• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.804-811
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• 2013

The effects and significance of ${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid (GABA) producing bacteria (GPB) on in vitro rumen fermentation and reduction of biogenic amines (histamine, methylamine, ethylamine, and tyramine) using corn meal as a substrate were determined. Ruminal samples collected from ruminally fistulated Holstein cows served as inoculum and corn was used as substrate at 2% dry matter (DM). Different inclusion rates of GPB and GABA were evaluated. After incubation, addition of GPB had no significant effect on in vitro fermentation pH and total gas production, but significantly increased the ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) concentration and reduced the total biogenic amines production (p<0.05). Furthermore, antioxidation activity was improved as indicated by the significantly higher concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) among treated samples when compared to the control (p<0.05). Additionally, 0.2% GPB was established as the optimum inclusion level. Taken together, these results suggest the potential of utilizing GPB as feed additives to improve growth performance in ruminants by reducing biogenic amines and increasing anti-oxidation.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2016

Angelman syndrome is characterized by a partial deficit of paired autosomal chromosome 15, which contains a subunit of the GABA (Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid) receptor. The main clinical characteristics of this syndrome are delayed neuropsychological development, intellectual disability, and speech impairment. The syndrome has oral manifestations such as diastemas, tongue thrusting, sucking swallowing disorder, and excessive chewing behavior. A 3-year-6-month old girl with Angelman syndrome was scheduled for dental treatment. She had multiple caries, but she was poorly cooperative for treatment due to developmental delay and movement disorder, so general anesthesia was considered. The patient with Angelman syndrome was successfully treated under general anesthesia. There were no postoperative complications related to anesthesia and dental treatment. When treating children with this syndrome, the dentist needs to manage their uncooperative behavior and medical problem.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제45권9호
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• pp.1310-1315
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• 2016

Germinated brown rice (GBR) has received great attention due to its enhanced nutritional value. Brown waxy rice was germinated at $30^{\circ}C$ for 10 h, 20 h, or 30 h with 95% humidity. The color, texture, digestibility, and sensory characteristics of waxy rice cake made by GBR were evaluated. Pasting viscosity of rice flour was substantially reduced, whereas ${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid content increased with an increase in germination time. Lightness of rice cake with GBR was lower than that with brown rice, whereas the redness and yellowness of rice cake were higher after germination. For textural properties, the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of rice cake with GBR were lower than those with brown rice, and decreased hardness was more prominent with an increase in germination time. The in vitro starch digestibility of rice cake was elevated by germination, showing an increase in rapidly digestible starch content and decrease in resistant starch content. In the sensory evaluation, the overall acceptability of rice cake with brown rice and GBR was greater than that with white rice, whereas it was reduced with an increase in germination time.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate quality properties including amylose, alkali digestion value (ADV), texture and GABA (Gamma Amino-Butyric Acid) of brown rice and 1~5 mm germinated brown rice of Keunnun and Samkwang culitvars. The protein content of germinated brown rice showed increasing tendency according to shoot length, however, the difference was not statistically significant. The amylose content of all samples ranged from 15.0% to 16.0% in Keunnun and 17.0% to 18.0% in Samkwang, without significant differences. Compared to regular brown rice, germinated brown rice from both cultivars demonstrated reduced gel consistency, which contributed to the improved cooked rice texture. Especially, germinated brown rice had significantly lower setback values, which is correlated with high palatability of cooked rice. However, there was no significant difference in gel consistency between 1 mm and 2~5 mm germinated brown rice. GABA content in Keunnun increased by 3~5 times after germination process. In Samkwang, GABA content increased by 50 times (from $0.005{\mu}g/g$ to $0.243{\sim}0.247{\mu}g/g$) after germination. The hardness of germinated brown rice was significantly lower than that of brown rice. However, there was no significant difference in hardness according to shoot length. Consequently, when processing germinate brown rice, it is recommended to maximize functional ingredients by germination while maintaining shoot length less than 2 mm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 한국식품저장유통학회 2003년도 제23차 추계총회 및 국제학술심포지움
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• pp.172.2-173
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• 2003

단백질, 탄수화물, 유지 등과 같은 생고분자를 소재로하여 제조하는 가식성 또는 생분해성 필름은 식품표면을 코팅하거나, 식품의 내부에 사용하여 식품을 외부의 충격으로부터 보호하고 식품의 저장수명을 증가시키는 동시에 수분, 기체 및 용질의 이동을 방지하는 기능을 한다. 이러한 가식성 필름의 소재 중 하나인 전분은 비교적 저가의 재료이고 기체투과를 방지하는 성질은 우수하지만, 탄력성이 적은 단점을 가지고 있다. 생고분자필름의 물리적 강도를 증진시키고 수증기의 투과성을 낮추는 방법으로 단백질과 탄수화물을 복합적으로 사용한다 본 실험에서는 분리 대두 단백질(SPI)과 옥수수 전분을 혼합하여 가식성의 생분해성 필름을 제조하고 이들의 이화학적 특성에 대해 연구하였다. SPI 필름은 SPI 5g에 증류수 100$m\ell$을 가해 glycerol 2g을 첨가해 제조하였으며, 옥수수 전분필름은 옥수수 전분 6g에 증류수 100$m\ell$을 가해 glycerol 1.2g을 첨가해 제조하였다. SPI와 옥수수 전분의 혼합필름은 SPI와 옥수수 전분의 양을 1：1 비율로 혼합하여 제조하였다. SPI 필름, 옥수수 전분 및 SPI와 옥수수 전분 용액의 혼합필름의 각각의 수증기 투과도는 7.49$\times$$10^{-11}$, 2.69$\times$$10^{-11}$, 4.24$\times$$10^{-11}$ g.m/m$^2$.s.Pa이었다. 본 실험으로 SPI의 단일재료로만 필름을 제조하였을 때보다 SPI 용액에 옥수수 전분용액을 혼합해 필름을 제조하면 탄력성을 유지하면서 수증기 투과도를 낮출 수 있다는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.현미밥의 유리아미노산 분석 결과 필수아미노산을 포함한 다량의 아미노산이 존재하였으며 혈압강하 기능성 성분인 GABA(${\gamma}$ -amino butyric acid) 함량은 현미가 4.7 mg/100 g, 발아현미 20.8 mg/100 g이었으며, 동결건조 후 분석한 발아현미밥의 GABA 함량은 5.7 mg/100 g이었다. 발아현미밥의 관능검사 결과는 색, 윤기, 맛, 부착성, 응집성, 탄력성이 A가 유의적으로 높았으며, 외관의 경우도 A가 더 높은 평가를 받았다. 또한 전반적으로 A가 B에 비해 유의적인 차이를 나타내진 않았지만 더 나은 선호도를 나타내었다.좋게 평가되었다.＊값은 63-68사이로, a＊값은 0.13에서 -0.89사이를 b＊값은 2-5값 사이에서 변화하여 제조한 죽의 색이 옅은 황색임을 알 수 있었다. 고형분 함량, 퍼짐성과 pH에 대한 $R^2$은 각각 0.4280, 0.5433과 0.2406임을 볼 때 버섯, 당근, 대파의 비율에 따라 제조한 쇠고기 야채 쌀죽의 고형분 함량, 퍼짐성과 pH는 설정된 범위내에서 그 유의성이 인정되지 않아 큰 영향을 미치지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 관능검사 결과, 색과 향에 대한 반응표면 회귀식의 $R^2$은 각각0.6000과 0.7825이고 P-value는 각각 0.4290과 0.0942로서 5% 수준에서 유의한 상관성이 없음을 확인할 수 있었다. 맛과 점성에 대한 $R^2$은 0.8717과 0.8068이고 P-value는 각각 0.0195 (p ＜0.05)와 0.0612로서 야채의 배합비에 따라 맛에 있어서 유의확률 5%수준에서 그 유의성이 인정되었으며, 전체적인 기호도에 대한 유의성은 $R^2$이 0.8463이고 P-value는 0.034

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.359-381
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• 1992

This study was designed to investigate the effect of diazepam on the spontaneous contraction and oxytocin induced contraction of the isolated rat uterus. Female rat(Sprague-Dawley) pretreated with oophorectomy and 4 days administration of estrogen, weighing about 200 g, was sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and the uteruses were isolated. A longitudinal muscle strip was placed in temperature controlled($37^{\circ}C$) muscle chamber containing Locke's solution and myographied isometrically. Diazepam inhibited the spontaneous contraction and oxytocin induced contraction of the isolated rat uterus in a concentration-dependent manner. GABA, muscimol, a GABA A receptor agonist, bicuculline, a competitive GAGA A receptor antagonist, picrotoxin, a non competitive GABA A receptor antagonist, baclofen, a GABA B receptor agonist, and delta-aminovaleric acid, a GABA B receptor antagonist, did not affect on the spontaneous and oxytocin induced contraction of the isolated rat uterus. The inhibitory actions of diazepam on the spontaneous and oxytocin induced contraction were not affected by all the GABA receptor agonists and antagonists, but exceptionally potentiated by bicuculline. This potentiation-effect by bicuculline was not antagonized by muscimol. In normal calcium PSS, addition of calcium restored the spontaneous contraction preinhibited by diazepam and recovered the contractile of oxytocin preinhibited by diazepam. A23187, a calcium inophore, enhanced the restoration of both the spontaneous and oxytocin induced contraction by addition of calcium. In calcium-free PSS, diazepam suppressed the restoration of spontaneous motility by addition of calcium but allowed the recovery of spontaneous motility to a considerable extent. Diazepam could not inhibit some development of contractility by oxytocin in calcium-free PSS, but inhibited the increase in contractility by subsequent addition of calcium. These results suggest that the inhibitory action of diazepam on the rat uterine motility does not depend on or related to GABA receptors and that diazepam inhibits the extracellular calcium influx to suppress the spontaneous and oxytocin induced contractilities.