• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.219-232
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among mothers' play beliefs, children's gender and home play frequency, and their preferences for three types of play. Methods: Totally 256 mothers of 5-year-olds participated in the survey in metropolitan area. Data were analyzed with t-test, Pearson's correlations, and stepwise multi-regression using SPSS 22.0. Results: First, boys and girls showed little difference in their home play experiences. Boys preferred active and rough play, while girls preferred quiet play. Second, mothers' play beliefs and children's home play frequency had partial correlations with children's play preferences. Third, predictors of children's play preferences were influenced by the types of play. Children's gender and mothers' play beliefs affected children's preference for active play. Only gender explained children's preference for rough play. Finally, children's gender, home play frequency, and mothers' play beliefs influence children's preference for quiet play. Conclusion: In conclusion, gender is an important factor of children's play preferences, and mothers' play beliefs and children's home play frequency affect their preferences for a specific type of play.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.352-367
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• 2021

Purpose: This research aims to examine gender preferences for men and women advertising models in Saudi advertisements. Saudi Arabia is known as one of the most gender-segregated society in the world, and it has gender-specific roles, characteristics, and behaviors that are undesirable for the other gender. Methodology: The questionnaire was developed with the help of earlier studies on perceptions towards advertising models and validated by a jury of experts and focus groups. The gender preferences for ten product categories (including automobiles, baby care products, cigarettes, cosmetics for women, fashion, food & beverages, motorcycles, personal care for men, personal care for women, sporting goods) were examined for men and women models. Similarly, three personal preferences characteristics for both genders (face beauty, voice quality, and Islamic dress), two characteristics for women models (body shape, femininity), and two characteristics for men models (height-weight balance, masculinity) were examined for men and women models separately. Finally, a survey was conducted to solicit responses from respondents (N=412). Findings: Results indicated significant gender preferences for gender-specific product categories and typical gender stereotypes in advertising models. Men models were preferred in men-specific products, and women models were required in women-specific products. Some product categories (including personal care for men and sporting goods) were ranked higher for men advertising models, while for women advertising models, other product categories (including personal care for women and cosmetics for women) were ranked higher. Masculinity was ranked highest as the preferred personal characteristic for men advertising models, while voice quality was highest for women advertising models. Finally, there is a significant difference between the preferred personal characteristic for men and women advertising models for three characteristics, including face beauty, Islamic dress, and masculinity and femininity. Implications: Saudi Arabia is a unique society with predominantly unique cultural dominance. Consequently, local culture greatly influences advertisements. It has stereotyped gender roles even in advertisements. This study will establish a baseline for further research on the subject area.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.537-550
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• 2020

This study attempts to identify gender and age discrimination by individual lenders in P2P lending markets by analyzing empirical transaction data from multiple platforms including Moneyauction, Popfunding, and 8percent. To do this, the study investigates the effects and importance of a borrower's gender and age on individual lenders' preferences and a borrower's actual repayment performance using multiple linear regression and relative weight analyses. As a result, no gender discrimination is found in the three Korean P2P lending markets, and such indiscrimination is rational, on the grounds that the borrower's gender does not have a statistically significant impact on the lenders' preferences as well as his/her actual repayment performance, and its relative importance is minimal. While, there marginally exists age discrimination against a borrower in the markets, and such ageism is likely to be irrational, on the grounds that the borrower's age has a partly significant and minimally important impact on the lenders' preferences, but has no significant and important impact on his/her repayment performance. For the first time, these findings help to clarify gender and age discrimination issues in the P2P lending market by identifying the rationality of individual lenders' preferences to the borrower's gender and age in the Korea.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.204-212
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to find out relationships among Gender Body Ideology, and clothing preferences. Subjects consisted of 75 female elementary school students, 64 female high school students, and their mothers(139) who are currently residing in Daejeon, Korea. The research was a ex-post facto relational study and the instruments for the study were GBI, genderlogy and 24 clothing stimuli for measuring clothing preferences. The reliability and validity of the measuring instruments were verified by results of judge group analysis and pre-tests. The factor analysis of GBI emerged 4 major factors in Being dimension, and 4 major factors in Doing dimension. Medium low correlations existed between the two GBI dimensions, and genderlogy was correlated specially with the Being dimension. Two GBI dimensions and genderlogy effected on preferences and Possessions of some selected design elements, however, GBI showed higher Predicting power for clothing preference.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.659-667
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• 2009

The primary object of this study was to examine both preferences in a variety of foods and snacks and the eating habits among young children (aged 13 months through 50 months old). In addition, this study examined whether there would be significant differences in the preferences and eating habits by of young children of different ages and gender of young children. This study included 193 infants (85 boys, 108 girls) of aged 13 through 50 months of old who were enrolled in early childhood education and care settings in Seoul and Gyunggi Province. The information regarding food and snack preferences among young children were gathered through surveys filled out by their mothers and the children's overall eating habits were assessed by their teachers. The main results of this study were as follows. Overall, there were some patterns in eating bere asss and food preferences in foods and snacks among young children. There were no significant differences in both eating bere asss and food preferences by gender of young children. But, however, there were significant differences in food (p<0.001) and snack preferences (p<0.001) by of children of different ages of young children.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.211-224
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• 2015

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate gender differences in the Korean Medical Community. Methods: Participants in the research study included 90 students regularly attending the fourth grade in Korean Medicine College, of which 48 were male and 42 were female. Results: 1. Patient's preferences for female KMD (Korean Medicine Doctor) had the lowest response rate in Korean Medical Society. Preferences for male KMD were due to factors including comfort level, rationality, good training, and patient's preference. 2. Patient's preferences for female KMD had the highest response rate in Gynecology, and Pediatrics. On the other hand, patient's preferences for female KMD had the lowest response rate in the other 7 specialty subjects. 3. The reasons for gender discrimination against male KMD were lack of subtlety, lack of empathy, authoritative attitude, and lack of patient management skills. The reasons for gender discrimination, against female KMD were childcare burden, social prejudices, lack of physical strength, and housekeeping burdens. Conclusions: The study results indicated that there was a lower preference for female KMD than male KMD among the Korean Medical Society and in patients' consciousness. Male-centered culture of Korean Medical Society had no role in this finding, but masculine image for KMD jobs and work-family double burden for female KMD were important contributing factors.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.73-81
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• 2016

With the increasing popularity of social network services (SNSs), there have been many attempts to analyze the users of SNSs. By doing so, the characteristics and preferences of the users can be understood, which can help companies provide personalized information and services that they need or are relevant for them. This study aimed to analyze the usage behavior of Korean Twitter users from various perspectives to deepen the understanding of it. For this research goal, an online survey was conducted for the users of Twitter and the data about their actual usage were collected using the open API of Twitter. Factor analysis of the data revealed five factors that explain about 69.3% of the usage variables. It was also investigated how the factors are related to gender, age, and brand preferences. The results showed that the usage behavior of Twitter is largely affected by age (p<0.001), and also by gender through an interaction effect (p<0.05). Also, the factors showed significant statistical correlations with the brand preferences of the users.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.296-307
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• 2014

As an educational trial for pursuit of educational excellence in the disadvantaged gifted, this study was to explore learning styles and task preferences by student's grade and gender. Furthermore, this study sought to present the practical basis to develop programs for disadvantaged gifted students. Total 153 disadvantage gifted students responded items of the Learning Styles Inventory-III and the Task Preferences Scale, which responses were analyzed by student's grade and gender in using MANOVA. As the results, the 1st grade disadvantaged gifted students preferred Direct instruction, Technology, and Learning games to the higher grade level students. There were significant differences in task preferences by students' grade level. The 4th grade disadvantaged gifted students preferred Creative tasks and Difficult tasks more than other grade level students.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.216-228
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze pre-school teachers' observation experience and their pre and post degrees of preferences in observing underground and water living things, fungus, insects, flowerless plants and sea lives. Based on the analysis, their pre-observation experience in living things were insects, ocean creatures, underground living things, flowerless plants, fungus and water living things in order. The degree of preferences in flowerless plans based on their gender, the female pre-service teachers showed higher scores than the average in both pre and post test. The male, however, responded higher scores in underground living things in both tests. Their background such as liberal arts or science or arts and physical major affected their preferences scores in water living things, insects and flowerless plans in the post test, and the science major pre-service teachers showed the highest degree of preferences in insects among the liberal arts, science or arts and physical major pre-teachers in the post test. In conclusion, there were different degree of their preferences affected by the pre observation experience, gender difference, their present majors such as the liberal arts, science or arts and physical major, the categories of living things but not in their high school background such as liberal arts or science.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50
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• pp.23-32
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the mothers' preferences for their children's clothing images and color images. Questionaries were analysed by factor analysis cluster analysis one way ANOVA x2 -test. The results are as follow: First the preferred clothing images for children have no differences across gender. The preferred images are active tidy and fashionable. Second the preferred clothing images are according to season. In the case of clothing color images the preferences in spring and summer seasons are differed from fall and winter seasons. Third factors of boy's clothing image were fashionable cute splendid and classic And factors for girl's clothing image were lively tidy fashionable and classic. These factors revealed the differences of preferences between boys and girls clothing image. Fourth the preferences of clothing color image for children changed across seasons. Bright and neat color images were preferred in spring and summer warm and deep color images were preferred in fall and winter. Fifty the preferences of clothing images classified into four groups and each group has the different preference in color tone. Finally Season and gender were revealed to be more important variables in the preferences of children's clothing image and color image.