• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.130-133
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• 2017

Noroviruses have been recognized as the leading cause of epidemic and sporadic gastroenteritis since the advent of molecular diagnostic technique. They have been documented in 5-31% of pediatric patients hospitalized with gastroenteritis. Although norovirus gastroenteritis is typically mild and self-limited, it causes severe, but sometimes fatal, conditions in the vulnerable population such as immunocompromised patients, young children, and the elderly. Bowel perforation due to norovirus infection is rare. We report a case of small bowel perforation with norovirus gastroenteritis in the infant with Down syndrome during the hospitalization with pneumonia. Severe dehydration may cause bowel ischemia and could have triggered bowel perforation in this case. Physicians should be alert to the potential surgical complications followed by severe acute diarrhea, especially in high risk groups.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.346-356
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• 2021

Purpose: Campylobacter species are currently the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. In Lebanon, Campylobacter infection occurrence is underdiagnosed owing to the lack of specific culture and rapid test kits, particularly among children. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, laboratory findings, and clinical characteristics of Campylobacter infection in hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in South Lebanon. Methods: We conducted a 6-month retrospective cohort study between January and June 2018, including 291 children aged between 1 month and 12 years, who were admitted to a tertiary healthcare center in South Lebanon. The medical files of the patients were reviewed to retrieve the required clinical information, including clinical and laboratory data. Results: The prevalence of campylobacteriosis agents in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis is 12.02%. Patients infected with Campylobacter had more severe acute gastroenteritis than Campylobacter-negative patients and often presented with high-grade fever, diarrhea episodes more than six times per day, diarrhea lasting for more than five days, and dehydration. Indeed, children with high-grade fever (≥38.5℃) were five times more likely to test positive for Campylobacter than those with low-grade fever. In addition, the results showed a higher Vesikari score for the majority of Campylobacter-positive patients with severe acute gastroenteritis compared to a moderate profile for Campylobacter-negative patients. Conclusion: The present study findings highlight that Campylobacter infection is frequent among children with acute gastroenteritis. Therefore, the detection of Campylobacter should be carried out for the diagnosis of human gastroenteritis in Lebanon, along with the detection of routine enteropathogens.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.239-242
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• 2004

저자들은 만성적이고 반복적인 복통을 호소하는 13세 여아에서 호산구성 위장관염 1례를 경험하여 보고하는 바이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.260-268
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• 2021

Since the 2000s, the major causes of acute gastroenteritis in children in Korea have been identified by classifying the pathogens into viruses, bacteria, and protozoa. For viruses, the detection rate is 20%-30%, and norovirus is being increasingly detected to account for the majority of viral gastroenteritis cases. In addition, despite the dissemination of the rotavirus vaccine, many rotavirus infections persist, and its seasonal distribution is changing. The detection rate of bacterial pathogens is 3%-20%, with Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. infections being the most common, while the incidences of Bacillus cereus and Campylobacter spp. infections are gradually increasing. Owing to intermittent outbreaks of gastroenteritis caused by individual bacteria as well as the inflow of causative bacteria, such as E. coli, Vibrio spp., and Campylobacter spp., from overseas, continuous surveillance of and research into the characteristics and serotypes of each bacterium are needed.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2012

Objectives: For our survey of the incidence of norovirus infections and the genogroup distribution of norovirus in Seoul, Republic of Korea, we evaluated through regular surveillance the prevalence of norovirus infections in patients with acute gastroenteritis occurring in Seoul from January 2007 to July 2011. Methods: For norovirus detection, we conducted epidemiological analyses on the basis of the junction of ORF1 and ORF2 (approximately 314 bp). 11,202 fecal specimens were collected from patients in Seoul with acute gastroenteritis between January 2007 and July 2011 and then tested for the presence of NoV via reverse transcription (RT) - polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: 16.6% (1,861/11,202) of the fecal specimens were determined to be positive for noroviruses. The incidences of norovirus infection in Seoul in the case of acute gastroenteritis with regular surveillance were 28.0% in 2007, 14.6% in 2008, 9.1% in 2009, 14.1% in 2010, and 12.9% in 2011, which shows that noroviruses constituted a major causative agent of acute gastroenteritis. Also, the incidence of noroviral infection in patients with acute gastroenteritis increased after the large-scale new influenza in 2009. Conclusions: The genetic characteristics of norovirus and the epidemiologic patterns of a viral pathogen in acute gastroenteritis patients may provide potentially effective data for epidemiological studies in Seoul, Korea.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.87-102
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• 2023

Globally, acute gastroenteritis is responsible for two million pediatric deaths. In particular, viral gastroenteritis is the most common cause of acute diarrhea, and most children aged <5 years are infected at least once. The common symptoms include profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever. Viral gastroenteritis is generally caused by rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus. Recently, probiotics use has increased rapidly worldwide due to its inhibitory effect against viral gastroenteritis. In addition, probiotics are known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects and enhance immunity without any side effects. Therefore, this review focuses on the anti-viral effects of probiotics on viral gastroenteritis. Furthermore, this review would provide basic data that could be used for developing new products that have improved functionality by addition of probiotics to milk and dairy food.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.303-305
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• 2009

The incidence and etiology of parasite-associated gastroenteritis during 2004-2006 in Gyeonggi-do (province), South Korea was determined by means of antigen detection ELISA on 6,071 stool specimens collected from 6 general hospitals. At least 1 parasitic agent was detected in 3.4% (208/6,071) of the stool samples. Among these, Giardia lamblia was the most numerous (152 cases; 2.5%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica (25 cases; 0.4%), Cryptosporidium parvum (23 cases; 0.4%), and mixed infections (8 cases; 0.1%). Patients aged 1-5years had the largest proportion (69.2%; 144/208) of parasite-positive stool specimens. Parasite-mediated gastroenteritis was most common from June to September. The detection rate gradually increased from 2004 to 2006. This study shows that parasite-mediated gastroenteritis may be significant among children in Korea and that parasite infection surveillance should be constantly performed.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2011

저자들은 구토, 설사와 같은 비특이적인 증상과 복수가 발생한 13세 남아에서 말초혈액의 호산구 증가 소견이 있고 IgE는 정상범위이며, 내시경 생검상 식도, 소장, 대장 및 직장에서 특징적인 호산구 침윤 소견이 관찰되어 비 IgE 매개성 호산구성 위장관염으로 진단된 1예를 경험하였으며 스테로이드 투여로 증상 호전을 보였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.453-457
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• 2009

목 적 : 본 연구에서는 장염증상으로 입원한 소아 중 노로바이러스에 의한 급성 위장관염의 임상양상을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2006년 7월부터 2008년 6월까지 분당차병원 소아과에 급성 위장관염 증상으로 입원한 환아 중 대변 RT-PCR을 통해 노로바이러스 감염으로 진단되었던 22명의 임상 기록지를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 비교군은 로타바이러스 감염으로 진단되었던 45명의 환자로 하였다. 결 과 : 구토와 설사는 노로바이러스 군에서는 각각 19명(86.4 %), 21명(95.5%)에서 보였고, 로타바이러스 군 환아 모두에서 관찰되었다. 구토의 지속기간은 두 군간에 차이가 없었으나, 평균 구토횟수는 노로바이러스 군에서 더 많았다. 평균 설사횟수와 지속기간은 로타바이러스 군에서 더 높았다. Vesikari Scale은 두 군간에 차이가 없었으며, 발열 빈도와 지속기간 또한 두 군간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 두 군 모두 2세 미만의 소아가 대다수를 차지하였다. 결 론 : 노로바이러스 장염 증상의 전반적인 양상은 로타바이러스 감염과 비슷하였으나, 노로바이러스 감염에서 구토 증상이 더 심했고 로타바이러스 감염에서 설사가 더 심하고 오래 지속되었다. 앞으로 노로바이러스 감염에 대한 광범위한 역학조사 및 예방적 노력이 필요할 것이다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2014

목적: 최근 로타바이러스 백신의 효과 및 안정성에 대한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 전세계적으로 접종이 시행이 되고 있다. 국내에도 로타바이러스 백신 도입 후 5년이 경과되었지만 백신효과에 대한 국내 자료가 매우 드문 실정이다. 로타바이러스 백신 도입을 전후하여 급성위장관염 및 로타바이러스 위장관염 환자의 발생 추이를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2005-2006년, 2011-2012년의 인제대학교 상계백병원 소아청소년과 실입원환자수를 조사하였으며 같은 기간동안 급성위장관염으로 진단되어 인제대학교 상계백병원에 입원한 5세 미만 소아환자 2,840명의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 2005-2006년을 백신 도입 이전, 2011-2012년을 백신 도입 이후로 분류하여 5세 미만 소아 연령에서 급성위장관염 환자와 대변 로타항원 검사 결과로 확인된 로타바이러스 급성위장관염 환자의 입원 양상의 변화를 파악하였다. 결과: 로타바이러스 백신 도입 이전군(2005-2006년)에 비해 이후군(2011-2012년)에서 급성위장관염으로 입원한 5세 미만 환자는 생후 2개월 미만 군을 제외한 모든 월령군에서 유의한 환자수의 감소를 보였다. 로타바이러스 급성위장관염 환자는 생후 2개월 미만 군과 생후 2-5개월 월령군을 제외한 월령군에서 유의한 환자수의 감소를 보였다. 결론: 로타바이러스 백신이 국내에 도입된 이후에 도입 이전에 비해 생후 6-59개월군의 급성위장관염 입원 환자에서 로타바이러스 위장관염이 감소하였다. 향후에도 로타바이러스 백신의 효과 및 안정성에 대한 지속적인 관심과 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.