• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.57-58
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• 2005

• Korean Deer Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.12-21
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• 1991

Several experiments were carried for the purpose of establishing the basis for the quality evaluation of deer horn. Deer horn originated from China, New Zealand, Soviet and Alaska were used as objectives and some constituents involved in deer horn were as

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.54-57
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• 2017

Distal acquired demyelinating symmetric (DADS) neuropathy is a variant form of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. A 54-year-old man presented with gait disturbance owing to weakness in both legs. Nerve conduction studies showed demyelinating sensorimotor polyneuropathy, and laboratory studies demonstrated anti-GM1 and anti-GD1b IgG antibodies, but no anti-myelin associated glycoprotein activity. We suggest that an antiganglioside antibodies assay needs to be applied when DADS neuropathy is suspected in order to improve the classification of dysimmune neuropathies.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.89-92
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• 2007

A 33-year-old women developed weakness in all limbs 3 days prior to admission. Motor examination showed decreased strength in all limbs, but sensory examination was normal. Deep tendon reflexes were areflexia. Electrophysiological examination showed conduction blocks with nearly normal conduction velocities and terminal latencies in motor nerves and normal amplitudes and velocities in sensory nerves. Her serum was positive for IgG antibodies to gangliosides GM1, GD1b, and galactocerebroside. Acute motor conduction block neuropathy may be another variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome.

• Journal of Neurocritical Care
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.134-136
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• 2018

Background: Recently, anti-ganglioside complex (GSC) antibodies were discovered among the various subtypes of Guillain-$Barr{\acute{e}}$ syndrome. GSC is the novel glycoepitopes formed by two individual ganglioside molecules. Case Report: We present a 36-year-old man with overlap Miller Fisher syndrome and acute bulbar palsy who had anti-GSC antibody that provided diagnostic robustness. Conclusion: Anti-GSC testing could be considered important in patients who show atypical manifestation with negative antibody reaction against each constituent ganglioside.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 2022

Facial diplegia (FD) rarely occurs as a regional Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) variant. A 70-year-old male presented with bifacial weakness that had started on the left side and extended to the right after several days. He was then treated using steroids and gradually improved. Serum antiganglioside antibody testing revealed positivity for anti-GM1 IgG antibodies. FD can be idiopathic, but it is an uncommon GBS variant. The ganglioside antibody test may increase the possibility of diagnosing isolated FD.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 1998

The polysialic acid (polySia) glycotope covalently modifies cell surface glycoconjugates on cells as evolutionarily diverse as microbes and human. The recent chemical identification of polysialylated glycoproteins in the jelly coat and on the cell surface of the sea urchin egg raises important questions about their biosynthesis and possible function. Using CMP-[$^{14}$ C]Neu5Ac as substrate and cell free preparations from eggs and embryos of the sea urchin Stronglylcentrotus nudus, we have identified a membrane associated CMP-Neu5Ac:poly-$\alpha$2, 8 sialosyl sialyltransferase (polyST) that transfers Neu5Ac to an endogenous acceptor. Optimal conditions for the polyST activity were found to be 2$0^{\circ}C$ in 20 mM MOPS buffer (pH 7.0). The polyST activity was increased 2.7 times by the addition of 10 mM $Mg^2$$^{+}$. The membrane-associated polyST also catalyzed the polysialylation of mammalian ganglioside GD3. Given that no structurally similar natural polysialylated gangliosides have been described, nor were observed in the present study, we conclude that a single polyST activity catalyzes sialylation of the endogenous acceptor and the gangliosides. Using an excess of GD3 as an exogenous acceptor, it was established that the expression of the polyST in S. nudus embryos increased rapidly at the mesenchyme blastula stage and reached at maximum at the gastrula stage. The finding that this polyST in the sea urchin embryo is developmentally regulated raises the possibility that it may play a role in the changing cell and tissue interactions that occur during gastrulation and the early stages of spicule formation.n.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.315-320
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• 2011

Routinely applicable HPLC assay procedures for the ganglioside content in various deer antler preparations were established through the creation of a UV-absorbing chromophoric substance - trans-${\alpha},{\beta}$-unsaturated-hexadecene-aldehyde - from the sphingosine moiety in ganglioside molecules by two step chemical reactions. In order to guarantee the assay's accuracy and sensitivity, the HPLC-assay procedure adopted internal reference procedures by mixing cis-${\alpha},{\beta}$-unsaturated-hexadecene aldehyde[V] or cis-3-heptadecene- 1,2-diol[IV] to assay samples. The internal reference compound [IV] or [V] was synthesized in our laboratory starting from mannitol-diacetonide through three or four step organic reactions. This new HPLC-assay procedure was successfully applied to deer antler extracts with good dose-dependent calibration curves at the picomole level of gangliosides.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.235-243
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• 1983

In the present study, in attempt was made to observe the effect of lipid components in pantocrin and antler velvet and sponge layers extracts on the aldolase activity in the rat spinal nerves. The antler chloroform-methanol (2:1) extracts are known to be composed of neutral lipids, cholesterol, cerebrosides, spingomyelin, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine and gangliosides. The antler extracts were studied on the aldolase activity in the rat spinal nerves. The aldolase activity was measured by the method of Lehninger. To investigate the components of tile extracts which affect the enzyme activity, the chloroform-methanol (2:1) extracts of antler were fractionated into petroleum ether soluble and insoluble fractions and their effects on the enzyme activity were compared. It was found that the chloroform-methanol (2:1) extracts of the antler sponge and velvet layers as well as those petroleum ether soluble fractions obtained from the chloroform-methanol (2:1) extracts, decrease the aldolase activity by 18-23%. However, pantocrin showed increasing effect on the aldolase activity by 42.6%. The petroleum ether insoluble fraction of the chloroform-methanol (2:1) -extract showed no significant increasing activity (about 13%) on the spinal nerves aldolase. The components of pantocrin ind the petroleum ether insoluble fractions were attempted to analysize by thin layer (silica gel) and gas liquid chromatography.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.864-869
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• 1995

Investigation of the structures of the gangliosides has proven to be very important in the understanding of their biological roles such as regulation of differentiation and growth of cells. We used nuclear magnetic resonance spectros-copy in order to investigate the structure of GA1. In order to do this, the assignment of spectra is a prerequisite. Since GA1 does not have polar sialic acid, the spectral overlap is severe. In order to solve this problem, we use 2D NMR spectroscopy and heteronuclear 1H/13C correlated spectroscopy in this study. Here, we report the complete assignment of the proton and the carbon spectra of the GA1 in DMSO-d6-D20 (98:2, v/v). These assignments will be useful for interpreting 1H and 13C NMR data from uncharacterized oligosaccharides and for determining the linkage position, the number of sugar rings, and the sequence of new ganglioside. Amide proton in ring Ⅲ shows many interring nOes and has intramolecular hydrogen bonding. This appears to be an important factor in tertiary folding of GA1. Based on this assignment, determination of three dimensional structure of GA1 will be carried out. Studies on the conformational properties of GA1 may lead to a better understanding of the molecular basis of its functions.