• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.79-88
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• 1998

본 연구는 공기를 주입하여 매립지가스를 치환하고자 할 때 공기공급방법이 매립지가스제거에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 실시하였다. 공기공급방법으로는 공기를 직접 불어넣는 방법과 매립지가스를 추출함으로써 대기중의 공기가 내부로 유입되도록 하는 방법을 사용하였다. 또한 한 주입정에서 공기를 주입하고 동시에 다른 추출정에서 가스를 추출하는 공정도 실시하여 운전모드에 따른 매립지가스 제거 효율을 비교검토하였다. 공기주입 및 가스추출시 유량은 15$\textrm{m}^3$/min으로 동일하였다. 추출모드나 주입/추출모드로 운전하는 것보다 공기주입모드로 운전하는 것이 매립지가스 제거에 가장 효과적이었으며 추출모드는 매립지가스 제거에 가장 적합하지 못하였다. 공기주입과 추출을 동시에 실시하는 경우에도 주입모드에 비하여 매립지가스 제거효율을 크게 향상시키지는 못하였다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 유류로 오염된 현장 주유소를 대상으로 토양증기추출 공정 적용시 연속추출과 간헐추출 운전의 효율성을 검토하였다. 공기주입 후 압력을 측정한 결과 동일 조건에서도 공기주입정 헤드(head) 압력이 상이하게 나타나 실험부지내 토양이 매우 불균일하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 간헐식은 1시간 가동 후 3시간 정지시켰으며, 연속식은 50분 가동 후 10분 휴지하는 것을 연속추출한 것으로 가정하였다. 송풍기의 용량은 $1m^3/min$이었다. 추출모드의 영향실험은 오염농도가 심한 두 지점을 선정하여 실시하였으며, 48시간 동안 온라인 모니터링으로 측정한 TPHgas 농도를 적산하여 비교한 결과 1시간 가동 후 3시간 휴지한 간헐추출모드가 연속추출모드보다 높게 나타났다. 일반적으로 토양증기추출 공정이 장기간 가동된다는 점을 고려한다면 오염가스 휘발량, 전력비용, 그리고 시설의 감가상각비 등에서 볼 때 간헐추출모드로 운전하는 것이 연속추출모드 보다 더 유리할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 1999

본 연구는 토양 및 지하수 오염의 정화방법으로써 토양증기 추출법을 이용할 경우, 이의 효율적 운용을 위하여 추출공 주변에 차단벽을 설치할 경우, 추출펌프유량의 크기 및 펌프가동의 형태 등이 제거효율에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 수치해석을 이용하여 검토하였다. 그 결과 추출공 주위에 차단벽을 설치할 경우 및 추출펌프의 운용을 단속적으로 실시하였을 경우, 추출공 주변에 고농도의 가스분포를 밀집시킴으로 인해 고농도의 가스를 제거할 수 있게 되어 제거율이 상승하였다. 추출유량의 크기변화가 TCE가스의 제거율에 미치는 영향을 추출유량이 클수록 상승하지만 TCE가스의 정화효율은 추출유량의 크기에는 의존하지 않는다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.285-288
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• 2003

When the soil vapor extraction as a remediation method of contaminated soil and groundwater has been used, the effects of curtain wall, mode of pump operation were examined by numerical simulation. Consequently, it was found that the removal rate was enhanced in case that the curtain wall was established around the extraction well with the extraction pumps operated alternatively. It was because that the removal of high density gas around the extraction well was possible.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.175-181
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• 1994

The solid-phase extraction (SPF) with subsequent tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) derivatization was investigated for the rapid profiling and screening of various carboxylated non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) simultaneously in biological fluid samples. Compared to the conventional SPF in adsorption mode using Chromosorb 102, Chromosorb 107, Carbopak B and Thermosorb, the SPF in partition mode using Chromosorb P as the adsorbent, and ethyl acetate/methylene chloride as the eluting solvents provided hightest overall recovenies of the NSAIDs from aqueous solutions with good precision. The solid-phase extracted NASIDs were silylated with N-methyl-N-(tert-butyldimethylsily)trifuoroacetamide to TBDMS derivatives and directly analyzed by capillary gas chromatography and gs chromatography-mass spectrometry. The usefulness of the present method was examined for the profilling and screening of saliva, serum and urine samples for various NSAIDs simultaneously.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2023

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are used illegally to enhance muscle development and increase strength and power. In this study, a reliable, and sensitive quantitative method was developed and validated using heptafluorobutyric acid anhydride (HFPA) derivatives for the simultaneous detection of prohibited AAS (testosterone [TS], boldenone [BD], 5α-estrane-3β,17α-diol [EAD]) using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). For processing the samples, solid phase extraction, methanolic hydrolysis, and liquid-liquid extraction were used. For detection using mass spectrometry, the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used with the electron ionization (EI) positive mode. The method was evaluated for selectivity, linearity, lower limit of quantification, intra- and inter-day precision, accuracy, and stability. The results showed that the method was accurate and reproducible for the quantitation of the three steroids. The developed method was finally applied to the analysis of a suspect gelding urine sample received from the Asian Quality Assurance Program (AQAP).

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1993

In an attempt to quantitate and qualitate residual antibiotics and antibacterial agents n meat simultaneously, we studied a gas chromatogrphy-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. For a simultaneous analysis of macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin and tylosin in meat, the homogenization with MeOH, defatting with n-hexane, extraction with CHCl3, elution with CHCl3 : MeOH=2:1 from Sep-Pak silica cartridge, acid gydrolysis, back extraction with CHCl3, and quantitation by selected ion monitoring(SIM) mode after trimethylsilyl derivatization were performed. The recoveries of erythromycin and tylosin (CV,%) at 10 ppm fortification level were 90.59(4.89) and 45.91(0.20) , and the detection limits of those were 0.02 and 2.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g beef, respectively. From these results, the developed analytical method using GC/MS-SIM mode allows excellent detection and quantitation of residual macrolide antibiotics in meats, using complementary method with bio-assay.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2009

An analytical method based on solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography / mass spectrometry has been developed for measurement of acaricides (amitraz, bromopropylate, coumaphos, cymiazole, and tetradifon) in honey sample. In the stability test of acaricides in honey, amitraz underwent a rapid degradation into 2,4-dimethylaniline (DMA), 2,4-dimethylphenylformamide (DMPF), and N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N'-methylformamidine (DMPMF), whileas other acaricides were found to be stable even for over three months. Extraction of five acaricides from 5g of honey sample was carried out by liquid-liquid extraction using 20mL of ethylacetate. For purification, Florisil-SPE cartridge with elution of 5mL of n-hexane/ acetone (55:45, v/v) was found to remove interferences effectively. Quantification was performed using gas chromatography / mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode. Spiking experiments were carried out to determine the recovery, precision, and limits of detection (LODs) of the method. The overall recovery values from honey spiked at 0.02 and 0.20 ${\mu}g/g$ levels, respectively, were found to be greater than 75% for all acaricides. The method detection limits for acaricides were ranged from 0.1 to 3 ppb. The developed method in this study was applied for the monitoring of acaricides in honey products collected from urban markets in Korea.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.120-143
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• 2018

The analytical methods and their ambient levels of organic nitrogenous compounds such as nitrosamines, nitramines (nitroamines), imines, amides and nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) in the atmosphere are summarized and discussed. Sampling for the analysis of organic nitrogenous compounds was mostly conducted using high volume air sampler. The direct liquid extraction (DLE) using sonification and the pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) using the accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) have been frequently employed for the extraction of organic nitrogenous compounds in the atmospheric samples. After extraction, clean-up via filtration and the solid phase extraction (SPE) and concentrations using nitrogen and rotary evaporator have been generally conducted but in some studies the clean-up and concentration steps have been omitted to prevent the loss of analyte and improve the recovery rate of the analytical procedure. Instrumental analysis was mainly carried out using gas chromatography (GC) or the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with the single quadrupole mass spectrometer or tandem mass spectrometer in the electron ionization (EI), positive chemical ionization (PCI) and negative chemical ionization (NCI) mode and analysis sensitivity of nitrosamines and nitramines were higher in NCI mode. Desirable sampling and analysis methods for analyzing particulate organic nitrogenous compounds are suggested.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.539-543
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• 2004

An efficient analytical method was devised for the accurate L-muscone assay in aqueous samples. It involves solid-phase extraction of L-muscone in adsorption mode using XAD-4 as the sorbent and dichloromethane modified with 10% (v/v) methanol as the eluting solvent. The gas chromatographic analysis of the eluate residue dissolved in toluene on a DB-5MS capillary column provided complete resolution of L-muscone from the co-extracted interferences. The overall method showed excellent linearity ($r^2{\geq}$ 0.9994) in the range of 0.1 to 2.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL with good intra- and inter-day precisions (% RSD = 2.5～7.3) and with high extraction recovery rates ($\geq$ 98.1 %). When the present method was applied to a L-muscone herbal drink product, the within-batch RE (%) in the labeled concentration (1.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) for the three randomly chosen bottles were -2.4, -1.3 and -3.3 with high precision (% RSD $\leq$ 3.1). The present method is considered to be suitable for quality control evaluation on liquid drinks and other complex formulations fortified with L-muscone.