• 한국가금학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2022

본 연구는 토종실용닭 암수 간의 생산 특성 및 생리적 특성을 비교하고자 이들의 산육 능력, 강건성 및 스트레스 반응 정도를 살펴보았다. 시험은 토종실용닭 암컷 608수와 수컷 479수를 대상으로 1일령부터 12주간 실시하였다. 산육 능력의 평가는 체중, 사료 섭취량, 사료요구율을 조사하였고, 강건성 및 스트레스 반응 정도의 측정은 생존율, 텔로미어 함유율, DNA 손상률, heterophil-lymphocyte 비율, HSP-70, HSP-90α 및 HSP-90β 유전자 발현율을 분석하였다. 시험 결과, 암수 간의 체중은 2주령부터 시험 종료 시까지 수컷이 암컷보다 유의하게 높았고(P<0.01), 사료 이용성은 시험 전기간 수컷이 암컷보다 많은 사료를 섭취한 반면 낮은 사료요구율을 보였다. 시험 전 기간 생존율은 암컷이 82.8%, 수컷이 73.8%로 암컷이 수컷보다 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). 스트레스 반응 지표 분석 결과, 텔로미어 함유율, DNA 손상률, heterophil-lymphocyte 비율 및 HSP 유전자 발현율 모두에서 암컷과 수컷 간의 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 토종실용닭 암수 간의 산육 능력과 생존율의 차이는 있으나 스트레스 반응 정도의 차이는 없는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 토종실용닭의 생산성 측면에서 암수의 생리적 특성과 무관하게 암컷과 수컷을 분리하여 사육하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2006

The IscA gene, encoding a levansucrase of 424 amino acids (aa) residues, was cloned from the genomic DNA of Pseudomonas aurantiaca S-4380, and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant levansucrase overexpressed in E. coli was then used to produce levan from sucrose. Levan crystals with 98% purity could be obtained from the reaction mixture with $62\%$ yield using an alcohol precipitation method. The molecular weight of the levan was $7\times10^5$ daltons. Methylation studies showed that the levan was branched: main linkage C-2,6; branched linkage C-2,1; and degree of branching $6\%$. Three bacterial levans from different strains were incubated with levan fructotransferase (LFTase) from Arthrobacter ureafaciens K2032, which produced $di-\beta-D-fructofuranose$ dianhydride IV (DFA IV); final conversion yields from the levans to DFA IV were $39\%$ in Zymomonas mobilis, $53\%$ in Serratia levanicum, and $59\%$ in P. aurantiaca S-4380 levansucrase. The levan from P. aurantiaca S-4380 levansucrase gave the highest conversion yield of levan to DFAIV so far reported.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2009

The study of candidate genes is an important tool to identify genes associated with economic traits. Three genes were selected to study the association between polymorphism and economic traits and breed of pigs. Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) takes part in growth metabolism and is one of the candidate genes known to be highly associated with economic traits in pigs. Heart fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) is related to back fat thickness and intramuscular fat (IMF) content, and myogenin (MYOG) is associated with the amount of growth rate and lean yield in pigs. By PCR-RFLP analysis, the association between the genotypes of the three genes and the average daily gain, back fat thickness, feed conversion, body length and meat percent in 352 pigs (112 Duroc pigs, 132 Landrace pigs and 108 Yorkshire pigs) were analyzed. GHRH polymorphisms showed differences depending on breed (p<0.01) and were associated with meat percent. H-FABP polymorphisms also showed significant differences among breeds and sex (p<0.01), and were highly associated with average daily gain, feed conversion and back fat thickness (p<0.01) and even showed an association with meat percent (p<0.05). However, the MYOG gene showed no significant effect in this study. These results reconfirmed that GHRH and H-FABP are potential major genes or markers for economic traits.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.934-953
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• 2021

Ciglitazone is a member of the thiazolidinedione family, and specifically binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), thereby promoting adipocyte differentiation. We hypothesized that ciglitazone as a PPARγ ligand in the absence of an adipocyte differentiation cocktail would increase adiponectin and adipogenic gene expression in bovine satellite cells (BSC). Muscle-derived BSCs were isolated from six, 18-month-old Yanbian Yellow Cattle. The BSC were cultured for 96 h in differentiation medium containing 5 µM ciglitazone (CL), 10 µM ciglitazone (CM), or 20 µM ciglitazone (CH). Control (CON) BSC were cultured only in a differentiation medium (containing 2% horse serum). The presence of myogenin, desmin, and paired box 7 (Pax7) proteins was confirmed in the BSC by immunofluorescence staining. The CL, CM, and CH treatments produced higher concentrations of triacylglycerol and lipid droplet accumulation in myotubes than those of the CON treatment. Ciglitazone treatments significantly increased the relative expression of PPARγ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), C/EBPβ, fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, and perilipin 2. Ciglitazone treatments increased gene expression of Pax3 and Pax7 and decreased expression of myogenic differentiation-1, myogenin, myogenic regulatory factor-5, and myogenin-4 (p < 0.01). Adiponectin concentration caused by ciglitazone treatments was significantly greater than CON (p < 0.01). RNA sequencing showed that 281 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the treatments of ciglitazone. DEGs gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the top 10 GO enrichment significantly changed the biological processes such as protein trimerization, negative regulation of cell proliferation, adipocytes differentiation, and cellular response to external stimulus. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that DEGs were involved in the p53 signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, biosynthesis of amino acids, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway. These results indicate that ciglitazone acts as PPARγ agonist, effectively increases the adiponectin concentration and adipogenic gene expression, and stimulates the conversion of BSC to adipocyte-like cells in the absence of adipocyte differentiation cocktail.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.437-443
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• 2010

To be economically profitable, the poultry industry demands an increase in stocking density, which could adversely affect chicken welfare. The current study was performed to investigate the effect of stocking density on stress-related, heat shock protein genes (HSP70 and HSP90), 3-hydroxyl-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) gene and telomere length in broiler chickens. Seven-day-old broiler chickens were housed at High (0.0578 $m^2$/bird), Standard (0.077 $m^2$/bird) and Low (0.116 $m^2$/bird) stocking densities with 8 replicates each until 35 d of age. The growth performance, such as body weight gain and average daily feed intake, was found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher in the Low density group, but these parameters did not show any difference between the High and Standard groups. Other growth performance, such as feed conversion ratio and final feed intake, showed no difference among the treated groups. The expression levels of HSP70 and HMGCR were found to be elevated with the increase of stocking density. The expression level of these genes was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the High density stocked group compared with the other groups, whereas the expression levels were not significantly different between the Low and Standard groups. The expression levels of HSP90 did not show any significant changes among the treated groups. The telomeric length of the birds housed in High density was reduced significantly (p<0.05) when compared to that of the birds in Low density. These results clearly indicate that birds stocked at high density show physiological adaptive changes indicative of stress at gene transcriptional and telomere levels.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.512-526
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• 2020

Synthetic nitrite is considered an undesirable preservative for meat products; thus, controlling synthetic nitrite concentrations is important from the standpoint of food safety. We investigated 1,000 species of microorganisms from various kimchi preparations for their potential use as a starter culture for the production of nitrites. We used 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis to select a starter culture with excellent nitrite and nitric oxide productivity, which we subsequently identified as Staphylococcus hominis subspecies hominis WiKim0113. That starter culture was grown in NaCl (up to 9%; w/v) at 10℃-40℃; its optimum growth was observed at 30℃ at pH 4.0-10.0. It exhibited nonproteolytic activity and antibacterial activity against Clostridium perfringens, a bacterium that causes food poisoning symptoms. Analysis of Staphylococcus hominis subspecies hominis WiKim0113 with an API ZYM system did not reveal the presence of β-glucuronidase, and tests of the starter culture on 5% (v/v) sheep blood agar showed no hemolytic activity. Our results demonstrated the remarkable stability of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus hominis subspecies hominis WiKim0113, especially in strain negative for staphylococcal enterotoxins and sensitive to clinically relevant antibiotics. Moreover, Staphylococcus hominis subspecies hominis WiKim0113 exhibited a 45.5% conversion rate of nitrate to nitrite, with nitrate levels reduced to 25% after 36 h of culturing in the minimal medium supplemented with nitrate (200 ppm). The results clearly demonstrated the safety and utility of Staphylococcus hominis subspecies hominis WiKim0113, and therefore its suitability as a starter culture.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.186-191
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• 1994

Staphylococcus aureus로부터 분리한 R-plasmid pSBK203의 복제개시 단백질인 Rep의 작용부위인 ori 및 dsDNA로의 전환을 위해 요구되는 minus origin부위를 밝히고자 시도하였다. Escherichia coli vecotr를 이용하여 pSBK203의 복제관련 부위를 최소한도로 포함하는 재조합 E.coli-Bacillus subtilis shuttle vector를 구성, 분리하고 여기에 포함된 pSBK203부위의 염기 서열을 분석함으로써 ori를 확인하였다. pSBK203의 복제개시 부위 ori는 rep의 구조 유전자 ORF내에서 약 50bp의 크기로 발견되었으며 지금까지 알려진 staphylococcal plasmid들중에서 pT181족 plasmid들의 ori와 높은 상동성을 갖는 것으로 분석되었다. 복제 과정에서 ssDNA로 먼저 만들어진 (+)쇄가 dsDNA로 전환되기 위해 필요한 신호로 작용하는 것으로 알려저 있는 minus origin (M-O)인 긴 palindrome 구조, 즉 pal 부위가 rep 우전자의 상류에서 2개 연이어 존재하는 것이 발견되었다. 이중에서 pOX6, pC194, 및 pE194 등과 같은 다른 staphylococcal plasmid들의 pal 부위와 비교적 높은 상동성을 갖는 paLA 는 plasmid 유지에 별 영향을 미치지 못하는 반면 다른 plasmid에서 유사 서열이 보고되지 않은 palA는 plasmid 유지에 필수적이라는 사실이 밝혀졌다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제53권8호
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• pp.425-430
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• 2020

Tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein (TSG-6) is a cytokine secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and regulates MSC stemness. We previously reported that TSG-6 changes primary human hepatic stellate cells (pHSCs) into stem-like cells by activating yes-associated protein-1 (YAP-1). However, the molecular mechanism behind the reprogramming action of TSG-6 in pHSCs remains unknown. Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is a transmembrane protein that has multiple functions depending on the ligand it is binding, and it is involved in various signaling pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Given that β-catenin influences stemness and acts downstream of CD44, we hypothesized that TSG-6 interacts with the CD44 receptor and stimulates β-catenin to activate YAP-1 during TSG-6-mediated transdifferentiation of HSCs. Immunoprecipitation assays showed the interaction of TSG-6 with CD44, and immunofluorescence staining analyses revealed the colocalization of TSG-6 and CD44 at the plasma membrane of TSG-6-treated pHSCs. In addition, TSG-6 treatment upregulated the inactive form of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, which is a negative regulator of β-catenin, and promoted nuclear accumulation of active/nonphosphorylated β-catenin, eventually leading to the activation of YAP-1. However, CD44 suppression in pHSCs following CD44 siRNA treatment blocked the activation of β-catenin and YAP-1, which inhibited the transition of TSG-6-treated HSCs into stem-like cells. Therefore, these findings demonstrate that TSG-6 interacts with CD44 and activates β-catenin and YAP-1 during the conversion of TSG-6-treated pHSCs into stem-like cells, suggesting that this novel pathway is an effective therapeutic target for controlling liver disease.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2004

Development of efficient plant regeneration and genetic transformation protocols (using the Particle Inflow micro-projectile Gun and the shoot-tips as target tissue) of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench in terms of expression of the reporter gene, $\beta$-glucuronidase(uidA) is reported here. Two Indian cultivars of sorghum were used in the study, viz. M-35-1 and CSV-15. Plant regeneration was achieved from one-week-old seedling shoot-tip explants via multiple-shoot-clumps and also somatic embryos. The multiple-shoot-clumps were produced on MS medium containing BA (0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg/$L^{-1}$), with biweekly subculture. Somatic embryos were directly produced on the enlarged dome shaped expansive structures that developed from shoot-tip explants (without any callus formation) when cultured on MS medium supplemented both with BA (0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg/$L^{-1}$) and 2,4-D (0.5 mg/$L^{-1}$). Whereas each multiple-shoot-clump was capable of regenerating more than 80 shoots via an intensive differentiation of both axillary and adventitious shoot buds, the somatic embryos were capable of 90% germination, plant conversion and regeneration. The regenerated shoots could be efficiently rooted on MS medium containing 1.0mg/$L^{-1}$ IBA and successfully transplanted to the glasshouse and grown to maturity with a survival rate of 92%. The plant regeneration efficiency of both the genotypes were similar. After the micro-projectile bombardment, expression of uidA gene was determined by scoring blue transformed cell sectors in the bombarded tissue by an in situ enzyme assay. The optimal conditions comprising a helium pressure of 2200 K Pa, the target distance of 11 cm with helium inlet fully opened and the use of osmoticum have been defined to aid our future strategies of genetic engineering in sorghum with genes for tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.394-400
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• 2013

A total of 192 broiler chicks were used to evaluate the influence of dietary ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid (ALA) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of broiler chickens with the purpose of developing a strategy to prevent the occurrence of pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) meat and to improve the meat quality of broilers. At 22 d of age, birds were allocated to 4 ALA treatments (0, 400, 800, and 1200 ppm). The results showed that dietary ALA significantly decreased average feed intake (AFI), average daily gain (ADG), final live body weight (BW) and carcass weight (p<0.05), while no difference in feed conversion ratio (FCR) was detected among chickens fed with and without ALA. Abdominal fat weight significantly decreased (p<0.05) for broilers fed 800 and 1200 ppm ALA. However when calculated as the percentage of carcass weight there was no significant difference between control and ALA treatments. Meat quality measurements showed that dietary ALA regulated postmortem glycolysis and improved meat quality as evidenced by increased muscle pH and decreased drip loss of meat (p<0.05). Although ALA did not change the tenderness of meat as indicated by meat shear force, dietary ALA decreased collagen content and mRNA expression of COL3A1 gene (p<0.05). In conclusion, the results indicate that dietary ALA may contribute to the improvement of meat quality in broilers.