• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.211-224
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• 2015

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate gender differences in the Korean Medical Community. Methods: Participants in the research study included 90 students regularly attending the fourth grade in Korean Medicine College, of which 48 were male and 42 were female. Results: 1. Patient's preferences for female KMD (Korean Medicine Doctor) had the lowest response rate in Korean Medical Society. Preferences for male KMD were due to factors including comfort level, rationality, good training, and patient's preference. 2. Patient's preferences for female KMD had the highest response rate in Gynecology, and Pediatrics. On the other hand, patient's preferences for female KMD had the lowest response rate in the other 7 specialty subjects. 3. The reasons for gender discrimination against male KMD were lack of subtlety, lack of empathy, authoritative attitude, and lack of patient management skills. The reasons for gender discrimination, against female KMD were childcare burden, social prejudices, lack of physical strength, and housekeeping burdens. Conclusions: The study results indicated that there was a lower preference for female KMD than male KMD among the Korean Medical Society and in patients' consciousness. Male-centered culture of Korean Medical Society had no role in this finding, but masculine image for KMD jobs and work-family double burden for female KMD were important contributing factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.574-585
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• 2009

This study intended to identify regional and gender differences between high school students groups in clothing-wearing motives, casual brand preference and actual purchasing condition. Using a $2{\times}2$ sampling frame, 100 responses were collected for each regional and gender group: male students in Seoul, females in Seoul, males in Gumi, and females in Gumi. In terms of clothing-wearing motives, Gumi students and female students showed more highly extroverted motives than males and Seoul students, respectively. And three groups were determined on the basis of clothing-wearing motives: the extroversion group, the introversion group, and the least clothing-cognizing group. Concerning the brand preference factor, female students showed more dispersed brand preference than males. Adidas and Puma were preferred by all 4 groups. Polo and Guess were preferred by Seoul students, and Clide, Banila B, and TBJ were preferred by female students. The determinants of brand preference were identified as quality, reliability, affirmative image, and some brand personas such as 'neat', 'natural' and 'polished'. The students from Seoul tend to pay more money for clothing than those from Gumi, and Seoul students' main purchasing place was identified as department store while Gumi students shop more at brand chain stores.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.17
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• pp.210-215
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• 1998

The purpose of study was to identify the interior design preference according to age gender and monthly income of subjects. Interior Image Preference Scale was used to measure Interior design preference of consumers. Data were collected from Oct. 10th 1997. to Nov. 13th 1997. The subjects were 609 adults living in Seoul. Frequency percentage mean Generalized Linear Models and Duncan's multiple range test were used for data analysis, The major results of this study were 1) the subjects generally preferred feminity complexity and modernity of interior design 2) this study revaled relative difference in interior design preference according age gender and monthly income.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.161-161
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• 2003

Different circling preference of mice is a reference of inter-individual differences in their endogenous neuroimmune circuits. I have investigated relationship between differential immune responses in mice, who have same age, gender, and genetic background, and circling behavior preference.(omitted)

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.73-93
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• 2021

The present study examined the relations between physical attractiveness and likability and we also investigated whether these variable's effects differ depending on generation (young and middle-aged) × evaluator gender (male and female) × target gender (male and female). Second, when assessing these variables, we figured out whether evaluators more preferred 'the same-sex preference' than 'the opposite-sex preference'. To that end, 120 college students participated in the 3D program to sample their ideal looks and bodies. Then, another 240 people (60 young men and women each, 60 middle-aged men and women each) evaluated the physical attractiveness, likeability, relationship preference, and personality of the sample. The result is that physical attractiveness is a positively related to likability. There were evaluator gender and target gender differences in the judgment of physical attractiveness, but there were generation and target gender differences in the judgment of likability. Lastly, the effect based on target-maker gender was different for evaluator gender in each factor evaluation. These results were discussed from the evolutionary and sociocultural perspectives on physical attractiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.397-416
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• 2024

This study investigated gender characteristics in contemporary virtual fashion design, focusing on avatars and genderless fashion in recent collections from Auroboros, Republiqe, Placebo Digital Fashion House, RTFKT, and Tribute. Employing content analysis within a theoretical framework of gender-related research, the study coded virtual avatars in terms of biological sex, appearance, and sociological perspectives. The results showed a preference for female-type avatars, through which androgynous aesthetics were embraced and traditional gender norms were challenged. Male-type avatars reflected experimentation with blending masculine elements, emphasizing inclusivity. Human-like avatars indicated a preference for designs that promoted inclusivity and, in the process, challenged binary classifications. The examined brands strategically capitalized on compromise, sensuality, and playfulness, thereby breaking away from traditional values to opt for more diverse styles. Genderless features combined elements from traditional men's and women's clothing, espousing sensuality and playful exaggeration. These findings signify a dynamic shift away from conventional gender standards to foster inclusivity and experimentation. They can serve as a reference for promoting creative strategies and design innovation, challenging the traditional gender perspective in the fashion industry. Implementing these strategies can lead to a more inclusive representation of fashion styles, encouraging critical thinking about gender norms.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.875-883
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences by gender in influence recognition, usage, convenience and preference on purchase intention for traditional Korean rice cake. For this study, the effect of the gender-based consumption patterns-degree of recognition, usage, convenience, and preference towards the traditional Korean rice cake-on purchasing intention was investigated among the university students in Busan area. Of the entire students, 47.5% were male and 52.5% female; 51.0% had less than \5,000,000 and 49.0% had \5,000,000 or more in household income level per month; and 46.0% live with parent(s) whereas 54.0% by themselves. The findings showed that consumption patterns lie between 4.0 and 6.0 in Likert-type 7-point scale. It showed differences by gender in all of the degree of recognition, usage, convenience, and preference.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.612-619
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• 2015

The present study was designed to investigate health-related life habits, food preference, body composition for proper dietary habits, health promotion of communities in Incheon area. The effects of personal characteristics and health-related life habits such as gender, age, having breakfast, smoking, drinking, and exercise were analyzed using a surveying. 961 community subjects (262 males and 699 females) were investigated using a questionnaire and Inbody. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi squared test, and one-way ANOVA (analysis of variation) with SPSS/WIN 21.0. The result of gender distribution showed there were 262 males and 699 females, and with respect to the effect of gender on health-related life habits, smoking, drinking, and exercise showed significant differences (p < 0.05), whereas having breakfast was not significantly difference (p>0.05). Therefore, the present provide evidence of a relationship between health-related life habits and gender. Regarding the effect of BMI on health-related life habits, exercise showed significant differences (p < 0.05), whereas smoking, drinking, and having breakfast were not significantly difference (p>0.05). Thus, the present study also provides evidence of a relationship between health-related life habits and BMI. Our analysis shows that food preference and body composition were significant different from health-related life habits such as smoking, drinking, exercise, and having breakfast (p < 0.05). Our analysis showed that body composition was significant differences from health related habits such as smoking, drinking, exercise, and breakfast (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study suggests that diet guidelines support and improve health promotion designed by communities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.511-519
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate satisfaction degree on menu served and identify food preference of the meal served to 271 business and industry foodservice workers from 4 institutions by gender difference. The demographics indicated that male(54.6%) and female(45.4%) were about an half each, mean age was ranged from 20 to 39 years old. The workers were not contented with most of menu quality attributes served from past foodservice operation. Primary complaint was improper temperature of the meal. Most workers liked meat and fish(52.1%) the most. Sensory quality evaluation from all workers was 3.37 points out of 5 points. However, female workers rated higher on the most of menu(3.72 points) compared with that of male workers(3.35 points), indicating that satisfaction was higher in the female workers(p<0.05). Mean preference of all the menu according to food type also have shown higher in female(3.52 point) than in male(3.45 point). Best food preference according to food type considering cooking method of male was given to barley rice, boiled rice with assorted mixtures, marine product stew, and Kimchi stew. On the other hand, females cared for curried rice, hash rice, and spaghetti but males have shown low preferences to those foods females liked. Also, females liked more of fried, grilled and broiled food. However, both males and females showed indifferent taste about the food cooked with steamed and stewed. From the findings, the business and industry foodservice workers were not well satisfied with menu quality considerably and differed in food preferences by gender clearly. Therefore, the manager of foodservice institution require to consider composition of gender ratio in menu preparation along with sensory quality evaluation to lead the successful foodservice management.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.741-748
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the students' preference and the sensibility to fetish fabrics such as leather, fur, velvet, suade, and corduroy, and to analyze differences according to gender of the university students. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 324 university students (male students 52.8%, female students 47.2%) in the Cheongju area, Korea. Frequency, t-test, F-test and factor analysis were used for data analysis. The results were as follows: 1) the subjects preferred velvet, leather and suede fabrics, while they did not prefer corduroy and fur fabrics. 2) Their feelings to fetish fabrics were respectively different depending on the kind of fabrics. 3) There were partially significant differences between the gender in the preference and the sensibility to fetish fabrics. 4) They evaluated that velvet fabrics could express a variety of sensibilities. 5) They considered that fabrics as velvet, leather, and fur have more noble and fanciful images than corduroy.