• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.554-561
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• 2014

The rock materials from the two stone heritages in the Seonbonsa temple, Gwanbong Seokjoyeoraejwasang (stone Buddha) and three-storied Stone Pagoda, show almost identical petrographic characteristics. They are greyish white porphyritic granites which mainly consist of plagioclase, alkali feldspar, quartz, biotite, hornblende, and chlorite. The rocks from the both heritages are petrographically similar to those from the outcrops of the Palgongsan granite near the temple. Modal compositions exhibit that the rocks from the stone Buddha belong to monzogranite, whereas those from the pagoda and the outcrop near the temple correspond to syeno- to monzo granite. Whole rock magnetic susceptibility data indicate that the rocks from the stone Buddha, the pagoda, and the outcrop have nearly the same susceptibility values ranging 9-16(${\times}10^{-3}\;SI$). Gamma spectrometer data obtained from these rocks also demonstrate the same value range. In conclusion the two stone heritages in the Seonbonsa temple were made of the Palgongsan granite surrounding the temple.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.1813-1820
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• 2013

This study is conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of cookies containing different levels (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%) of brown rice powder with enhanced levels of GABA (${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid). The pH of cookie dough was higher in cookies containing brown rice powder. A proximate composition analysis showed that the moisture content was increased with the addition of the brown rice powder, yet there was no significant difference in the crude protein and crude fat contents among the added groups. The ash content was the highest in the 60% added group. The spread factor of the control cookie was higher than that of cookies containing 40% and 60% brown rice powder. The incorporation of brown rice powder in cookies lowered the lightness and yellowness values, but increased the redness value. The hardness of the cookies was lower in 40% and 60% added groups than that of the controls. The GABA content in the brown rice added groups was higher than that of the control cookie, and increased as brown rice powder increased. A consumer acceptance test revealed that there was no significant difference in the overall preference scores among the cookies. From these findings, it is suggested that the cookies with brown rice powder up to 60% added can be developed as goods.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.182-187
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• 2000

For centuries, dandelion(Taraxacum officinale) is widely used as a food and a medicinal herb. However, there is inadequate documented information on the chemical composition of T. officinale consumed in korea. This study was attempted to analyze proximate component, amino acid, free sugar, mineral and fatty acid composition in T. officinale to establish the value as an useful food material. Moisture, ash, crude protein and fat contents in leaf are 7.85, 11.35 21.6 and 5.12%, respectively. Moisture and ash contents of root were 7.73 and 4.82%. Crude protein and fat contents of root were 11.8 and 1.73%, respectively. The major free amino acid was asparagine, arginine, serine and proline etc. The total contents of free amino acid in leaf and root were 1476.98 and 2710.06 mg%, respectively. The major free sugar in T. officinale was glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose. Sucrose was also detected in a large amount. The major fatty acid of T. officinale are palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoeic acid and linolenic acid. The fatty acid compositions of leaf and root were different each other. Linolenic acid(63.6%) was the major fatty acid of the leaf and linoleic acid(56.4%) was the major fatty acid of the root. Most of mineral contents were high in leaf and root. Especially K content was higher in leaf than root.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1996

PURPOSE : The purpose of this study is to know the ability of detecting malignant tumor tissue by Tl-201 scan, and to compare with that of Tc-99m-MIBI and Tc-99m-MDP scan. MATERIAL AND METHODS : Between February 1994 and December 1995,38 unselected patients with various bone pathologies were studied prospectively. Eighteen had malignant bone and soft tissue pathologies, while twenty had benign. All patients were studied with Tl-201, Tc-99mMIBI and Tc-99m-MDP scan prior to surgical biopsy. PICKER Prism 2000 gamma camera with high resolution parallel hole collimator was used for scanning. To avoid the interaction of isotope, the early(30min.) and delayed phase(3hrs.) of Tl-20l scan was performed first and Tc-99m-MIBI scan was performed after 30 minutes, and then Tc-99m-MDP scan 48 hours later. The scan images were visually evaluated by a blinded nuclear medicine physician. We could find true positive, true negative, false positive and false negative by the comparison of results with those of biopsy. We calculated positive and negative predictive value(%), sensitivity(%), specificity(%) and diagnostic accuracy(%) of each scan. RESULT : The results of each scan were 85.7, 100, 100, 85, 92.1% in Tl-201, 81, 94.1, 94.4, 80, 86.8% in Tc-99m-MIBI and 50, 66.7, 88.9, 20, 52.6% in Tc-99m-MDP scan. As a conclusion, Tl-201 scan was the most specific and accurate method for detecting malignant tumor tissue. Tc-99m-MIBI scan was also good for malignant tumor searching. CONCLUSION : With our results, we can use Tl-201 scan to differentiate benign from malignant tumor, and to evaluate the response of preoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and to determine the residual tumor or local recurrence. For the better result, we need to have a more detail information about false positive cases and a more objective and quantitative reading technique.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.543-552
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• 1994

A series of drained plane strain compression tests was performed on dried samples of dense Toyoura sand and Silver Leighton Buzzard sand prepared by air-pluviation method to find out the deformation and strength characteristics on the value of confining pressure ${\sigma}{_3}^{\prime}({\sigma}{_3}^{\prime}=0.05{\sim}4.0kgf/cm^2)$. The axial and lateral strains measured in this apparatus ranged from $10^{-6}$ up to the failure of the specimen. So the stress-strain characteristics would be investigated from very small to very large strain levels. It was found that the change of the angle of internal friction ${\phi}^{\prime}{_{max}}=arcsin\{({\sigma}{_1}^{\prime}-{\sigma}{_3}^{\prime})/({\sigma}{_1}^{\prime}+{\sigma}{_3}^{\prime})\}_{max}$ with the change of ${\sigma}{_3}^{\prime}$ is very small when ${\sigma}{_3}^{\prime}$ is lower than higher. Furthermore, the effect of confining pressure on stiffness of sands was evaluated. It was also found that for the range of shear strain ${\gamma}$ from $10^{-6}$ to those at peak, the Rowe's stress-dilatancy relation seems to be a good approximation for air-dried Toyoura sand and Silver Leighton Buzzard sand, irrespective of the change of ${\sigma}{_3}^{\prime}$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1075-1083
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• 2015

Adipose tissue deposited within muscle fibers, known as intramuscular fat (IMF or marbling), is a major determinant of meat quality and thereby affects its economic value. The biological mechanisms that determine IMF content are therefore of interest. In this study, 48 genes involved in the bovine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway, which is involved in lipid metabolism, were investigated to identify candidate genes associated with IMF in the longissimus dorsi of Hanwoo (Korean cattle). Ten genes, retinoid X receptor alpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), phospholipid transfer protein, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3, fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3), carnitine palmitoyltransferase II, acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase long chain (ACADL), acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 2 branched chain, and fatty acid binding protein 4, showed significant effects with regard to IMF and were differentially expressed between the low- and high-marbled groups (p<0.05). Analysis of the gene co-expression network based on Pearson's correlation coefficients identified 10 up-regulated genes in the high-marbled group that formed a major cluster. Among these genes, the PPARG-FABP4 gene pair exhibited the strongest correlation in the network. Glycerol kinase was found to play a role in mediating activation of the differentially expressed genes. We categorized the 10 significantly differentially expressed genes into the corresponding downstream pathways and investigated the direct interactive relationships among these genes. We suggest that fatty acid oxidation is the major downstream pathway affecting IMF content. The PPARG/RXRA complex triggers activation of target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation resulting in increased triglyceride formation by ATP production. Our findings highlight candidate genes associated with the IMF content of the loin muscle of Korean cattle and provide insight into the biological mechanisms that determine adipose deposition within muscle.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.535-541
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• 2017

Two Gram-staining-negative, red-pinkish, coccus-shaped, non-motile, and aerobic bacterial strains, designated $Ant21^T$ and Ant22, were isolated from the Antarctic coastal sea water. Strains $Ant21^T$ and Ant22 showed UVC and gamma radiation resistance. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences determined that these strains belong to the genus Deinococcus. Through the analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequences, strains $Ant21^T$ and Ant22 were found to have 97.7% and 97.8% similarity to Deinococcus marmoris DSM $12784^T$ and 97.0% and 97.2% similarity to Deinococcus saxicola AA-$1444^T$, respectively. The sequence similarity with the type strains of other Deinococcus species was less than 96.9% for both strains. Strains $Ant21^T$ and Ant22 shared relatively high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.3%) and had a closely related DNA reassociation value of $84{\pm}0.5%$. Meanwhile, they showed a low level of DNA-DNA hybridization (<30%) with other closely related species of the genus Deinococcus. The two strains also showed typical chemotaxonomic features for the genus Deinococcus, in terms of the major polar lipid (phosphoglycolipid) and the major fatty acids ($C_{16:0}$, $C_{16:1}$ ${\omega}6c/{\omega}7c$, $iso-C_{17:0}$, and $iso-C_{15:0}$). They grew at temperatures between $4^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ and at pH values of 6.0-8.0. Based on the physiological characteristics, the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis results, and the low DNA-DNA reassociation level with Deionococcus marmoris, strains $Ant21^T$ ($=KEMB\;9004-167^T$ $=JCM\;31436^T$) and Ant22 (KEMB 9004-168 =JCM 31437) represent novel species belonging to the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus rubrus is proposed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.729-738
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• 1998

Antioxidants such as vitamin C and E may play a preventive role in the development of cancer and coronary heart disease. The status of vitamins C and E may be affected by lifestyle habits such as smoking , drinking, and exercise. These habits can modify the dietary requirements of vitamin C and vitamin E. the purpose of this study was to determine whether Korean young healthy men and women consume vitamins C and E in sufficient quantities relative to their lifestyle habits. Among the participants in this study, 52% of the men and none of the women were smokers. ; 84% of all subjects drank alcohol more than once a week ; and the men exercised more often than the women. The concentrations of serum total , HDL-, and LDL- cholesterol were higher in the women than in the men, but the serum triglyceride concentrations were higher in the men than in the women. The men consumed less satuated fat than the women (p<0.05) . The daily intakes of vitamin C for the men and the women were 47.1mg and 65.6mg, respectively. On the other hand , the daily vitamin E intake was higher in the men (11.8mg) than women(6.9mg). The serum $\alpha$-tocopherol concentrations of all subjects were in a normal range, and in no subjects were they below the minimum value of ranges. However, about 19% of male subjects and 10% of female subjects showed deficient status, although the mean serum vitamin C levels were normal . Lifestyle habits fo the sort mentioned above have little influence on the serum vitamin C and $\alpha$-tocopherol concentrations. The serum $\alpha$-tocopherol concentration had a positive correlation with total fat and alcohol consumption. The serum vitamin C concentration was positively associated with regular exercise, but it was negatively correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked. Meanwhile, the serum lipid persoxide concentration , the indirect index of oxidative stress, was influenced by certain variable such as body mass index , the number of cigarettes smoked , alcohol consumption, energy expenditure, vitamin C intake, and serum ${\gamma}$-tocopherol concentration. Serum lipid peroxide concentration was positively associated with body mass index, the number of cigarette smoked , serum triglyceride , and HDL-cholesterol concentration. In conclusion , the vitamin E requirements of the subjects were met by the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) regardless of lifestyle habits. However, serum vitamin C concentrations showed individual variation and was below the normal ranges. Smoking and exercise influenced serum vitamin C concentration. Therefore, a reevaluation of the requirements of vitamin C relative to lifestyle habits is necessary.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 2002

Purpose of this study was to compare serum phospholipid fatty acid composition of obese children with that of normal weight children reside in Kangnung area. Subjects were consisted of 56(41 boys and 15 girls) moderately or severely obese elementary school children, and age and sex-matched normal weight children as a control group. Level of serum phospholipid fatty acids was measured by thin layer chromatography(TLC) followed by gas chromatography(GLC). for male subjects, serum triglyceride(121 $\pm$ 4.7mg/dl) and total cholesterol(180 $\pm$ 37.1mg/dl) concentrations were significantly(p < 0.05) higher in obese group than those for control group(81.5 $\pm$ 2.5mg/dl and 161 $\pm$ 32.0mg/dl, respectively). Obese group showed significantly higher percentage of serum phospholipid myristic acid(C14:0) than the value for control group in both male and female subjects. Obese male subjects had significantly higher percentages of palmitoleic acid(16 : 1), oleic acid(18 : 1), dihomo-${\gamma}$-linoleic acid(20 : 3, $\omega$6) and docosatetraenoic acid(22 : 4, $\omega$6), and lower percentages of eicosenoic acid(20 : 1, $\omega$6), docosapentaenoic acid(22 : 5, $\omega$6), EPA(22 : 5, $\omega$3) and DHA (22 : 6, $\omega$3) compared to values for control male subjects. For male subjects, obese group showed significantly higher ratios of 16 : 1($\omega$9)/16 : 0 and 18 : 1($\omega$9)/18 : 0, and significantly lower ratios of 22 : 5($\omega$6)/22 4($\omega$6), and 22 : 6($\omega$3)/22 : 5($\omega$3) compacted to values for the control group. But there was not significant differences in elongation and desaturation indices of serum phospholipids fatty acid metabolism between obese and control group in female subjects. Most of anthropometric measurements related to obesity were negatively correlated with the percentages of PUFA, $\omega$3 fatty acids or DHA(22 : 6, $\omega$3), and positively correlated with the percentage of myristic acid(14 : 0) or $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratio in serum phospholipids. Serum triglyceride concentration was negatively correlated with the percentage of PUFA or $\omega$3 fatty acids, and positively correlated with $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratio in serum phospholipids. These results indicate that obesity related changes in blood lipid levels and metabolism are more significant in male subjects than in female subjects. Also changes in serum phospholipid fatty acid composition observed in obese children appear to demonstrate the increased susceptibility of these children to cardiovascular disease and other related chronic diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.252-261
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• 1994

The $(Ba_{1-X}Sr_X)ZrO_3$ powder showing chemically pure and fine particle size was attempted to be synthesized by the oxalate method. The objective of this study is to determine the optimum synthesis condition of stable $(Ba_{1-X}Sr_X)ZrO_3$ powder in terms of the temperatures coefficient of resonant frequency ${\tau}_f$ by examining the microstructure and dielectric properties of the synthesized powder. The six compounds (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) of $(Ba_{1-X}Sr_X)ZrO_3$ were prepared by the oxalate method, and then calcined at $1000^{\circ}C$ to obtain the crystalline $(Ba_{1-X}Sr_X)ZrO_3$ powder. The synthesized powder showed the globular-shape and average particle size of less than $0.2 \mu\textrm{m}$. The composition of x=0.5, i.e., half of Ba was replaced by Sr, is experted to show the zero value of temperatures coefficient of capacitance ${\tau}_c$.