• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.169-179
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• 2014

After occurrence of Cyanobacteria in 1997, Songsan-ri tombs located in Gonju have been investigated to monitor for biological damage. The room temperature of Tomb No.6 was $18.6{\sim}19.8^{\circ}C$ and the relative humidity was 94.3~99.9%. The temperature of Royal Tomb of King Muryeong was $17.3{\sim}18.53^{\circ}C$ and the relative humidity was 73.2~96.45%. The variation of relative humidity increased after setting up air vents. If the outside temperature increases, dew condensation occurs on the floor and the north side. When conditioning equipment operates, the maximum temperature differences between walls is $2.8^{\circ}C$. Bacteria from the air of the tomb and on the surface of the walls outnumbered fungi. 20 species of fungi including Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., and 19 species of bacteria including Pseudomonas sp., Arthrobacter sp., are identified. Microbes in the tombs may damage cultural heritage. The growth possibility of microbes should be estimated because the microbes in the tombs may damage mural painting. The interrelation between microenvironmental condition and biological damage of mural painting should be researched to come up with an long-term conservation method.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2005

In order to develop a multi-microbial biofungicide against several important plant pathogenic fungi, strains were isolated from the phtophthora blight suppressive red-pepper field soil of Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. Strains AY1, AY6, AB1, BB2 and F4, which had strong antagonistic ability against Phytophthota capsici and Fusarium oxysporum, were selected for their involvement with strains of biocontrol fungicide. There were no antagonism among the selected strains and were compatible for making the biofungicide. Their antagonistic mechanisms, except for strain BB2, were an antibiosis by the production of antibiotic, while BB2 produced not only an antibiotic but also cellulase as an antagonistic mechanism against blight causing P. capsici. They were identified as Halobacterium sp. AB1, Xenorhadus sp. AY1, Bacillus sp. AY6, Bacillus sp. BB2, Zymomonas sp. F4 by various cultural, biochemical test and $Biolog^{TM}$ System 4.0. The highest levels of antifungal antibiotic could be produced after 48 hrs of incubation under the optimal medium which were 0.1% galactose, 0.1% $NaNO_2$, 5 mM $Na_2{\cdot}HPO_4$ (pH 5.5). The cultured multi-microbial biofungicide showed strong biocontrol activity against bacterial wilt disease and fusarium wilt disease in cucumber and tomato fields.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 2004

The genus of Biscogniauxia, well known wood degrading fungi, is a member of the Xylariales, which has woody to carbonaceous, brown to dark brown stromata. Daldinia concentrica and Biscogniauxia sp. isolated from heavily decayed hardwood, are precisely described under light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic level. Daldinia concentrica will be the first ultrastructural description in Korea. The unidentified species collected, having small size of ascospores $11.4\;15.6{\times}9.6\;12.0{\mu}m$ with full germ slit, are taxono-mically compared with similar species found in Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.834-837
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• 2002

A fluorescent glucose analogue,2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-ox a-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino] -2- deoxy-D-glucose (2-NBDG), which had previously been developed for the analysis of glucose uptake in living cells, was investigated to determine its biological activity on microorganisms.2-NBDG did not show any inhibitory effect on growth of yeast cells and bacteria. In contrast, 2-NBDG exhibited strong inhibitory effects on filamentous fungal growth. The growth of filamentous fungi was completely inhibited, when 2-NBDG was supplemented as sole carbon source. The inhibitory effect was decreased by the addition of glucose in the test medium. Furthermore, 2-NBDC inhibited chitinase activity of Trichoderma sp. These results suggested that the inhibitory effects of 2-NBDG on filamentous fungi might be partially due to the inhibition of chitinase.

• Mycobiology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.180-184
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• 2006

The mycobiota of 160 hair and nail samples collected from 4 different governorates in upper Egypt were estimated using soil plate method for isolating keratinophilic and dermatophytic fungi. Twenty-three fungi were recorded on both hair and nail samples collected from the four governorates. Highest fungal diversity (20) was collected from Red Sea samples followed by Qena (18) and Aswan (17) while lowest fungal diversity was recorded from Sohage samples. The common genera were Aphanoascus, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Paecilomyces and Chrysosporium. The most prevalent species belonging to these genera were: A. fulvescens, Aphanoascus sp. A. flavus link, A. flavus var. columnaris, P. chrysogenium. P. lilacinus and C. sulfureum. True dermatophytes such as Nannizzia fulva appeared in $20{\sim}30%$ of the male samples.

• Mycobiology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.157-158
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• 2007

The alkaloid fuyuziphine was isolated from the whole plant of Fumaria indica. It had inhibitive effect against spore germination of some plant pathogenic fungi (Collectotrichum sp., C. gloeosporioides, C. falcatum, Curvularia maculans, C. lunata, Erysiphe cichoracearum, Helminthosporium pennisetti, Oidium erysiphoides, Ustilago cynodontis, Alternaria chieranthi, A. mel-ongenae, A. brassicicola and A. solam). Curvularia lunata, Oidium erysiphoides, Alternaria brassicicola and A. solani did not germinate at 750 and 1000 ppm and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. falcatum, Curvularia maculans were inhibited at 1000 ppm for 24 hr incubation. Germination of most fungi was significantly inhibited at $100{\sim}750ppm$.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1980

Five species of food decay fungl, Aspergillus flavus, Asp. uiger, Penicillum sp., Botrytis cinerea, and Rhizopus stolonifer, were examined for their radio sensitivity in several suspension media. Asp. flavus, Asp. niger and Penicillum sp. have almost the same sensitivity toward gamma rays. with D value in the range of 30 to 35 K rad, whereas Botrytis cinerea has a D value of approximately 55K rad and Rhizopus stolonifer, the most re4sistant fungus studied, has a crease in their radioresistnace when compared with spores irradiated in water. Asp. flavus and penicillium sp. spores irradiated in citrate buffer at pH3-7 showed almost no change in their radisensitiity with pH, but Botryis cinerea spores showed a distinct decrease in their radioresistnace at pH 6 and 7. Penicillum sp. spores irradiated in sucrose solutions showed no sinificant change in their radioresistance. Botrytis cinerea spores displayed a higher radioresistance when they were irradiated in sucrose solution than in water.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.606-611
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• 1997

Entomogenous fungi which attack living insects are powerful means for microbiological insecticide. The purpose of this study is to establish the culture conditions and media for mass production of Beauveria sp. C208 which has a broad host range as a potential microbiological pesticide. The temperature and pH range for optimal cultivation of this strain were 28$circ$C and pH 5.0-7.0. For Beauveria sp. C 208, 2% rice straw and 0.6% tryptone were found as the proper carbon and nitrogen sources, considering cell mass, enzyme activities such as chitinase, protease and lipase, and spore concentration.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.386-389
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• 2002

Antagonistic Bacillus sp. #16 to phytopathogenic fungi were selected based on the growth rate, inhibition rate and surface tension reduction. Based on the 16S rRNA sequences, Bacillus sp. #16 is closely related to the B. subtilis DSM10. In the pot test, Bacillus sp. #16 show the most effective growth inhibition against damping-off disease of cucumber seeding.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 1996

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of fowl dzopping. saw dust and rice hall on the soil microflora in vitro. The experiment was designed in seven treatments with the various organic materials and they were only soil (control). soil + fowl dropping (S+F), soil+fowl dropping+rice hull (S+F+R) soil+fowl dropping*saw dust (S+F+S). soil+chemical fertilizer (S+C.F), fowl dropping+rice hull (F+R) and fowl dropping+saw dust (F+S). All the samples of treatment were incubated in $28{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ condition and tested the activity of soil microflora for 84 days The activity of fungi, total bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and actinomycetes showed the highest values at, twenty-first day and the spore-forming bacteria was at forty-second day after incubation. The number of fungi and gram-negative bacteria showed the highest values in the treatment of F+S, the spore-forming bacteria and the actinomycetes were in the S+F+S. and the number of total bacteria was in the F+C.F., but in the treatment of F+R. all the microorganism except fungi showed the lowest values in their numbers. The composition ratio of dead bacteria was higher in the treatments of S+F+R and F+R than in those of others as 70% and 40% respectively. Actinomycetes isolated from the treatments of S+F and S+F+S were identified as Streptomyces sp.. Nocardia sp., Micromonospora sp. Actinomadura sp. and Saccharomonospora sp.