DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Changes of Physicochemical Properties According to the Shoot Length in Germinated Brown Rice

발아현미의 싹 길이에 따른 품질변화

  • Received : 2014.06.14
  • Accepted : 2014.08.19
  • Published : 2014.09.30

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate quality properties including amylose, alkali digestion value (ADV), texture and GABA (Gamma Amino-Butyric Acid) of brown rice and 1~5 mm germinated brown rice of Keunnun and Samkwang culitvars. The protein content of germinated brown rice showed increasing tendency according to shoot length, however, the difference was not statistically significant. The amylose content of all samples ranged from 15.0% to 16.0% in Keunnun and 17.0% to 18.0% in Samkwang, without significant differences. Compared to regular brown rice, germinated brown rice from both cultivars demonstrated reduced gel consistency, which contributed to the improved cooked rice texture. Especially, germinated brown rice had significantly lower setback values, which is correlated with high palatability of cooked rice. However, there was no significant difference in gel consistency between 1 mm and 2~5 mm germinated brown rice. GABA content in Keunnun increased by 3~5 times after germination process. In Samkwang, GABA content increased by 50 times (from $0.005{\mu}g/g$ to $0.243{\sim}0.247{\mu}g/g$) after germination. The hardness of germinated brown rice was significantly lower than that of brown rice. However, there was no significant difference in hardness according to shoot length. Consequently, when processing germinate brown rice, it is recommended to maximize functional ingredients by germination while maintaining shoot length less than 2 mm.

본 연구는 국내에서 육성되어 발아현미용으로 농가에 보급되고 있는 큰눈벼와 삼광벼의 발아현미 제품에 대하여 1~5 mm로 구분하여 발아싹을 틔운 다음 발아전의 일반현미와 싹길이에 따른 품질변화 양상을 구명할 목적으로 수행하였다. 일반성분인 단백질함량의 경우는 발아전 현미에 비하여 발아후의 싹길이에 따라서 약간 증가추세를 보였으나, 통계적 유의성은 인정되지 않았으며, 아밀로스의 경우 큰눈벼는 15~16%, 삼광벼는 17~18% 범위에서 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 아울러 큰눈벼와 삼광벼 모두 발아과정에서 물리화학적 반응이 나타나 조직이 물러지고 호화가 진전되어 RVA로 측정한 결과, 호화점도 급격하게 낮아져 발아현미의 물성이 개선되어 밥맛을 향상되는 결과를 확인 할 수 있었다. 특히 밥맛과 관련이 깊은 치반점도(Setback)가 더욱 낮아지는 현상이 나타나 발아현미를 가공하게 되면 안정적으로 식감(밥맛)이 좋아지고 밥의 노화가 지연되어 밥맛이 오래 유지되는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 그러나 싹길이가 1 mm정도 신장된 발아현미의 호화점도 변화양상과 싹이 2~5 mm 이상 신장된 발아현미와의 호화점도 변화양상 차이가 없었다. GABA함량도 큰눈벼는 발아과정에서 3배 이상 증가되는 결과를 얻었으며, 삼광벼의 경우는 발아전 일반현미에서는 GABA함량의 활성이 나타나지 않아 $0.005{\mu}g/g$ 이었는데 발아현미에서는 $0.2428~0.2475{\mu}g/g$로 약 50배정도 명료하게 증가되었다. 발아현미의 경도는 발아전의 일반현미에 비하여 발아현미는 유의적으로 낮아졌으나, 싹길이가 2 mm 이상에서는 낮아지는 경향이 두드러지지 않았다. 결론적으로 발아현미를 가공할 때 싹길이는 2 mm 이하로 최대한 억제하면서 내부성분을 최대한 증가시키는 가공방법을 채택하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 사료되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Choi, H. D., Y. K. Park, Y. S. Kim, C. H. Chung, and Y. D. Park. 2004. Effect of pretreatment conditions on r-amino butyric acid content of brown rice and germinated brown rice. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 36 : 761-764.
  2. Juliano, B. O. 1985. Physicochemical properties of rice. A.A.C.C. St. Paul MN.
  3. Jung, H. Y., D. H. Lee, H. Y. Baek, and Y. S. Lee. 2008. Pre- and post germination changes in pharmaceutical compounds of germinated brown rice. Korean J. Crop Sci. 53 : 37-43.
  4. Kang, M. Y., Y. R. Lee, and S. H. Nam. 2003. Characterization of the germinated rices to examine an application potentials as functional rice processed foods. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 35 : 696-701.
  5. Kim, S. S., Y. K. Kim, and W. J. Lee. 1998. Microwave vacuum drying of germinated brown rice as a potential raw material for enzyme food. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 30 : 1107-1113.
  6. Kim, S. L., Y. K. Son, J. R. Son, and H. S. Hur. 2001. Effect of germination condition and drying methods on physicochemical properties of sprouted brown rice. Korean J. Crop Sci. 46 : 221-228.
  7. Kim, S. R., J. Y. Ahn, and T. Y. Ha. 2004. Various properties and phenolic acid contents of rice and rice brans with different milling fractions. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 36 : 930-936.
  8. Kim, W. S. 2005. Effect of aging on physicochemical and pasting properties of Nonwaxy rice flour and its starch. Korean Associ. Human Ecol. 14 : 1037-1046.
  9. Kim, H. R., Y. H. Kwon, J. H. Kim, and B. H. Ahn. 2011. Quality analysis of diverse rice species for rice products. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 43 : 142-148. https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2011.43.2.142
  10. Ko, J. Y., S. B. Song, J. S. Lee, J. R. Kang, M. C. Seo, B. G. Oh, D. Y. Kwak, M. H. Nam, H. S. Jeong, and K. S. Woo. 2011. Changes in chemical components of Foxtail millet, Proso Millet, and Sorghum with germination. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 40(8) : 1128-1135. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.8.1128
  11. Kum, J. S., B. K. Choi, H. Y. Lee, J. D. Park, and H. J. Park. 2004. Physicochemical properties of germinated brown rice. Korean J. Food Preserv. 11 : 182-188.
  12. Kwon, Y. W., E. W. Lee, and B. W. Lee. 1990. Climate, soil and cultural technology of the areas producing high quality rice in Korea with emphasis on the difference between Ichon and other regions. RDA. Korean J. Crop Sci. 33 : 291-303.
  13. Lee, J. H., S. K. Oh, K. M. Cho, W. D. Seo, and M. G. Choung. 2009. Variations in physicochemical properties of brown rice (Oryza sativa L.) during storage. Food Sci. and Biotechnology. 18 : 1398-1403.
  14. Lim, S. D. and K. S. Kim. 2009. Effects and utilization of GABA. Korean J. Dairy Sci. Technol. 27(1) : 45-51.
  15. Mo, K. H., Y. M. Choi, S. G. Choi, and J. S. Lee. 2006. The change of some compounds in brown rice germinated by filtrate of loess suspension. J. Agri. Life Sci. 40 : 41-48.
  16. Nicolas, B. and H. Fromm. 2004. GABA in plants : just a metabolite?. TRENDS in Piant Sci. 9(3) : 110-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2004.01.006
  17. Oh, Y. S. 2002. Study on nutritional properties of sprouting brown rice. Kongju Nation Univ. MS dissertation, Kongju, Korea.
  18. Oh, S. H. 2007. Effects and application of germinated brwon rice with enhanced levels of GABA. Food Science and Industry 40(3) : 41-46.
  19. Oh, S. K., D. J. Kim, A. R. Cheun, M. R. Yoon, H. C. Hong, I. S. Choi, Y. J. Oh, K. B. Oh, and Y. K. Kim. 2010. Quality evaluation of Juanbyeo as aseptic-packaged cooked rice. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 42 : 721-726.
  20. Oh, S. K., J. H Lee, M. R. Yoon, D. J. Kim, D. H. Lee, I. S. Choi, J. S. Lee, I. W. Kim, and J. S. Lee. 2012. Physicochemical properties of germinated grown rice. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 41(7) : 963-969. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.7.963
  21. Park, J. D., B. K. Choi, J. S. Kum, and H. Y. Lee. 2006. Physicochemical properties of brown rice flours produced under different drying and milling conditions. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 38 : 495-500.
  22. Park, C. E., Y. S. Kim, D. J. Park, and K. J. Park, B. K. Kim. 2011. Pasting and sensory properties of commercial rice products. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 43 : 401-406. https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2011.43.4.401
  23. Seo, S. J., Y. M. Choi, S. M. Lee, S. H. Kong, and J. S. Lee. 2008. Antioxidant activities and antioxidant compounds of some specialty rices. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 37 : 129-135. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.2.129
  24. Woo, K. S., E. G. Jeong, S. J. Suh, C. I. Yang, H. S. Jeong, and K. J. Kim. 2008. Antioxidant components and anti-oxidant activities of 70% ethanol extracts on Suweon-511 and Ilpum rice. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci Nutr. 37 : 1223-1230. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.10.1223

Cited by

  1. 발아현미 첨가 밥의 취반 및 산화방지 특성에 미치는 취반방법의 영향 vol.49, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.9721/kjfst.2017.49.3.311
  2. 발아현미의 이화학적 특성 및 취반 특성 vol.62, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.7740/kjcs.2017.62.3.172
  3. 기능성 쌀 품종 발아현미의 취반 및 식감특성 vol.49, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.9721/kjfst.2017.49.6.575