(p=0.026) and the patient's own cognition of their current dyspeptic situation(p=0.006), in addition to digestive ability and general congnition(p=0.006), and was not associated with sex, duration of dyspeptic symptoms in one year, or the total illness period, In the composition ratio of the Qui Xue Shui diagnostic procedure, only Qui-yu(p=0.048) diagnosis was accurate regarding the number of symptoms in one year, total illness period, or the patients' own congnition of their current dyspeptic situation, But the value of the composition ratio among the total factors involved was most similar to that of sex. Conclusions : Thus, it is shown here that the total score of using the Qui Xue Shui diagnostic procedure is mainly dependent on dyspeptic symptoms and the patinets' own cognition of their current dyspeptic situation, and that regular symptom patterns in the Qui Xue Shui diagnostic procedure exist in dyspeptic patients.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2009

Cognitive degree of musculoskeletal symptoms and existence (or non-existence) of experience was conducted following dental hygienists' health habits, heath state and working environment targeting dental hygienists who were working for the dental clinics in Masan-si, Changwon-si and Jinhae-si in Gyeongsangnam-do for one year or more. The research findings were as follows. 1. Cognitive degree of musculoskeletal symptom following general characteristics was the highest among the subjects who were 40 years old or above. 2. As for the education level, cognitive degree of musculoskeletal symptoms was high while prevalence was low, which were statistically significant when the education level was higher. 3. Cognitive degree of musculoskeletal symptom was high when the subjects exercised, and cognitive degree of musculoskeletal symptom and prevalence were significantly high when they are engaged in leisure activities or hobbies. 4. Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was statistically high if they are afflicted with disease, if they feel burdened by their job, if they suffer from considerable physical fatigue, if they feel chronic fatigue or if they feel that their health state is poor. 5. Cognitive degree of musculoskeletal symptom and prevalence were higher, which was statistically significant, when the number of years worked was higher. 6. Cognitive degree of musculoskeletal symptom was higher, but prevalence was lower when the time that they were seated was longer. This research demonstrated that the musculoskeletal disorders related to their job that afflicts the dental hygienists is not caused by one element, but it is possible to see that the musculoskeletal disorders results from the interaction of the diverse elements that are interrelated such as the subjects' characteristics and health habits and heath state, working environment and so forth including inappropriate work related movements. To this, dental hygienists need to improve their health habits so that they can form proper health habits that will ensure health in every day life on their own with the improvement of their every day life habit and positive self-evaluation to act on the health promotion behaviors, education and publicity, and measures to prevent and to manage musculoskeletal disorders in overall need to bepursued after in an active manner.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2011

목적: 일반 2D영상과 anaglyph 3D입체 영상을 시청했을 때 나타나는 자각 증상과 입체시 관련성을 비교 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 20-30세의 대학생 70명(남 38명, 여 32명)을 대상으로 2D영상과 적록안경방식의 anaglyph 3D영상을 각각 30분 시청한 후 자각 증상을 설문 조사하였고, 2D영상과 3D영상 시청 전 후의 Titmus circles 및 TNO입체시를 평가하여 시각적 자각 증상과 입체시의 상관관계를 평가하였다. 결과: 2D영상과 3D영상 시청 후의 시각과 비시각적 자각 증상 모두 3D영상에서 높게 나타났다. 편광방식의 Titmus circles 입체시는 2D 및 3D영상 시청전과 후의 변화는 없는 것으로 나타났지만 적록안경방식의 TNO 입체시는 3D영상을 시청 후 더 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 3D영상 시청 후 시각적 자각 증상과 TNO 입체시는 증가하였고, 뚜렷한 상관관계(r=0.605)를 보였다. 결론: 시청 전의 입체시가 좋으면 3D영상 시청에서 상대적으로 시각적 자각 증상은 낮았다. 그러나 단시간 anaglyph 3D영상 시청에서 자각 증상이 증가되며, TNO 입체시의 향상은 시각적 자각 증상 완화와 관련성이 낮은 것으로 평가된다. 이러한 경향은 적록안경방식의 anaglyph 3D영상에 대한 적응 과정의 하나로 여겨진다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

Objectives: This research was aimed 1) to find out various subjective symptoms cancer patients had, 2) to find out the quantitative difference of symptoms occurring according to the area of cancer, current treatment methods, and relapse of the cancer and 3) to analyze the relationship between the occurrence of symptoms. Methods: This study was a survey about the various subjective symptoms cancer patients had. The subjects were 48 cancer patients in a double-blinded randomized controlled trial about the effectiveness of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) treatments. Surveys were examined before Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) treatments. The questionnaire consisted of demographic research, patient history and accompanying symptoms. The symptoms part consisted of 4 questions on general symptoms (vertigo, hot flush, rash, insomnia), 2 questions on digestion symptoms (anorexia, dyspepsia), 2 questions on excretions (diarrhea, constipation), and 5 questions on symptoms in different body parts (headache, dryness of lips, chest pain, aphthous ulcer, nose bleeding). The questionnaire was used to research presence of symptoms and relationships between the occurrence of symptoms. Results: A total of 48 patients took part in this survey. Dizziness was the most frequent subjective symptom patients had (64.58%), followed by dry mouth (43.75%), headache (43.75%), insomnia (41.67%), anorexia (37.5%) and chest discomfort (37.5%). The presence of these subjective symptoms was partially related to the patient's history details - type of cancer, method of cancer treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy), termination of treatment, presence of pain, fatigue and recurrence, etc. Factor analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between the occurrence of symptoms. It suggested 5 factors as a result, but there was a limitation that only a low level of correlation was shown among them. Conclusions: We were able to analyze the occurrences and the relationships among them for accompanying subjective symptoms in cancer patients. However the results of the study are limited in that only 48 patients participated. The symptoms in cancer patients showed a tendency for clustering, occurring simultaneously or continuously rather than occurring alone. The study of these symptom clusters is worth further study, for it is similar to the Symptom Differentiation System in Traditional Korean Medicine. For effective approach to the treatment of cancer in Traditional Korean Medicine, further research on the Korean traditional view of cancer patients should be done based on this research, regarding various symptoms and those relationships on a larger scale.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2003

목적 : 본 연구는 한국의 암 환자에서 나타나는 증상 발병율과 고통과의 관계를 파악하여 암환자의 통증조절을 위한 초기 평가 도구를 개발하기 위해서 실시하였다. 방법 : 2003년 1월 6일부터 20일 사이에 국내 5개 종합병원에 내원한 암 환자 1%명을 대상으로 하였다. 이들 환자들은 MSAS (Memorial symptom assessment scale)을 이용하여 나타난 증상에 대해 기록하였다. 결과 : 가장 흔한 증상은 무기력(82.1%), 구갈(73.5%), 통증(73.5%) 등이었고 흔한 증상 24가지 중에서 고통 지수가 높은 증상은 구갈(2.11), 가려움증(2.07), 통증(2.03) 등이었다. 통증과 정신 심리학적 증상을 제외하고 빈도와 고통 지수가 높았던 10가지 증상을 평가 항목으로 선정하였다. 결론 : 이들 10가지 증상은 한국의 암 환자에서 발병율과 고통 지수가 높은 증상들이다. 따라서 이들 증상들에 대한 평가가 암 환자에서 통증 조절을 위한 통증 초기 평가 도구를 개발하는데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.531-538
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 일부 치과종사자들의 근무환경 및 건강습관에 따른 근골격계 증상 경험률과 근골격계 증상의 영향요인을 분석하기 위하여 2009년 3월 9일부터 3월 28일까지 충청도에 소재한 치과종사자 200명을 대상으로 자기기입식 설문법을 실시하였으며, SPSS WIN 12.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 연구대상자의 1년간 근골격계 증상 경험률을 신체부위별로 나누어 보면 어깨 60.5%, 하지(다리, 무릎, 발) 57.0%, 요부(등, 허리) 56.0%, 목 51.0%, 상지(팔, 손목, 손가락) 32.0%, 순으로 조사되었다. 2. 일반적 특성별 근골격계 증상 경험을 살펴보면 성별, 연령, 학력, 직위, 건강상태에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 근무환경에서는 근무경력, 일평균 진료환자수, 일평균 근무 시간수, 진료시 자세, 근무 만족도에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 건강습관에서는 규칙적인 운동, 정기검진, 규칙적인 식습관에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이의 보였다. 3. 근골격계 증상에 미치는 영향요인을 분석한 결과 근무환경 특성에서는 근무만족, 건강습관 특성에서는 규칙적인 운동 요인이 근골격계 증상 경험에 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.604-612
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of physical symptoms, anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QOL) during chemotherapy for colorectal cancer patients in South Korea and to identify factors influencing their QOL. Methods: Data were collected from 144 colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy during 2012 at one general hospital located in Seoul. Physical symptoms were measured by the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory-Gastrointestinal Cancer Module, and anxiety and depression were measured by the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale. QOL was measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ post hoc test, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Mean age of the participants was 56.6 and most of them were not employed. In terms of cancer stage, 38.2% were in stage 3, followed by stage 4 (34.7%). The most frequent symptom was lack of appetite, followed by sleep disturbance and fatigue. The mean score for anxiety was 5.40 with a prevalence of 23% and that of depression 8.85 with a prevalence of 64.6%. The mean score for quality of life was 81.93 out of 136 and 75.3% of the variance in QOL was explained by depression, symptoms, anxiety, treatment place, and occupational status. Depression was the strongest predictive factor. Conclusion: Oncology professionals need to pay special attention to relieving depression as well as physical symptoms to improve QOL during chemotherapy for colorectal cancer patients.