• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2003

The rheological behavior of poloxamer 407 solution as function of concentration and temperature was evaluated by rotational viscometer. The viscosity of poloxamer 407 solution was increased as the concentration of poloxamer 407 and temperature increased. At $4^{\circ}C$, poloxamer 407 solution showed the Newtonian flow characteristics regardless of concentration. Upon increasing temperature the poloxamer solution changed to the pseudoplastic flow pattern. And at gelation temperature, rheological profiles showed the abrupt increase in viscosity. Gelation temperature was decreased as the concentration of poloxamer 407 increased, while it increased as the concentration of poly(ethylene glycol) 4000 increased. Poly(ethylene glycol) might be expected to reduce the driving force for hydrophobic interaction resulting in slow gelation. From the viscoelastic properties of poloxamer gel system, we obtained the storage and loss modulus depending on the shear stress and frequency. And the sol-gel transition temperature was also obtained from the viscoelastic properties of poloxamer 407 gel.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2003

Physicochemical changes of poloxamer-based gel containing capsaicin analog (N-[3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)propyl]-4-(2-aminoethoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl acetamide) such as drug content, viscosity and surface tension were investigated during the storage conditions at three different temperatures (25, 40 and $60^{\circ}C$) over 90 days. No noticeable changes of color were observed when stored at 25 and $40^{\circ}C$. However, the color of white poloxamer gels turned yellow during storage at $60^{\circ}C$. The drug contents were unchanged during storage at $25^{\circ}C$ but had tendency to decrease at $40^{\circ}C$. The drug contents were highly decreased over 40-50% when stored at $60^{\circ}C$. The viscosity of a poloxamer-based gel was unchanged during storage at 25 and $40^{\circ}C$ but greatly increased at $60^{\circ}C$. The surface tension of a poloxamer-based gel was not changed at three different temperatures. The storage conditions of a poloxamer-based gel containing capsaicin analog can be considered for further clinical applications.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2004

The formation of rust on metallic substrate is known to cause the damages and destructions of raw materials, which is one of the leading reasons of sturctural collapses and many kind of hazards in modern industry. Polymer gels with rust removing effects were compounded in this study by employing various kinds of acids like hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, gluconic acid, oxalic acid as the rust removing ingredients. TEA(Triethanolamine) as dispersant and hydrophilic chemical were used for effective gelation of acids. Also corrosion inhibitor was added to enable the coating effect and to improve rust removing effect on metallic surface. In order to investigate the rust properites on metallic substrate, artificial rusts were prepared in salt solution, using iron, copper, aluminium and brass as the base metals. The properties of gel compounds were checked by gelation, pH, viscosity, morphology property and rust removing test. Developed gel compounds in this study have a good rust removing property, showing a strong adhesion on horizontal and vertical metallic surface, and can be easily rinsed off by water.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.284-288
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• 1993

Replacement of sucrose with sugar alcohols in high methoxyl pectin(HMP) jellies were studied. HMP jellies were sweetened with 100％ sucrose, 75％ sucrose and 25％ maltitol, 50％ sucrose and 50％ maltitol, and 50％ sucrose, 25％ maltitol, 12.5％ sorbitol and 12.5％ mannitol. The effect of sugar alcohols in HMP jellies were investigted. There was only slight differences in sweetness intersity in HMP jellies. Color(p<0.05), texture(p<0.01) and preference(p<0.01) of 100fl sucrose jelly were significantly higher than other Jellies sweetened with sugar and sugar alcohols mixtures. Hunter's L(lightness), a(redness), b(yellowness) values of 100％, sucrose jellies and jellies substituted with maltitol up to 25％ were not signignificantly different. But as the ratio and the number of sugar alcohols used for substition were increased, L, a and b values had been lowered signigicantly(p<0.01). Instru-mental characteristics of jelly texture were examined. Hardness of 100％ sucrose jelly sweetened with sucrose and 3 kind of sugar alcohols were higher than others(p<0.05). As substitution ratio was higher, springiness and chewiness of HMP jellies were lowered(p<0.01). Springiness of HMP jellies indicated positive correlation with general acceptance of sensory scores at 5％ significant level. Brittleness, gum-miness and cohesiveness in all types of jellies were not significantly different.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.289-292
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• 1993

당알코올의 대체 감미료로서의 유용성을 검토하기 위한 목적으로 LMP jelly들을 제조하여 품질 특성을 비교하였다. 관능검사 결과 LMP jelly의 감미도는 설탕의 50％를 maltitol로 대치하였을때 현저하게 감소하였고, 반면 같은 50％를 3종류의 당알코올로 혼합 사용한 경우에는 제조시 당알코올의 대체 가능성을 높음을 시사하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2006

Changes of CP4 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (CP4 EPSPS) in the glyphosate-tolerant Roundup Ready soybean were examined using purified CP4 EPSPS produced in cloned Escherichia coli as a control. CP4 EPSPS in genetically modified soybean was detected by twodimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) with databases. CP4 EPSPS in soybean products was resolved on 2-DE by first isoelectric focusing (IEF) based on its characteristic pI of 5.1, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) based on its molecular mass of 47.5 kDa. We quantified various percentages of soybean CP4 EPSPS. The quantitative analysis was performed using a 2D software program on artificial gels with spots varying in Gaussian volumes. These results suggested that 2-DE image analysis could be used for quantitative detection of GM soybean, unlike Western blotting.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2013

$YAG:Ce^{3+}$ phosphor powders were synthesized using a $Al_2O_3$ seed (average particle size: 5 ${\mu}m$) by the polymer solution route. PVA solution was added to the sol precursors consisting of the seed powder and metal nitrate salts for homogeneous mixing in atomic scale. All dried precursor gels were calcined at $500^{\circ}C$ and then heated at $1400^{\circ}C{\sim}1500^{\circ}C$ in $N_2/H_2$ atmosphere. The final powders were characterized by using XRD, SEM, PSA, PL and PKG test. All synthesized powders were crystallized to YAG phase without intermediate phases of YAM or YAP. The phosphor properties and morphologies of the synthesized powders were strongly dependent on the PVA content. Finally, the synthesized $YAG:Ce^{3+}$ phosphor powder heated at $1500^{\circ}C$, which is prepared from 12:1 PVA content and has an average particle size of 15 ${\mu}m$, showed similar phosphor properties to a commercial phosphor powder.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.184-190
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• 1999

The use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was described using two sets of primers based on the ceuN gene (JEJ 1 and JEJ 2) which encodes a protein involved in siderophore transport and 16S rRNA gene (pA and pB) for the sensitive and specific detection of enteropathogen Campylobacter jejuni. Six oligonucleotides were utilized in an amplification experiment and PCR products of predicted sizes were generated from whole cells and boiled cell lysates at the same intensity. Two sets of the primer pairs, JEJ and pAB, were specific enough for all C. jejuni strains tested for the direct use of whole cells without DNA extraction or lysis steps. In the PCR using the pAB primer pair, the detection limit, as determined by the ethidium bromide staining of the amplification products on agarose gels, was at the level of $10^1$ bacteria cells or less in both the pure culture and artificially inoculated milk and chicken enrichment samples, whereas the detection limit with the JEJ primer pair was relatively low, i.e. $10^3$ cells or more in the same PCR samples. The PCR method using either a primer JEJ or pAB was both repeatable and specific for the detection of C. jejuni in food. This method is simply completed within 4 h.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.159-166
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• 1980

검정곰팡이(Aspergillus niger)의 동조적(同調的) 분화(分化)를 시행(施行)하면서 acid-phenol 용성(溶性)인 세포단백질(細包蛋白質)을 추출(抽出)하여 포자형성(胞子形成) 전후(前後)의 단백상(蛋白像)의 변화(變化)를 polyacrylamide gel 전기영동법(電氣泳動法)으로 추구(追究)하였다. 결과(結果)에서 1종(種)의 단백질(蛋白質)(분자량(分子量) 약(約) 27,000 정도(程度))이 포자형성기(胞子形成期)에 신생(新生)함을 알았다. 포자(胞子)의 발아시(發芽時)에는 18개의 단백질(蛋白質)밴드가 있으며 포자형성시(胞子形成時)에는 19개가 있었다. Amido black 색소(色素)의 염색도(染色度)는 분화시기(分化時期)에 따라서 각(各) 밴드마다 각각 많이 달랐다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 1992

넙치의 혈청, 체표점액 및 각 조직으로부터 lysozyme의 분리와 정제를 Chitin-coated Cellulose column 크로마토그라피를 사용하여 분리하였다. 15% SDS-PAGE의 전기 영동상을 조사한 결과 넙치의 신장, 유문수, 아가미 점액 및 혈청으로부터 분리된 lysozyme은 동일한 분자량(약 14000)을 나타내었다. 넙치의 방어기작으로서 lysozyme의 역할을 밝히기 위해 그람양성 세균 2주, 그람음성 세균 5주에 대하여 넙치 신장 유래 lysozyme의 정균작용을 조사한 결과 그람 양성 2주 그람 음성 세균 2주에 대하여 정균작용을 나타내었다. 이것은 넙치 유래의 lysozyme은 그람 양성 세균뿐만 아니라 그람 음성 세균에 대해서는 생체 방어 작용을 수행하는 것으로 고려된다.