• 오토저널
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 1980

Experiments about engine performance using alcohol-gasoline blend as a fuel are studied. A conventional 4cycle 4cylinder gasoline engine is used. Measurements on torque, output, specific fuel consumption, and emissions are made over ignition timing and mixing ratio. Up to vol. 15% of alcohol, torque and output using alcohol-gasoline blend are almost same with using only gasoline, and specific fuel consumption is improved about 7%. In emissions alcohol-gasoline blend is more effective than gasoline.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.232-239
• /
• 2021

Petroleum is the most consumed energy source in Korea with a usage rate of 38.7% among the available primary energy sources. The price of liquid petroleum products in Korea includes taxes such as transportation·environment·energy tax. Thus, illegal production and distribution of liquid petroleum is widespread because of its huge price difference from that of the normal product and its tax-free nature. Generally, the illegal petroleum product is produced by mixing liquid petroleum with other similar petroleum alternatives. The two kinds of gasoline, common gasoline and premium gasoline, are being distributed in Korea. The premium gasoline is often adulterated with cheaper common gasoline that lowers the octane number of gasoline. It is possible to distinguish them with their color difference, green and yellow for different grade gasoline. However, when small volume of common gasoline is added to premium gasoline, it is difficult to determine whether premium gasoline contained common grade or not. In this study, we inspect gasoline, which is illegally produced by mixing common gasoline to premium gasoline. When the ratio of mixing common gasoline is increased, premium gasoline shows decreasing absorbance at 600 nm and 650 nm under UV-Vis spectrometer. Moreover, the detected intensity (mV·s) of green dye in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was decreased by common gasoline under 0.99 correlation value. The more the common gasoline is mixed, the more olefin and naphthene are detected by gas chromatography. In addition, trimethyl pentane as octane improver, paraffin and toluene are decreased by common gasoline mixing. The findings of this study suggests that illegal petroleum can be identified by analysis of components and simulated samples.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제17권E3호
• /
• pp.101-107
• /
• 2001

Source profiles were developed for a total of 45 volatile organic compounds (VOC) that can be emitted from gasoline evaporation. The gasoline samples of five major brands (for each season) were blended on the basis of the market share in Seoul area and analyzed by a GC-MS/FID system. In addition, we calculated gasoline evaporative compositions using the Raoult's law from the liquid gasoline compositions. The measured and estimated gasoline vapor compositions agree well each other. As a group, alkanes are the most abundant in the gasoline vapors profiles (77.4% on average), followed by alkenes (19.1%), and aromatics (1.7%). As a specie in gasoline vapor, i-pentane is the most abundant, followed by n-butane, n-pentane, i-butane, trans-and cis-2-butenes, 2-methyl-2-butene, and trans-and cis-2-pentenes . It was also seen that aromatic content was much lower in the vapor phase compositions. From the comparison between experimental and calculated compositions, we identified the fact that once the gasoline vapor composition is reliably constructed entirely from the measured gasoline composition and the Raoult's law calculations, the need for doing separate chemical analyses of the gasoline vapor can be reduced.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 2018

This study was conducted to assess the hazards of gasoline in relevance to the changes in octane numbers, and gasoline's spontaneous ignition temperature and instantaneous ignition temperature were measured. Spontaneous ignition temperature of regular gasoline was $301^{\circ}C$ for sample quantity of $100{\sim}125{\mu}{\ell}$. Spontaneous ignition temperature of middle gasoline was $380^{\circ}C$ for sample quantity of $125{\mu}{\ell}$ and that of premium gasoline was $400^{\circ}C$. As gasoline's octane numbers increased, their spontaneous ignition temperatures increased, and their instantaneous ignition temperature were almost identically $499^{\circ}C$ for sample quantity of $125{\mu}{\ell}$. In addition, activation energies of regular gasoline, middle gasoline, and premium gasoline were 10.48 Kcal/mol, 16.89 Kcal/mol, and 24.55 Kcal/mol respectively.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.221-226
• /
• 2018

Misfueling accidents significantly damage the engines of both gasoline and diesel vehicles, and should be avoided by rapid and accurate fuel discrimination. Gasoline fuel contains bioethanol. Thus, the detection of ethanol vapor produced by gasoline can be used to distinguish between gasoline and diesel. In the present study, Pt-doped $SnO_2$ hollow nanospheres, Mg-doped $In_2O_3$ hollow microspheres, and Pt-doped ZnO nanostructures have been used as gas sensors to discriminate between gasoline and diesel fuels. All three sensors are able to detect and discriminate between gases evaporating from gasoline and diesel. Among the sensors, the Mg-doped $In_2O_3$ hollow microspheres show a significant gas response (resistance ratio = 4.97) quickly (~3 s) after exposure to gasoline-evaporated gas at $225^{\circ}C$, but did not show any substantial response to diesel-evaporated gas. This demonstrates that gasoline and diesel fuels can be discriminated using small and cost-effective oxide semiconductor gas sensors.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.143-149
• /
• 2023

Amidst the drive towards carbon neutrality, interest in renewable synthetic e-fuels is rising rapidly. These fuels, generated through the synthesis of atmospheric carbon and green hydrogen, offer a sustainable solution, showing advantages like high energy density and compatibility with existing infrastructure. The physical properties of e-fuels can be different from those of conventional gasoline based on manufacturing methods, which requires investigations into how the physical properties of e-fuels affect the fuel injection characteristics. This study performs a comparative analysis between conventional and Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthetic gasoline (e-gasoline) across various fuel temperatures, including the cold start condition. The fuel properties of F-T synthetic and conventional gasoline are analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique and the injection rates are measured using a Bosch-tube injection rate meter. The F-T synthetic gasoline exhibited higher density and kinematic viscosity, but lower vapor pressure compared to the conventional gasoline. Both fuels showed an increase in injection rate as the fuel temperature decreased. The F-T synthetic gasoline showed higher injection rates compared to conventional gasoline regardless of the fuel temperature.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.16-21
• /
• 2003

Natural gas is one of the promising alternative fuels because of the abundant deposits and the cleanness of emission gas. It can be used in conventional gasoline engine without major modification. Natural gas has some advantages than gasoline i.e. the high octane number, good mixing condition because of gas and wide inflamable limit. In the present study, a $1.8{\ell}$ conventional gasoline engine is modified for using the CNG as a fuel instead of gasoline. Performance and emission characteristics are compared between gasoline and CNG with 4 cylinder SI Engine which is controlled by programable ECU. Parameters of experimentation are equivalence ratio, spark timing and fuels. We analyzed the combustion characteristics of the engine using the cylinder pressure i.e. ignition delay, combustion duration and cycle variation. As a result, CNG engine shows lower exhaust emissions but brake torque is slightly reduced compared to gasoline engine. Overall combustion duration is longer than that of gasoline because of lower burning speed.

• 한국토양환경학회지
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 1998

Soil venting이 오염토양중 가솔린의 용출거동에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 Raoult의 법칙에 근거한 복합물질 휘발/용해거동 모델을 적용하였다. 먼저 순수 가솔린의 용해거동과 휘발거동에 대해 검토한 후 토양중 가솔린의 거동에 적용하여 보았다. 가솔린성분들의 용해거동은 휘발에 의한 성분조성의 변화와 상관없이 Raoult의 법칙에 의해 비교적 정확하게 예측할 수 있었으며 오차범위는 naphthalene을 제외하고는 최고 $\pm$100% 이내였다. 오염토양의 형태로 가솔린이 존재하는 경우에도 Raoult의 법칙에 의해 정확히 예측될수 있었으나 토양중 농도가 초기 20,000 mg/kg에서 1,360 mg/kg까지 감소한 경우에는 예측치가 계산값보다 50~100% 정도 높은 경향을 보였다. 한편 soil venting시 휘발에 따른 조성변화를 Raoult의 법칙을 이용하여 산정하고 각 성분조성에 대한 개별물질들의 용출잠재성을 결정하는 모델을 이용하여 실험결과와 비교하였으며 모델값과 실험값의 차이에 대한 몇가지 가능한 시나리오를 제시하였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.133-140
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of gasoline fuel to the LPI engine. Firing test bench was used in order to assess the effect on gasoline-injected LPI engine. Gasoline fuel was supplied into the reverse direction(3-4-2-1 cylinder) at 3.0 bar with commercial gasoline fuel pump. Engine test was performed using the firing test mode at end of line. The deviations of excess air ratio of each cylinder and maximum combustion pressure using gasoline fuel were within 0.1 and $1{\sim}2\;bar$. Engine start time was measured with changing coolant temperature at $20^{\circ}C,\;40^{\circ}C,\;80^{\circ}C$, respectively. Residual gasoline volume in the fuel line was measured about 32 cc after firing test and it was less than 2 cc within 10 seconds purging. To simulate the end of line, the residual gasoline in the fuel line was purged during 5 and 10 seconds. Start time of LPI engine with LPG fuel were 0.61 and 0.58 seconds. This work showed that severe problems such as misfiring and liner scuffing were not occurred applying gasoline fuel to LPI engine.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 2018

Gasoline that meets the quality standards is distributed in Korea. However, consumers who use toluene or solvent mixed with gasoline have appeared due to rising crude oil prices and for the purpose of tax evasion. Gasoline quality standard is enacted by the domestic and international research reference. A wrong fuel can influence automobile performance or environmental issue. Thus, empirical data from this issue is necessary. Therefore, this research observed catalyst influence by gasoline property change and inspect influence of environment. In this study, fuel property evaluation, lean-burn evaluation, and real vehicle exhaust emission test were performed. In the result of fuel property, the fuel "A" was measured to be up to 27% less octane than the normal gasoline and the distillation property was measured 24% higher than normal gasoline. In the test result of single cylinder engine lean-burn test, the fuels "A" and "B" show torque value 20% less than the normal gasoline. As a result of vehicle test using the catalyst, the fuel "A" was increased more than the normal gasoline with 83% THC, 1,806% CO and 128% NOx, and the fuel "B" was increased more than normal gasoline with 1.6% THC, 391% CO and 142% NOx.