• 미생물학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2009

계통적으로 근연하며 지리적 분포가 유사한 두 종의 Spirastrella 속의 해양 해면, S. panis와 S. abata의 배양 가능한 공생세균 군집구조를 16S rDNA-RFLP 방법에 의해 분석하였다. 공생세균의 배양은 해면추출물 3%를 포함하는 MA 배지를 사용하였다. 증폭된 16S rDNA의 RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) 분석을 위한 제한효소로 HaeIII와 MspI을 이용하였으며, 그 결과 24개의 RFLP type을 구별할 수 있었다. 각 패턴별로 1~5개의 분리균주를 선별하여 부분 염기서열 분석 결과, 알려진 세균 종과 98.4% 이상의 유사도를 나타내었으며 2종의 Spirastrella 해면으로부터 분리된 세균들은 모두 Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria 4개의 강(class)에 포함되었다. Alphaproteobacteria는 S. abata에서 39.3%, S. panis에서 47.6%가 관찰되어 두 해면에서 우점하는 세균 군집이었다. Gammaproteobacteria의 경우 S. abata에서 38.5%로 관찰된 반면 S. panis에서 1.6%의 아주 적은 비율로 관찰되었다. 또한 Bacillus (phylum Firmicutes) 종은 S. abata에서 9.7%를 나타낸 반면, S. panis에서는 44.3%의 분포를 나타내었다. Planococcus maritimus (8.1%, phylum Firmicutes)와 Psychrobacter nivimaris (28.9%, phylum Gammaproteobacteria)는 S. abata에서만 관찰되어 이들은 S. abata에 특이적인 세균 종임을 알 수 있었다. 같은 장소에 서식하는 계통적으로 근연한 두 종의 해면에서 공생세균의 군집 구조는 차이가 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.366-374
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• 2010

비배양에 근거한 16S rDNA-DGGE fingerprinting 방법을 적용하여 공생세균 군집구조를 조사하였다. Zobell 배지와 천일염 배지를 사용하여 총 164균주를 선별하였다. 이들 균주로 부터 증폭한 16S rDNA를 제한효소 HaeIII와 MspI을 사용하여 절단한 후 각각의 다른 RFLP 패턴으로 구분하였다. RFLP패턴으로부터 유래한 16S rDNA의 염기서열 분석 결과, 알려진 염기서열들과 95% 이상의 유사도를 나타내었으며 Proteobacteria (Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria), Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes의 4개의 문이 나타났으며 우점 군집은 Alphaproteobacteria였다. 해면에서 분리한 total gDNA로 부터 증폭한 16S rDNA의 DGGE 분석 결과 5개의 DGGE band가 확인 되었고, 각각의 band의 염기서열 분석 결과 알려진 염기서열들과 96% 이상의 유사도를 나타내었으며 band로부터 밝혀진 모든 서열들은 배양되지 않은 세균 클론들과 높은 상동성을 나타내었다. DGGE에 의한 공생세균 군집은 Proteobacteria (Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria), Actinobacteria, Spirochetes, Chloroflexi로 4개의 문(phylum)으로 나타났다. Spirastrella abata의 공생세균 군집에 대한 RFLP와 DGGE 적용 결과, Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria의 공통 세균 그룹이 발견되었으나 전체적인 공생세균 군집구조는 분석 방법에 따른 차이를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.241-253
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• 2016

In 2014, as a subset study to discover indigenous prokaryotic species in Korea, a total of 33 bacterial strains assigned to the class Gammaproteobacteria were isolated from diverse environmental samples collected from soil, tidal flat, freshwater, seawater, oil-contaminated soil, and guts of animal. From the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>98.5%) and formation of a robust phylogenetic clade with the closest species, it was determined that each strain belonged to each independent and predefined bacterial species. There is no official report that these 33 species have been described in Korea; therefore, 1 strain of the Aeromonadales, 6 strains of the Alteromonadales, 3 strains of the Chromatiales, 5 strains of the Enterobacteriales, 4 strains of the Oceanospirillales, 11 strains of the Pseudomonadales, and 3 strains of the Xanthomonadales within the Gammaproteobacteria are described for unreported bacterial species in Korea. Gram reaction, colony and cell morphology, basic biochemical characteristics, and isolation sources are also described in the species description section.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2010

2009년 4월 제주도의 운진항에서 채집한 해양 해면 Spirastrella abata와 Cinachyrella sp.의 공생 세균의 주요 군집구조를 16SrDNA-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) 방법을 이용하여 비교 분석하였다. S. abata와 Cinachyrella sp.는 각각 7개와 8개의 DGGE 밴드를 나타내었으며 이들을 적출하여 염기서열을 분석한 결과, NCBI에 등록된 서열들과 92-100%의 유사도를 나타내었다. S. abata의 주요 공생세균은 Alphaproteobacteria와 Deltaproteobacteria에 속하였으며, Cinachyrella sp.의 경우 Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria와 Actinobacteria에 속하는 세균으로 구성되었다. 두 종의 해면에서 공통되는 공생세균 그룹은 Alphaproteobacteria였으며 이 세균 그룹은 두 종의 해면 모두에서 우점하였다. Deltaproteobacteria는 S. abata에서, Actinobacteria와 Gammaproteobacteria는 Cinachyrella sp.에서만 관찰되었다. 동일지역에서 채집한 서로 다른 두 종의 해면은 각각 다른 공생세균 군집구조를 나타내었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2010

남태평양에 서식하는 두 종의 해면 Hyrtios sp. 604와 Callyspongia sp. 612로부터 16S rDNA DGGE 방법을 이용하여 공생세균 군집의 다양성을 분석하였다. DGGE band로부터 염기서열 분석 결과, Hytrios sp. 604의 공생세균은 Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes로 나타났으며, Callyspongia sp. 612의 공생세균 그룹은 Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria로 나타났다. 풍부한 이차대사산물의 생산자로 보고된 Hyrtios 해면 속의 Hyrtios sp. 604는 Callyspongia sp. 612에 비해 더 다양한 공생세균 군집을 나타내었으며 주요 공생세균 군집으로 Actionobacteria가 포함되었다. 동일 지역에 서식하나 화학적 특성이 다른 두 해면 종의 세균 군집은 서로 다른 것으로 나타났다. 발견된 공생세균의 염기서열은 90% 이상이 uncultured clone들과 높은 상동성을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.319-336
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• 2019

During an investigation of unrecorded prokaryotic species in Republic of Korea, a total of 53 bacterial strains belonging to the class Gammaproteobacteria were isolated from soil, seawater, tidal flats, rhizosphere, salt ponds, beach sand, urine, manure, sediment, and animal intestine (Russian grayling butterfly [Hipparchia autonoe], mouse [Mus musculus], and sea bass [Lateolabrax japonicus]). Strains were identified to species using the 16S rRNA gene sequence, showing high similarity (>98.7%) with the closest bacterial species and forming a robust clade in the neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. The 53 strains of Gammaproteobacteria in this study have not been report previously in Korea. Therefore, we describe 27 genera of 16 families in 7 orders: 13 strains in the order Alteromonadales, 1 strain in the order Chromatiales, 11 strains in the order Enterobacterales, 7 strains in the order Oceanospirillales, 10 strains in the order Pseudomonadales, 8 strains in the order Vibrionales, and 3 strains in the order Xanthomonadales. Gram reaction, strain ID, isolation source, and morphological and basic biochemical characteristics are described for each species.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.188-200
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• 2016

During recent screening to discover indigenous prokaryotic species in South Korea, a total of 31 bacterial strains assigned to the class Gammaproteobacteria were isolated from a variety of environmental samples including soil, tidal flat, freshwater, seawater, and plant roots. From the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>98.7%) and formation of a robust phylogenetic clade with the closest species, it was determined that each strain belonged to each independent and predefined bacterial species. There is no official report that these 31 species have been described in South Korea; therefore 5 species of 3 genera in the order Alteromonadales, 11 species of 3 genera in the order Pseudomonadales, 8 species of 6 genera in the order Enterobacteriales, 2 species of 1 genera in the order Vibrionales, 1 species of 1 genera in the order Oceanospirillales, 3 species of 3 genera in the order Xanthomonadales, and 1 species in the order Spongiibacter_o within the Gammaproteobacteia are reported for proteobacterial species found in South Korea. Gram reaction, colony and cell morphology, basic biochemical characteristics, isolation source, and strain IDs are also described in the species description section.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.109-126
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• 2015

As a subset study to discover indigenous prokaryotic species in Korea, a total of 39 bacterial strains assigned to the classes Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were isolated from diverse environmental samples collected from soil, tidal flat, freshwater, seawater, seaweed, wetland, plant roots, guts of insects, and fermented foods. From the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>99.1%) and formation of a robust phylogenetic clade with the closest species, it was determined that each strain belonged to each independent and predefined bacterial species. There is no official report that these 39 species have been described in Korea; therefore 4 species of 4 genera in the order Burkholderiales and 1 species in the order Neisseriales within the class Betaproteobacteria, and 10 species of 6 genera in the order Alteromonadales, 11 species of 3 genera in the order Pseudomonadales, 4 species of 4 genera in the order Enterobacteriales, 2 species of 2 genera in the order Vibrionales, 1 species in the order Aeromonadales, 3 species of 3 genera in the order Oceanospirillales, 2 species of 2 genera in the order Xanthomonadales, and 1 species in the order Chromatiales within the Gammaproteobacteia are reported for proteobacterial species found in Korea. Gram reaction, colony and cell morphology, basic biochemical characteristics, isolation source, and strain IDs are also described in the species description section.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.24-35
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• 2018

During a series of extensive surveys of prokaryotic species diversity in Korea, bacterial strains belonging to Gammaproteobacteria were isolated from various sources of aquatic and terrestrial environments. A total of 39 isolates were obtained, which represented 39 unrecorded species in Korea belonging to 20 genera in 12 families. Enterobacteriaceae was the largest family, as eight species were assigned, which was followed by Moraxellaceae (6 species) and Pseudomonadaceae (5 species). At the genus level, Marinobacter (6 species), and Pseudomonas (5 species) were the main genera, and at least two species were obtained for Acinetobacter (3 species), Psychrobacter (3 species), Shewanella (2 species), Dickeya (2 species), Salinivibrio (2 species), Vibrio (2 species) and Rhodanobacter(2 species). The detailed description of each unrecorded species is provided.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.101-118
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• 2017

In an investigation of indigenous prokaryotic species in Korea, a total of 57 bacterial strains assigned to the classes Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were isolated from diverse environments. Samples were collected from fresh water, natural caves, soil, paddy fields, lakes, sea water, jeotgal (fermented seafood), salt flats, soil from abandoned mines, plant roots, digestive organs of both Japanese crested ibis (Nipponia nippon) and Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus) and tidal flats. From the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>98.7%) and formation of robust phylogenetic clades with closely related species, it was determined that each strain belonged to an independent and predefined bacterial species within either the Betaproteobacteria or Gammaproteobacteria. There is no official report or publication that describes these 57 proteobacterial species in Korea. Overall, in the class Betaproteobacteria there were 16 species in 12 genera of 4 families in the order Burkholderiales and two species in two genera of one family in the order Neisseriales. Within the class Gammaproteobacteia, there were five species in four genera of four families in the order Alteromonadales, 12 species in 11 genera of one family in the order Enterobacteriales, four species in four genera of three families in the order Oceanospirillales, 11 species in four genera of two families in the order Pseudomonadales, two species in the order Vibrionales and five species in five genera of one family in the order Xanthomonadales. Gram reaction, colony and cell morphology, basic biochemical characteristics, isolation source and strain IDs are described in the species description section.