• 서비스연구
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.131-152
• /
• 2024

최근 게임시장에서는 애니메이션, 웹툰 등 IP를 기반으로 한 게임의 증가가 두드러지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 게임사의 주요 수익원 중 하나인 아이템 판매에 주목하여, IP 기반 게임 캐릭터 스킨의 지각된 가치가 스킨 구매의도에 미치는 영향과, 나아가 스킨 구매의도가 게임 충성도에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 IP 인지도 1위인 포켓몬과 캐릭터 아이템 시장이 활성화된 MOBA 게임이 결합된 '포켓몬 유나이트'를 사례로 하여 중국 내 이용자들을 대상으로 캐릭터 스킨의 지각된 가치와 구매의도, 충성도 간의 영향관계를 분석하였다. 본 연구는 IP 기반 게임 캐릭터 스킨의 지각된 가치를 심미적 가치, 쾌락적 가치, 사회적 가치, 개인적 가치, 경제적 가치, IP 가치로 도출하였다. 분석 결과, 6개의 지각된 가치 중 심미적 가치를 제외한 5개 지각된 가치(쾌락적 가치, 사회적 가치, 개인적 가치, 경제적 가치, IP 가치)가 구매의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 캐릭터 스킨 구매의도는 게임 충성도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 이 과정에서 캐릭터 충성도가 부분 매개효과를 보였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 IP 기반 게임 이용자들이 캐릭터 스킨 구매과정에서 다양하고 복합적인 가치를 고려한다는 점을 시사하며, 캐릭터 스킨은 단순히 아이템 판매를 넘어 게임에 대한 충성도 형성에도 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 보여준다.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
• /
• 제4권
• /
• pp.43-71
• /
• 1975

Operations research has developed rapidly since its origins in World War II. Practitioners of O. R. have contributed to almost every aspect of government and business. More recently, a number of operations researchers have turned their attention to library and information systems, and the author believes that significant research has resulted. It is the purpose of this essay to introduce the library audience to some of these accomplishments, to present some of the author's hypotheses on the subject of library management to which he belives O. R. has great potential, and to suggest some future research directions. Some problem areas in librianship where O. R. may play a part have been discussed and are summarized below. (1) Library location. It is usually necessary to make balance between accessibility and cost In location problems. Many mathematical methods are available for identifying the optimal locations once the balance between these two criteria has been decided. The major difficulties lie in relating cost to size and in taking future change into account when discriminating possible solutions. (2) Planning new facilities. Standard approaches to using mathematical models for simple investment decisions are well established. If the problem is one of choosing the most economical way of achieving a certain objective, one may compare th althenatives by using one of the discounted cash flow techniques. In other situations it may be necessary to use of cost-benefit approach. (3) Allocating library resources. In order to allocate the resources to best advantage the librarian needs to know how the effectiveness of the services he offers depends on the way he puts his resources. The O. R. approach to the problems is to construct a model representing effectiveness as a mathematical function of levels of different inputs(e.g., numbers of people in different jobs, acquisitions of different types, physical resources). (4) Long term planning. Resource allocation problems are generally concerned with up to one and a half years ahead. The longer term certainly offers both greater freedom of action and greater uncertainty. Thus it is difficult to generalize about long term planning problems. In other fields, however, O. R. has made a significant contribution to long range planning and it is likely to have one to make in librarianship as well. (5) Public relations. It is generally accepted that actual and potential users are too ignorant both of the range of library services provided and of how to make use of them. How should services be brought to the attention of potential users? The answer seems to lie in obtaining empirical evidence by controlled experiments in which a group of libraries participated. (6) Acquisition policy. In comparing alternative policies for acquisition of materials one needs to know the implications of each service which depends on the stock. Second is the relative importance to be ascribed to each service for each class of user. By reducing the level of the first, formal models will allow the librarian to concentrate his attention upon the value judgements which will be necessary for the second. (7) Loan policy. The approach to choosing between loan policies is much the same as the previous approach. (8) Manpower planning. For large library systems one should consider constructing models which will permit the skills necessary in the future with predictions of the skills that will be available, so as to allow informed decisions. (9) Management information system for libraries. A great deal of data can be available in libraries as a by-product of all recording activities. It is particularly tempting when procedures are computerized to make summary statistics available as a management information system. The values of information to particular decisions that may have to be taken future is best assessed in terms of a model of the relevant problem. (10) Management gaming. One of the most common uses of a management game is as a means of developing staff's to take decisions. The value of such exercises depends upon the validity of the computerized model. If the model were sufficiently simple to take the form of a mathematical equation, decision-makers would probably able to learn adequately from a graph. More complex situations require simulation models. (11) Diagnostics tools. Libraries are sufficiently complex systems that it would be useful to have available simple means of telling whether performance could be regarded as satisfactory which, if it could not, would also provide pointers to what was wrong. (12) Data banks. It would appear to be worth considering establishing a bank for certain types of data. It certain items on questionnaires were to take a standard form, a greater pool of data would de available for various analysis. (13) Effectiveness measures. The meaning of a library performance measure is not readily interpreted. Each measure must itself be assessed in relation to the corresponding measures for earlier periods of time and a standard measure that may be a corresponding measure in another library, the 'norm', the 'best practice', or user expectations.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
• /
• 통권42호
• /
• pp.151-175
• /
• 2016

스마트폰의 등장이후 게임 산업은 콘솔과 PC Online 게임에서 모바일 게임 중심으로 변화되었다. 이러한 환경에서 게임 산업은 게임의 본질적 재미를 사용자에게 제공하기보다 상업적 수익을 위한 수단으로 발전하며 부정적으로 변질되었다. 특히, 비슷한 플레이 방식에 그래픽만 달라진 게임들이 지속적으로 출시되며 산업을 발전시키기 위한 도전은 하지 않고 현상만 바라보는 실태이다. 또한, 사용자들의 인식 수준도 발전하였다. 온라인 환경의 발전으로 사용자들은 자신의 경험을 쉽게 공유한다. 자신들이 경험한 게임의 평가를 온라인 매체에 공유하며 게임의 질에 대한 냉철한 평가를 하고 있다. 지금 당장은 시장에서 발생하는 높은 수익으로 인하여 게임 산업 자체가 발전한 듯 보이지만, 향후 게임 산업에 콘텐츠의 부정적 발전방식을 지양하는 사용자들의 인식이 높아질수록 시장자체에 큰 악영향을 줄 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 현 상황을 바탕으로 모바일 이전 게임 산업에서 성공했던 게임콘텐츠를 사용자 측면에서 분석하고 재조명하여 사용자들이 원하는 게임콘텐츠의 질과 게임 산업의 방향성에 대해 돌이켜볼 수 있는 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 위와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위해 모바일 이전의 게임 중 가장 대중적으로 성공한 게임을 연구대상으로 지정하고, 사용자 측면에서 분석하였다. 온라인게임 <월드 오브 워크래프트(World of Warcraft)>는 약 1200만 여명의 사용자가 즐겼던 게임으로 현재까지 꾸준히 인기를 얻고 있는 가장 성공한 MMORPG이다. 본 연구를 위해 <월드 오브 워크래프트>를 초창기부터 즐겨온 5명의 일반사용자를 전문가집단을 구성하였으며, 사용자의 오랜 지지를 유지해온 저력을 분석하기 위해 비즈니스 모델과 설문조사, 인터뷰, Jobs-to-be-done, 피쉬바인 모델과 같은 사용자 경험을 도출 가능한 UX 방법론들을 복합적으로 적용하였다. 그럼으로, 사용자 측면에서의 <월드 오브 워크래프트> 성공요인은 (1)10년에 걸쳐 완성된 '세계관'을 통해 사용자가 파고들 여지를 제공한 것. (2)사용자들의 입장(문화, 언어 등)에 맞게 '국가별 정책'을 통해 게임을 제공한 것. (3)시간의 변화에 따라 '확장팩'을 제공하며 사용자들이 끊임없이 파고들 여지를 제공한 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구를 통해 얻은 결과는 모바일 게임 발전이후 게임콘텐츠의 질적 하락의 문제점에 도달한 현 게임 산업의 콘텐츠 지표로서 산업적으로나 학술적으로 그 가치가 높다고 판단된다.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
• /
• 통권20호
• /
• pp.75-86
• /
• 2010

최근 여성 게이머의 수가 급속히 증가하면서, 전자 게임 산업계에서는 아직 상당 부분 미 개척된 여성 시장을 공략할 방법을 모색하기 시작했다. 중국 인터넷 네트워크 정보 센터(CNNIC)에서 최근 발표한 게임시장 조사 보고서에 따르면, 중국 내 전체 게이머의 수는 2009년에 24.8%가 증가한 69,130,000명에 이르며, 이 중 거의 40%에 이르는 38.9%가 여성 게이머이다. 중국 상하이의 I리서치 회사에서 작성한 일련의 연구 보고서는 2003년에서 2009년 사이에 여성 게이머가 8%에서 49% 이상으로 급격히 증가하였다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 이는 과거에 게임 제작 회사들이 남성 게이머에게 얼마나 신경을 쏟았는지 그리고 여성 게이머를 얼마나 간과해왔는가와 상관없이, 게임회사들은 이제 이러한 현실에 직면해야하고, 이에 맞춰 마케팅 정책을 바꿔나가야 한다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구에서는 첫째 비디오 게임에서의 성별에 따른 선호 요소를 분석하여, 남성 게이머들은 전자 게임을 하면서 공격, 폭력, 경쟁, 빠른 동작의 요소에 더욱 끌리는 반면, 여성 게이머들은 인물의 관계를 이해하는 게임의 정서적, 사회적 측면에 관심을 가진다는 점을 보인다. 관련문헌에서도 여성 게이머들은 익숙한 환경을 지닌 게임, 게이머들이 함께 할 수 있는 게임, 한 가지 방식 이상으로 승리할 수 있는 게임 그리고 캐릭터가 죽지 않는 게임을 선호한다는 점을 지적하고 있다. 둘째, 정서적 측면에서 본 여성 친화적 게임의 특성을 논하면서, 펫 게임(육성 게임), 드레싱 게임(옷 입히기 게임), 사회적 시뮬레이션과 같은 시뮬레이션 범주가 여성 게이머가 가장 선호하는 타입이라는 것을 제시한다. 왜냐하면 이러한 게임들은 여성 게이머에게 절대적으로 매력적인 사랑, 공유, 질투, 우월, 신비와 같은 정서를 가득 채우기 가장 적합한 게임 타입이기 때문이다. 마지막으로, 앞서 논의한 내용과 연관해서, 여성 지향적인 게임 디자인과 관련한 몇 가지 원리를 제안한다. 이는 호감 가는 외모의 주 캐릭터의 소개, '생동감 있는' NPC와 함께할 재미있는 이야기 만들기 그리고 타인 돌보기와 분류, 선별하는 여성적 특성과 관심을 만족시킬 수 있는 방법들을 포함한다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.97-122
• /
• 2007

Conventional networking and telecommunications infrastructure characterized by wires, fixed location, and inflexibility is giving way to mobile technologies. Numerous research reports point to the ultimate domination of wireless communication. With the increasing prevalence of advanced cell-phones, various mobile data services (hereafter MDS) are gaining popularity. Although cellular networks were originally introduced for voice communications, statistics indicate that data services are replacing the matured voice service as the growth engine for telecom service providers. For example, SK Telecom, the Korea's largest mobile service provider, reported that 25.6% of revenue and 28.5% of profit came from MDS in 2006 and the share is growing. Statistics also indicate that, in 2006, the average revenue per user (ARPU) for voice didn't change but MDS grew seven percents from the previous year, further highlighting its growth potential. MDS is defined "as an assortment of digital data services that can be accessed using a mobile device over a wide geographic area." A variety of MDS have been deployed, with a few reaching the status of killer applications. Many of them need to access the Internet through the cellular-phone infrastructure. In the past, when the cellular network didn't have acceptable bandwidth for data services, SMS (short messaging service) dominated MDS. Now, Internet-ready, next-generation cell-phones are driving rich digital data services into the fabric of everyday life, These include news on various topics, Internet search, mapping and location-based information, mobile banking and gaming, downloading (i.e., screen savers), multimedia streaming, and various communication services (i.e., email, short messaging, messenger, and chaffing). The huge economic stake MDS has on its stakeholders warrants focused research to understand associated dynamics behind its adoption. Lyytinen and Yoo(2002) pointed out the limitation of traditional adoption models in explaining the rapid diffusion of innovations such as P2P or mobile services. Also, despite the increasing popularity of MDS, unexpected drop in its usage is observed among some people. Intrigued by these observations, an exploratory study was conducted to examine decision factors of MDS usage. Data analysis revealed that the increase and decrease of MDS use was influenced by different forces. The findings of the exploratory study triggered our confirmatory research effort to validate the uni-directionality of studied factors in affecting MDS usage. This differs from extant studies of IS/IT adoption that are largely grounded on the assumption of bi-directionality of explanatory variables in determining the level of dependent variables (i.e., user satisfaction, service usage). The research goal is, therefore, to examine if increase and decrease in the usage of MDS are explained by two separate groups of variables pertaining to information quality and system quality. For this, we investigate following research questions: (1) Does the information quality of MDS increase service usage?; (2) Does the system quality of MDS decrease service usage?; and (3) Does user motivation for subscribing MDS moderate the effect information and system quality have on service usage? The research questions and subsequent analysis are grounded on the two factor theory pioneered by Hertzberg et al(1959). To answer the research questions, in the first, an exploratory study based on 378 survey responses was conducted to learn about important decision factors of MDS usage. It revealed discrepancy between the influencing forces of usage increase and those of usage decrease. Based on the findings from the exploratory study and the two-factor theory, we postulated information quality as the motivator and system quality as the de-motivator (or hygiene) of MDS. Then, a confirmative study was undertaken on their respective role in encouraging and discouraging the usage of mobile data service.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 10th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• pp.1286-1288
• /
• 2024

The construction industry, known for its inherent risks and multiple hazards, necessitates effective solutions for hazard identification and mitigation [1]. To address this need, the implementation of machine learning models specializing in object detection has become increasingly important because this technological approach plays a crucial role in augmenting worker safety by proactively recognizing potential dangers on construction sites [2], [3]. However, the challenge in training these models lies in obtaining accurately labeled datasets, as conventional methods require labor-intensive labeling or costly measurements [4]. To circumvent these challenges, synthetic data generation (SDG) has emerged as a key method for creating realistic and diverse training scenarios [5], [6]. The paper reviews the evolution of synthetic data generation tools, highlighting the shift from earlier solutions like Synthpop and Data Synthesizer to advanced game engines[7]. Among the various gaming platforms, Unity 3D and Unreal Engine stand out due to their advanced capabilities in replicating realistic construction hazard environments [8], [9]. Comparing Unity 3D and Unreal Engine is crucial for evaluating their effectiveness in SDG, aiding developers in selecting the appropriate platform for their needs. For this purpose, this paper conducts a comparative analysis of both engines assessing their ability to create high-fidelity interactive environments. To thoroughly evaluate the suitability of these engines for generating synthetic data in construction site simulations, the focus relies on graphical realism, developer-friendliness, and user interaction capabilities. This evaluation considers these key aspects as they are essential for replicating realistic construction sites, ensuring both high visual fidelity and ease of use for developers. Firstly, graphical realism is crucial for training ML models to recognize the nuanced nature of construction environments. In this aspect, Unreal Engine stands out with its superior graphics quality compared to Unity 3D which typically considered to have less graphical prowess [10]. Secondly, developer-friendliness is vital for those generating synthetic data. Research indicates that Unity 3D is praised for its user-friendly interface and the use of C# scripting, which is widely used in educational settings, making it a popular choice for those new to game development or synthetic data generation. Whereas Unreal Engine, while offering powerful capabilities in terms of realistic graphics, is often viewed as more complex due to its use of C++ scripting and the blueprint system. While the blueprint system is a visual scripting tool that does not require traditional coding, it can be intricate and may present a steeper learning curve, especially for those without prior experience in game development [11]. Lastly, regarding user interaction capabilities, Unity 3D is known for its intuitive interface and versatility, particularly in VR/AR development for various skill levels. In contrast, Unreal Engine, with its advanced graphics and blueprint scripting, is better suited for creating high-end, immersive experiences [12]. Based on current insights, this comparative analysis underscores the user-friendly interface and adaptability of Unity 3D, featuring a built-in perception package that facilitates automatic labeling for SDG [13]. This functionality enhances accessibility and simplifies the SDG process for users. Conversely, Unreal Engine is distinguished by its advanced graphics and realistic rendering capabilities. It offers plugins like EasySynth (which does not provide automatic labeling) and NDDS for SDG [14], [15]. The development complexity associated with Unreal Engine presents challenges for novice users, whereas the more approachable platform of Unity 3D is advantageous for beginners. This research provides an in-depth review of the latest advancements in SDG, shedding light on potential future research and development directions. The study concludes that the integration of such game engines in ML model training markedly enhances hazard recognition and decision-making skills among construction professionals, thereby significantly advancing data acquisition for machine learning in construction safety monitoring.