• KSBB Journal
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.642-648
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• 1996

본 연구에서는 에탄 자화균인 Methylosinus trichosporim OB3b를 이용하여 메탄으로부터 에탄올 생성에 관한 실험을 수행하였다. 에탄으로부터 에탄올을 생성하기 위해서는 메탄 산화과정 중 두번 째 효소인 methanol dehydrogenase 효소의 활성을 부분 저해해야 하므로 이를 위해 EDTA를 사용한 결과 EDTA가 methanol dehydrogenase의 저해제 임을 확인하였고 배지에 6mM EDTA를 첨가하였을 때 전혀 첨가하지 않았을 때와 비교하여 메탄올 생 성이 약 5배 정도 증가되어 lOmmole/L의 에탄율을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 Cu의 존재유무가 에단올 생성 에 미치는 영향을 실험한 결과 ImM Cu 존재시 $5\mu\textrm{M}$ Cu 존재하에 비해 메탄올 생성이 약 2.5배 증가되어 약 11mmole/L의 메탄올을 얻을 수 있었는데 이는 Cu 존재가 입자상(particulate) MMO의 생성을 촉 진시키며 생성된 이 세포 단위중량당 MMO 활성이 높은 pMMO가 에탄으로부터 에탄올의 생성을 촉진 시키는 것으로 생각된다. 그리고 온도가 에탄올 생 성에 미치는 영향을 실험한 결과 온도가 3TC에서 $30^{\circ}C , 25^{\circ}C$ 로 낮아점에 따라 생성 메단올 농도가 증 가하여 15.5mmole/L에 이르렀고 메탄 소비속도도 증가됨을 알 수 있였다. 또한 메단과 산소의 구생성 분비가 에탄올 생성에 미치는 영향을 실험한 결과 산소대비 에탄 농도가 증가할수록 생성 에탄올의 농 도 및 세포농도가 증가됨을 알 수 였다. 그리하여 50% 메탄, 50% 산소 존재하에 비해 70% 에탄, 30% 산소 경우에는 약 50% 증가된 15.3 mmole/L 농도의 머l단올을 얻을 수가 있였으며 세포농도도 많이 증가됨을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.302-312
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• 2019

The voltage produced from the salinity gradient in reverse electrodialysis (RED) increases proportionally with the number of cell pairs of alternating cation and anion exchange membranes. Large-scale RED systems consisting of hundreds of cell pairs exhibit high voltage of more than 10 V, which is sufficient to utilize water electrolysis as the electrode reaction even though there is no specific strategy for minimizing the overpotential of water electrolysis. Moreover, hydrogen gas can be simultaneously obtained as surplus energy from the electrochemical reduction of water at the cathode if the RED system is equipped with proper venting and collecting facilities. Therefore, RED-driven water electrolysis system can be a promising solution not only for sustainable electric power but also for eco-friendly hydrogen production with high purity without $CO_2$ emission. The RED system in this study includes a high membrane voltage from more than 50 cells, neutral-pH water as the electrolyte, and an artificial NaCl solution as the feed water, which are more universal, economical, and eco-friendly conditions than previous studies on RED with hydrogen production. We measure the amount of hydrogen produced at maximum power of the RED system using a batch-type electrode chamber with a gas bag and evaluate the interrelation between the electric power and hydrogen energy with varied cell pairs. A hydrogen production rate of $1.1{\times}10^{-4}mol\;cm^{-2}h^{-1}$ is obtained, which is larger than previously reported values for RED system with simultaneous hydrogen production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1280-1286
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• 2016

This study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects of medicinal herb extracts (MHEs) on ruminal fermentation characteristics and the inhibition of protozoa to reduce methane production in the rumen. A fistulated Hanwoo was used as a donor of rumen fluid. The MHEs (T1, Veratrum patulum; T2, Iris ensata var. spontanea; T3, Arisaema ringens; T4, Carduus crispus; T5, Pueraria thunbergiana) were added to the in vitro fermentation bottles containing the rumen fluid and medium. Total volatile fatty acid (tVFA), total gas production, gas profiles, and the ruminal microbe communities were measured. The tVFA concentration was increased or decreased as compared to the control, and there was a significant (p<0.05) difference after 24 h incubation. pH and ruminal disappearance of dry matter did not show significant difference. As the in vitro ruminal fermentation progressed, total gas production in added MHEs was increased, while the methane production was decreased compared to the control. In particular, Arisaema ringens extract led to decrease methane production by more than 43%. In addition, the result of real-time polymerase chain reaction indicted that the protozoa population in all added MHEs decreased more than that of the control. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that MHEs could have properties that decrease ruminal methanogenesis by inhibiting protozoa species and might be promising feed additives for ruminants.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.801-811
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• 2020

The main objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate red ginseng byproduct (RGP) as a protein resource and its effects on rumen fermentation characteristics, microflora, CO2, and CH4 production in ruminants. Four treatments for in vitro fermentation using buffered rumen fluid over a 48 h incubation period were used: 1, RGP; 2, corn gluten feed (CGF); 3, wheat gluten (WG); and 4, corn germ meal. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD), in vitro crude protein digestibility (IVCPD), volatile fatty acids, pH, and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) were estimated after 48 h incubation. Gas production was investigated after 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h. The CO2 and CH4 were evaluated after 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. A significant difference in total gas production and CO2 emissions was observed (p < 0.01) at all incubation times. CH4 production in RGP were higher (p < 0.05) than that in other treatments but a higher CH4 portion in the total gas production was observed in WG (p < 0.05) at 48 h incubation. The IVDMD, IVNDFD, and IVCPD of RGP was lower than those of other conventional ingredients (p < 0.01). The RGP had the lowest NH3-N value among the treatments (p < 0.01). The RGP also had the lowest total VFA concentration (p < 0.01), but presented the highest acetate proportion and acetate to propionate ratio among the treatments (both, p < 0.01). The abundance of Prevotella ruminicola was higher in RGP than in WG (p < 0.01), whereas RGP has lower methanogenic archaea (p < 0.01). In conclusion, based on the nutritive value, IVDMD, low NH3-N, and decreased methanogenic archaea, RGP inclusion as a protein source in ruminant diets can be an option in replacing conventional feed sources.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.22-26
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 하루 50 kg의 DME를 생산하기 위한 파일럿 플랜트를 Aspen Plus를 사용하여 전산모사 하였다. 전체 DME 분리공정의 모델링을 위하여 NRTL 액체 활동도계수 모델식을 사용하였으며 light 가스 성분의 용매의 용해도 추산을 위해서 Henry의 법칙을 사용하였으며 기상의 비이상성을 계산하기 위해서 SRK 상태방정식 모델식을 사용하였다. 전산모사 결과로 DME 분리탑의 중간 제품으로써 98 wt% 이상의 순도를 갖는 DME를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국자원리싸이클링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2001년도 정기총회 특별강연 및 춘계학술연구발표회(2)
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• pp.85-91
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• 2001

This paper provides a case study of landfill gas (LFG) utilization fer direct use as process fuel, and for electrical power generation at restored landfills in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China (HKSAR). The paper specifically covers the LFG utilization schemes, which are required under landfill restoration contracts at the Shuen Wan and Urban Landfills. These contracts provide for the restoration and aftercare of six landfills, and are administered by the Environmental Protection Department (EPD) of the Hong Kong Government. The LFG utilization scheme at the Shuen Wan Landfill incorporates the direct use of LFG by compressing and dehumidifying the LFG prior to conveyance through a 1.6-kilometer (1-mile) pipeline. The pipeline provides an alternate fuel source to naphtha during process heating for gas production at the Tai Po Gas Production Plant of the Hong Kong and China Gas Limited (HKCC). The LFG utilization scheme at the Jordan Valley Landfill (one of the Urban Landfills) beneficially uses the LFG as fuel for electrical power generation with reciprocating internal combustion engines. The LFG is compressed, cooled, and filtered prior to delivery to two engine/generator sets. This system provides power to operate the leachate pre-treatment plant, which processes leachate from all of the Urban Landfill sites. The case study will examine the technical and non-technical considerations, including harriers, for developing, designing and implementing the LFG utilization projects in Hong Kong. Specific regulatory considerations and external governmental agency approvals are discussed, including the requirement to register as a gas-producing utility. While the paper focuses on LFG utilization applications in Hong Kong, many of the considerations discussed are also applicable to development of LFG utilization in other regions of Asia.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.60-60
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• 2017

It is important to measure the gas exchange activity of the crops in canopy scale to understand the process of biomass production and yield formation. Thermal imaging of the canopy surface temperature is a powerful tool to detect the gas exchange activity of the crop canopy. The simultaneous measurement of the canopy temperature and the meteorological data enables us to calculate the canopy diffusive conductance ($g_c$) based on the heat flux model (Monteith et al. 1973, Horie et al. 2006). It is, however, difficult to realize the long-term and continuous monitoring of $g_c$ due to the occurrence of the calculation error caused by the fluctuation of the environmental condition. This is partly because the model assumption is too simple to describe the meteorological and aerodynamic conditions of the crop canopy in the field condition. Here we report the novel method of the direct measurement of the aerodynamic resistance ($r_a$) of the crop canopy, which enables us the stable and continuous measurement of the gas exchange capacity of the crop plants. The modified heat balance model shows the improved performance to quantify $g_c$ under the fluctuating meteorological condition in the field. The relationship between $g_c$ and biomass production of rice and soybean varieties is also discussed in the presentation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.435-444
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• 1999

This paper summarizes the size and output of the major animal industries in Australia and the feed resource available to maintain production. The most important feed source is pasture but there is also extensive use of cereal grains, pulses and by-products in the intensive animal industries and in supplementing the diet of grazing animals. These resources must be used in ways that ensure sustainable production. We outline a number of Decision Support Systems such as GrazFeed, GrassGro, and AusPig which play an important role in optimizing the way in which resources are used. Waste management with respect to mineral pollution of water courses and methane production as a greenhouse gas are important issues for the animal industries and are also considered.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.95-108
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• 2007

There are several methods for the hydrogen production such as steam reforming of natural gas, photocatalytic method, biological method, electrolysis and thermochemical method, etc. These days it has been widely studying for the hydrogen production method having low hydrogen production cost and high efficiency. In this paper, patents in the hydrogen production by water electrolysis were gathered and analyzed. The search range was limited in the open patents of USA(US), European Union(EP), Japan(JP), and Korea(KR) from 1996 to 2005. Patents were gathered by using key-words searching and filtered by filtering criteria. The trends of the patents was analyzed by the years, countries, companies, and technologies.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2007

There are several methods for the hydrogen production such as steam reforming of natural gas, photochemical method, biological method, electrolysis and thermochemical method, etc. Many researches have been widely performed for the hydrogen production method having low production cost and high efficiency. In this paper, the patents concerning the photochemical hydrogen production method were gathered and analyzed. The search range was limited in the open patents of USA(US), European Union(EP), Japan(JP), and Korea(KR) from 1996 to 2005. Patents were gathered by using key-words searching and filtered by filtering criteria. The patent application trend was analyzed by the years, countries, companies, and technologies.