• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.6 no.4 s.13
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 1990

Lipids of Job's tears (Yullmoo) were extracted by the mixture of chloroform: methanol (2:1, v/v) and from these lipids, triglycerides were separated by column chromatography (Sephadex G-25 column) and then confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and reconfirmed by gas chromatography (GC). The triglycerides were fractionated into 6 groups on the basis of their partition numbers (PN) by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a column Shimpack CLC-ODS using tetrahydrofuran-acetonitril (25:75) mixture as a solvent. Each of these collected fractions gave one to two peaks in the GC chromatograms according to the acyl carbon number (CN) of the triglyceride and fatty acid composition of the triglycerides were also analyzed by GC. From the results, the major triglycerides of Job's tears lipids were estimated to be C18:1 C18:2 C18:2 (OLL, 38.2%), C16:0 C18:2 C18:3 (PLLn, 15.7%), C18:1 C18:1 C18:2 (OOL, 12.6%).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2001.02a
• /
• pp.14-28
• /
• 2001

As basic study for purpose bioremedation in oil-contaminated environment, Primarily, we isolated biosurfactant producer- strains utilized of oil-agar plate, and measured surface tension and emulsifying activity. We investigated in oil-contaminated soil and sea water. In this laboratory, Pseudomonas sp. EL-012S strain isolated from oil-contaminated soil was able to product novel biosurfactant under the optimal culture condition. Its condition was n-hexadecane 2.0%, NH$_4$NO$_3$0.4%, Na$_2$HPO$_4$0.6%, KH$_2$PO$_4$0.4%, MgSO$_4$.7$H_2O$ 0.02%, CaCl$_2$.2$H_2O$ 0.001%, FeSO.7$H_2O$ 0.001%, initial pH 7.0 and aeration at 3$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. This biosurfactant was produced in both late-exponential and early-stationary phase. The biosurfactant from Pseudomonas sp. EL-012S was composed of carbohydrate, lipid and protein. The purified-biosurfactant was examined two (biosurfactant type I, II) with the silica gel G60 column chromatography and the purified biosurfactant confirmed thin layer chromatography, high performed liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. The biosurfactant type I involved in carbohydrate-lipid-protein characteristics lowered surface tension of water to 27dyne/cm and interfacial tension 4.5dyne/cm aginst to n-hexadecane and the biosurfactant type B involved in carbohydrate lipid characteristics lowered surface tension of water to 30dyne/cm and interfacial tension 8dyne/cm against to n-hexadecane. Specially type I had the properties such as strong emulsifying activity, emulsion stability, pH-stability, thermo-stability, high cleaning activity and forming ability.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.357-363
• /
• 2007

249 fungal strains were isolated from the roots of 26 plants, and the production of GAs was spectrophotometric ally examined. As a result 76 fungal strains were shown to produce GAs. Bioassay of culture broth from seventy six fungal strains producing GAs was carried out with waito-c rice, that is dwarf rice. The seventy six fungi with GAs-producing activity were incubated for seven days in 40 mL of Czapek's liquid medium at $30^{\circ}C$ and 180 rpm, and the culture broth of fungi were treated on the 2-leaf rice sprout. Fifteen of these showed plant growth promoting activity and the amount of each GAs in the medium was measured by Gas chromatographymass spectrometer (GC-MS). Nine of these fungi were also identified by genetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences in the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.59-73
• /
• 1982

Differences of lipids, especially total lipid composition, fatty acid and sterol composition of the flesh lipids between three species of cephalopods were investigated, since available researches concerning lipids in flesh tissues of the cephalopod are very limited. Extracted total lipid from the flesh tissues were fractionated by silicic acid column chromatography into three lipid classes of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids. The lipid compositions of total lipid and neutral lipids were estimated by the method of thin layer chromatography and TLC-scanner. The sterol compositions of unsaponifiable matters from total lipid were determined by using thin layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. The fatty acid composition of each lipid class was also determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Total lipid contents of flesh tissues from three species of the cephalopods were 0.5 in Octopus vulgare, 0.8 in Octopus variabilis and $0.6\%$ in Loligo beka based on wet weight, the contents of total fatty acid in total lipid were 19.3, 47.8 and $38.4\%$, and the contents of unsaponifiable matters were 10.9, 18.8 and $41.1\%$, respectively. Total lipid was mainly composed of sterols and polar lipid-pigments as major components in each sample and the proportion of sterols and polar lipid-pigments to total lipid ranged from 27.0 to $35.5\%$ and 38.3 to $63.4\%$, respectively. The other lipid components of total lipid, e.g. triglycerides, free fatty acids, and carbohydrate-esterified sterols were determined as a minor components. The major component fatty acid in total lipid was palmitic acid and additionaly it chiefly consisted of the other unsaturated acids such as oleic, linoleic, octadecatetraenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid as major components of the acid. The compositions of sterol in three species of cephalopod were found to contain mainly cholesterol for its proportion to total sterols was 82.4 to $89.1\%$. However the other sterols such as 22-dehydrocholesterol and 24-methylenecholesterol were determined in addition to cholesterol as a minor components. The result of fractional composition of lipid class in total lipid was that total lipid had large .amount of polar lipid and small amount of nonpolar lipid i, e, neutral lipid in each sample, and the contents of phospholipid were higher than that of glycolipid in polar lipid. Neutral lipid was mainly composed of free sterol as major components in each sample and its proportion of free sterols to total neutral lipid was 50.0 to $70.5\%$. The other lipid components of neutral lipid showing similar in quantity, esterified sterols, free fatty acids and triglycerides were determined as a minor components. The major components fatty acid in neutral lipid were palmitic, oleic and hexadecadienoic acid. Palmitic acid was the most abundant and additionaly oleic, linoleic, octadecatetraenoic and myristic acid were the major component fatty acid in glycolipid. But, especially, glycolipid of Loligo beka contained a higher amount of arachidonic acid which also consists of major component in addition to those of acids. Palmitic acid was the most abundant and additionaly, oleic, linoleic and octadecatetraenoic acid were the major component fatty acids in phospholipid.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.350-361
• /
• 2013

Asarum sieboldii has been used for treatment of fever, pain, common cold, and chronic sinusitis in Korea. In this study, we performed quantification analysis of seven major constituents including aristolochic acid I, aristolochic acid II, ${\alpha}$-asarone, ${\beta}$-asarone, elemicin, methyl eugenol, and safrole in the 70% ethanol extract of Asarum sieboldii and its solvent fractions, n-hexane, ethylacetate, n-butanol, and water ones using a ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer(UPLC-ESI-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS). Regression equations of seven components were acquired with $r^2$ values >0.99. The values of limit of detection(LOD) and quantification(LOQ) were 0.1-3.9 ng/mL and 0.3-11.7 mg/mL, respectively. The amount of the seven compounds in Asarum sieboldii were not detected -143.66 mg/g. The established LC-MS/MS and GC-MS methods will be helpful to improve quality control of Asarum sieboldii.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.1032-1037
• /
• 2008

Lowly volatile heterocyclic sulfur compounds generated in autoclaved garlic extract were isolated and identified, and their antimicrobial activity was determined. Two kinds of unusual volatile sulfur compounds were separated from heated garlic by preparative recycling high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and identified by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) and $^1H$-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). They had heterocyclic structures with 4 to 5 sulfur atoms in the molecules. 4-Methyl-1,2,3-trithiolane (MTTT) is highly volatile and was not able to be concentrated, and was identified by GCMS only. MTTT and 6-methyl-1,2,3,4,5-pentathiepane (MPTP) are lowly volatile and were obtained in pure states to be positively identified for the first time. All 3 heterocyclic sulfur compounds began to appear by the time when the early-formed diallyl sulfides started to disappear. The minimum inhibitory concentration range of MTTT and MPTP was determined to be between 1 and 6 ppm against all yeasts tested. MTTT and MPTP were lowly volatile and sparingly soluble in water.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.96-100
• /
• 1992

The microbiological degradation of 2-(2-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxy) propionic acid (MCPP) was evaluated using mixed cultures of soil bacteria. The mixed cultures comprised Pseudomonas species, Flavobacterium species, and Achromobacter species. The bacteria used MCPP as the sole source of carbon and energy but only a partial degradation of the parent compound occurred MCPP degradation proceeded via the formation of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenol (2, 4-MCP) which was detected by high pressure liquid chromatography (PHLC) and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass sepctrometry. This intermediate occurred only transiently and no evidence was seen for the presence of other intermediates detectable by the reverse-phase HPLC or UV absorbance.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.115-124
• /
• 1983

The biochemical nature of the protein constituents of six year old fresh Panax ginseng root was studied. Total protein constituents were extracted with phosphate buffer of pH 7.4, ionic strength of 0.1 and fractionated by ultrafiltration using four different membranes which cut down the materials of molecular weight of 500, 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000, respectively. Each fraction was subjected to ion exchange chromatography using DEAE - cellulose to isolate component proteins. The protein fraction larger than molecular weight of 10,000 was refractionated by the method of ammonium sulfate precipitation. The electrophoresis of the refractionated protein constituents was performed. The amino acid composition of the protein constituents was determined by gas- liquid chromatography. From the results, it could be summarized that eleven different protein constituents smaller than molecular weight of 10,000 were isolated from the fresh Panax ginseng root. At least eleven different protein constituents larger than molecular weight of 10,000 were identified from the electrophoretic patterns. These protein costituents seem to be compounded of all or some of five different subunits.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.149-153
• /
• 1977

Evodia daniellii $H_{EMSLEY}$ (Rutaceae) is cultivated in Korea and used as a folkmedicine for gastric inflammation, extermination of noxious insects, headache and antiinflammatory. The seed oil of this plant also has been used in various diseases, for example, dermatitis, scabies and so forth. Fructus Evodiae seed oil sterols were obtained from the nonsaponifiable matters of ethereal extract of the seed. The composition of sterols have been determined by gas liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography on the preparative plates. It was noted that ${\beta}-sitosterol$ was the major sterols in the Evodia daniellii $H_{EMSLEY}$ in Korea. The results showed that contents of Evodia daniellii $H_{EMSLEY}$ sterols were campesterol 14.01%, stigmasterol 4.36%, ${\beta}-sitosterol$ 71.26%, ${\delta}^7-sterol$ 9.21% and unknown sterol 1.16% by method of triangulation and campesterol 13.02%, stigmasterol 3.87%, ${\beta}-sitosterol$ 74.34%, ${\delta}^7-sterol$ 8.67% and unknown sterol 1.85% by method of planimetry.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 1986

The transesterification reaction between diethanolamine and methyl-methacrylate was kinetically investigated in the presence of various metal acetate catalysts at $120^{\circ}C$. The quantity of methylmethacrylate reacted in the reaction flask was measured by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, and the reaction rate was investigated by measuring of the quantity of products and reactnts under various catalysts. The transesterification reaction was carried out in the first order reaction kinetics with respect to the concentration of diethanolamine and methylmethacrylate, respectively. The apparent rate constant was found to obey first-order kinetics with respect to the concentration of catalyst. The linear relationship was shown between apparent rate constant and reciprocal absolute temperature, and by the Arrhenius plot, the activation energy has been calculated as 11.08 Kcal with zinc acetate catalyst, 17.99 Kcal without catalyst. The maximum reaction rate was appeared at the range of 1.4 to 1.6 of electronegativity of metal ions and instability constant of metal acetates.