• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.317-323
• /
• 2004

We fabricated a MISFET using Pd/NiCr gate for the detecting of hydrogen gas in the air and investigated its electrical characteristics. To improve stability and high concenntration sensitivity and remove the blister generated by the penetration of hydrogen atoms Pd/NiCr catalyst gate metal are used as dual gate. To reduce the gate drift voltage caused by the inflow of hydrogen, the gate insulators of sensing and reference FFET were constructed with double insulation layers of silicon dioxide and silicon nitride. The hydrogen response of MISFET were amplified with the difference of gate voltages of both MISFET. To minimize the drift and the noise, we used a OP177 operational amplifier. The sensitivity of the Pd/NiCr gate MISFET was lower than that of Pd/Pt gate MISFET, but it showed good stability and ability to detect high concentration hydrogen up to 1000ppm.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.592-597
• /
• 2004

Porous silicon(PS) has received much attention as a sensitive material of chemical sensors because of its large internal surface area. In this work, we fabricated gas-sensing devices based on the porous silicon layer which could be applicable to the measurement of blood alcohol content(BAC), and estimated their electrical properties. The structure of the sensor is similar to an MIS (metal-insulator-semiconductor) diode and consists of thin Au/oxidized PS/PS/p-Si/Al, where the p-Si substrate is etched anisotropically to reduce the thickness. We measured C-V curves from two types of the samples with the PS layer treated by the different anodization current density of 60 or 100 mA/cm$^2$, in order to compare the sensitivity. As a result, the magnitude and variation of capacitances from the devices with the PS formed under the current density of 100 mA/cm$^2$ were found to be more detectable due to the larger internal surface.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2008년도 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
• /
• pp.3-5
• /
• 2008

An increase in oil and gas plants caused by development of process industry have brought into the increase in use of flammable and toxic materials in the complex process under high temperature and pressure. There is always possibility of fire and explosion of dangerous chemicals, which exist as raw materials, intermediates, and finished goods whether used or stored in the industrial plants. Since there is the need of efforts on disaster damage reduction or mitigation process, we have been conducting a research to relate explosion model on the background of real 3D terrain model. By predicting the extent of damage caused by recent disasters, we will be able to improve efficiency of recovery and, sure, to take preventive measure and emergency counterplan in response to unprepared disaster. For disaster damage prediction, it is general to conduct quantitative risk assessment, using engineering model for environmental description of the target area. There are different engineering models, according to type of disaster, to be used for industry disaster such as UVCE (Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosion), BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Evaporation Vapour Explosion), Fireball and so on, among them, we estimate explosion damage through UVCE model which is used in the event of explosion of high frequency and severe damage. When flammable gas in a tank is released to the air, firing it brings about explosion, then we can assess the effect of explosion. As 3D terrain information data is utilized to predict and estimate the extent of damage for each human and material. 3D terrain data with synthetic environment (SEDRIS) gives us more accurate damage prediction for industrial disaster and this research will show appropriate prediction results.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2020

본 연구에서는 Ag 금속입자가 기능화된 SnO₂ 나노선을 제작 및 저온 NO₂ 가스 센싱 특성을 평가하였다. Vapor-liquid-solid 공법을 이용하여 SnO₂ 나노선을 합성하였고, flame chemical vapour deposition 공법을 이용하여 Ag 금속입자를 SnO₂ 나노선 표면에 기능화하였다. 합성된 Ag 금속입자가 기능화된 SnO₂ 나노선을 이용하여 50℃에서 NO₂ 10 ppm에 대한 가스 센싱 테스트를 진행한 결과, 감응도(R_g/R_a) 1.252를 얻었다. 본 연구를 통하여, 금속입자가 기능화된 나노선을 이용한 저온동작 반도체식 가스센서의 산업 적용을 현실화 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.45-49
• /
• 1999

이온빔 보조 증착법을 이용하여 제작한 $SnO_2$박막을 기저 물질로한 가연성 센서에 catalyst로 ultra-thin Pd layer를 이온빔 스퍼터링으로 흡착시켰다. 가연성 기체의 센싱 메카니즘에서 Pd 촉매의 역할을 정확하게 조사하기 위해서 진공 및 공기 상에서 annealing 함으로서 Pd 촉매의 초기 산화 상태를 조절하였다. 촉매가 순수한 금속 Pd 클러스터 상태로 존재하는 $SnO_2$센서의 경우에는 PdO 클러스터가 있는 것에 비해 높은 감응성을 보였다. 이것은 PdO 클러스터가 표면 acceptor로 작용을 하는 것으로 생각되며 $SnO_2$로 부터 Pd sub-channel을 통해 전자를 받아 센서의 감도를 낮추고 응답시간을 늦추는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.192-197
• /
• 2009

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) were used as a catalyst support where catalytically active Pd and Pt metal particles decorated the outside of the external CNT walls. In this study, Pd and Pt nanoparticles supported on $HNO_3$-treated CNT were prepared by microwave-assisted heating of the polyol process using $PdCl_2$ and $H_2PtCl_6{\codt}6H_2O$ precursors, respectively, and were then characterized by SEM, TEM, and Raman. Raman spectroscopy showed that the acid treated CNT had a higher intensity ratio of $I_D/I_G$ compared to that of non-treated CNT, indicating the formation of defects or functional groups on CNT after chemical oxidation. Microwave irradiation for total two minutes resulted in the formation of Pd and Pt nanoparticles on the acid treated CNT. The sizes of Pd and Pt nanoparticles were found to be less than 10 nm and 3 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the $SnO_2$ films doped with CNT decorated by Pd and Pt nanoparticles were prepared, and then the $NO_2$ gas response of these sensor films was evaluated under $1{\sim}5\;ppm$ $NO_2$ concentration at $200^{\circ}C$. It was found that the sensing property of the $SnO_2$ film sensor on $NO_2$ gas was greatly improved by the addition of CNT-supported Pd and Pt nanoparticles.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제5권5호
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 1996

$WO_{3}$모물질에 Pt와 $SnO_{2}$ 활성촉매를 첨가하여 수 ppm정도의 NOx를 감지할 수 있는 후막형 NOx센서를 제조하였다. 센서의 최대 감도는 $250^{\circ}C$정도에서 얻을 수 있었으나, 회복속도를 고려하여 $330^{\circ}C$에서 특성실험을 실시하였다. 기존의 $WO_{3}$를 사용한 것보다 감도, 반응 및 회복 속도가 개선되었고 또한 뛰어난 선택성과 기체흐름에 대한 안정성을 보여주었다. 농도변화에 대한 선형성이 우수하게 나타남으로 계측기에 응용가능성을 보여주었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.191-202
• /
• 2024

지구 온난화는 대기 중 온실가스 농도 증가에 기인하여 전 세계적으로 이상기후를 유발하고 생태계와 인류에게 부정적인 영향을 미치고 있다. 이에 대응하여 각국은 다양한 방법으로 온실가스 감축을 시도하고 있으며, 해안 생태계가 흡수하는 탄소인 블루카본(blue carbon)에 대한 관심도 증가하고 있다. 블루카본은 그린카본(green carbon) 대비 탄소흡수 속도가 최대 50배 빠른 것으로 알려져 있어 기후 변화 대응에 있어 중요한 역할을 한다. 특히, 세계 5대 갯벌 중 하나인 대한민국의 갯벌은 생물 종 다양성이 풍부하고 뛰어난 탄소흡수원으로 평가되고 있다. 블루카본 관련 기존 연구에서는 갯벌의 탄소 저장량 및 연간 탄소 흡수량에 초점을 맞추었으나 위성자료를 활용하여 직접 갯벌의 면적 변화를 탐지하고 이를 탄소 저장량과 연계한 사례는 부족하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 다중시기 고해상도 위성자료인 PlanetScope 및 RapidEye 자료에 Direct Difference Water Index를 적용하여 연구지역인 낙동강 하구 갯벌의 면적 및 변화를 2013년부터 2023년 사이의 6개 시기에 대해 장기적으로 분석하고 시기별 탄소 저장량을 산정하였다. 분석 결과 연구지역 내 갯벌 면적은 조위 기준이 상이한 2013년 시기를 제외하였을 때 최소 약 9.38 km² (2022년), 최대 약 9.89 km² (2021년)로 연간 최대 약 5.4%가 변화하였으며 탄소 저장량은 최소 약 30,230.0 Mg C, 최대 31,893.7 Mg C로 산정되었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.228-240
• /
• 2023

Growing complexity in ecosystem structure and functions, under impacts of climate and land-use changes, requires interdisciplinary understandings of processes and the whole-system, and accurate estimates of the changing functions. In the last three decades, observation networks for biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem functions under climate change, have been developed by interested scientists, research institutions and universities. In this paper we will review (1) the development and on-going activities of those observation networks, (2) some outcomes from forest carbon cycle studies at our super-site "Takayama site" in Japan, and (3) a few ideas how we connect in-situ and satellite observations as well as fill observation gaps in the Asia-Oceania region. There have been many intensive research and networking efforts to promote investigations for ecosystem change and functions (e.g., Long-Term Ecological Research Network), measurements of greenhouse gas, heat, and water fluxes (flux network), and biodiversity from genetic to ecosystem level (Biodiversity Observation Network). Combining those in-situ field research data with modeling analysis and satellite remote sensing allows the research communities to up-scale spatially from local to global, and temporally from the past to future. These observation networks oftern use different methodologies and target different scientific disciplines. However growing needs for comprehensive observations to understand the response of biodiversity and ecosystem functions to climate and societal changes at local, national, regional, and global scales are providing opportunities and expectations to network these networks. Among the challenges to produce and share integrated knowledge on climate, ecosystem functions and biodiversity, filling scale-gaps in space and time among the phenomena is crucial. To showcase such efforts, interdisciplinary research at 'Takayama super-site' was reviewed by focusing on studies on forest carbon cycle and phenology. A key approach to respond to multidisciplinary questions is to integrate in-situ field research, ecosystem modeling, and satellite remote sensing by developing cross-scale methodologies at long-term observation field sites called "super-sites". The research approach at 'Takayama site' in Japan showcases this response to the needs of multidisciplinary questions and further development of terrestrial ecosystem research to address environmental change issues from local to national, regional and global scales.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.222-227
• /
• 2018

$Zn_{1-x}Co_x$ Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8(ZIF)(x = 0~0.05)를 2-methylimidazole을 사용하여 $Zn^{2+}$와 $Co^{2+}$를 공침시켜 합성하고, 이를 $600^{\circ}C$에서 2시간 열처리하여 순수한 ZnO 나노입자와 Co가 도핑된 ZnO 나노입자를 합성했다. x가 < 0.05일 경우, 2-methylimidazole 링커가 $Zn^{2+}$ 및 $Co^{2+}$ 모두에 강하게 배향되어 균질한 Zn/Co ZIFs가 합성되었으며, 열처리를 통해 Co가 균일하게 도핑된 ZnO를 합성할 수 있었다. 반면, $x{\geq}0.05$일 때는 불균질한 Zn/Co ZIFs가 합성되었으며, 열처리 이후 $Co_3O_4$ 이차상이 형성되었다. 합성된 나노입자들에 대한 가스감응특성 평가 결과, 3 at%의 Co가 도핑된 ZnO 센서는 순수한 ZnO와는 달리 trimethylamine에 대해 고감도, 고선택적 가스감응특성을 나타냈다. 본 연구의 bimetallic ZIF 유도 산화물 나노복합체 합성방법은 고성능 가스센서를 설계하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.