• 제목/요약/키워드: fundus

검색결과 216건 처리시간 0.023초

SKU-Net: Improved U-Net using Selective Kernel Convolution for Retinal Vessel Segmentation

  • Hwang, Dong-Hwan;Moon, Gwi-Seong;Kim, Yoon
    • 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.29-37
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    • 2021
  • 본 논문에서는 안저영상의 다중 스케일 정보를 다루기 위한 딥러닝 기반의 망막 혈관 분할 모델을 제안한다. 제안 모델은 이미지 분할 딥러닝 모델인 U-Net과 선택적 커널 합성곱을 통합한 합성곱 신경망으로 안저영상에서 눈과 관련된 질병을 진단하는데 중요한 정보가 되는 망막 혈관의 다양한 모양과 크기를 갖는 특징 정보를 추출하고 분할한다. 제안 모델은 일반적인 합성곱과 선택적 커널 합성곱으로 구성된다. 일반적인 합성곱 층은 같은 크기 커널 크기를 통해 정보를 추출하는 반면, 선택적 커널 합성곱은 다양한 커널 크기를 갖는 브랜치들에서 정보를 추출하고 이를 분할 주의집중을 통해 적응적으로 조정하여 결합한다. 제안 모델의 성능 평가를 위해 안저영상 데이터인 DRIVE와 CHASE DB1 데이터셋을 사용하였으며 제안 모델은 두 데이터셋에 대하여 F1 점수 기준 82.91%, 81.71%의 성능을 보여 망막 혈관 분할에 효과적임을 확인하였다.

이마앞겉질을 제거시킨 흰쥐 앞뇌의 바닥핵무리에서 변성축삭종말의 미세구조연구 (Ultrastructure of Degenerating Axon Terminals in the Basal Forebrain Nuclei of the Rat following Prefrontal Decortication)

  • 안병준;고정식;안의태
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • 제35권3호
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    • pp.135-152
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    • 2005
  • 중추신경계통에서도 최고중추인 이마앞겉질 (prefrontal cortex)은 거의 모든 대뇌겉질과 연결되어 있어서 대뇌겉질 각 부분에 저장된 감각, 운동, 언어... 등 모든 정보를 받을 뿐만 아니라, 앞뇌의 바닥핵들 (basal forebrain nuclei)을 비롯한 많은 신경핵들과도 연결되어 있어서 생체 내부환경과 본능에 관한 정보도 받아드린다. 이들 연결을 통해서 이마앞겉질은 변연계통의 본능, 감정, 기억, 학습기능과 줄무늬체계통의 적절한 표현, 대응, 절차기억, 운동조절기능들을 연계하고 조정한다. 앞뇌의 바닥핵들(꼬리핵 caudate nucleus, 줄무늬체바닥핵 fundus striati nucleus, 중격옆핵 accumbens septi nucleus, 중격핵 septal nucleus)도 역시 변연계통과 줄무늬체계통 사이에서 해부학적으로나 기능적으로도 교차기능이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 실험은 흰쥐의 이마앞겉질은 제거한 다음, 앞쪽 앞뇌의 바닥핵들에서 변성종말들이 있는지 여부와 그 미세구조를 관찰하려고 시행했다. $250{\sim}300g$된 흰쥐를 실험동물로 이용하였으며, 흰쥐들을 정상군, 대조군, 수술군으로 구분하였다. 수술군은 마취시킨 다음, 뇌수술장치에 고정시키고, 머리피부를 절개한 다음, 이마뼈에 구멍을 만들고, 이 구멍을 통해 이마앞겉질을 흡인하여 제거했다. 대조군은 이마뼈에 구멍을 만드는 과정까지만 실행하였고, 정상군은 아무조치도 취하지 않았다. 수술 후 2일 경과 후에 전자현미경 관찰을 위해 1% glutaraldehyde-1% paraldehyde 혼합액 (pH 7.4)에 1차 고정하였고, 뇌를 적출하여 고정액에 냉장시켰다가, 다음날 해당 신경핵을 적출하여 2차 고정액 (2% osmium tetroxide액)에 고정하였다. Araldite 혼합액에 포매하여 ultratome-V로 자른 절편은 4% uranyl acetate와 2.7% lead citrate로 염색하여 JEM 100CX-II 전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 관찰결과 네 신경핵에서 모두 변성 축삭종말이 관찰되었는데, 출현비율은 상당한 차이를 보여서 가장 변성이 심한 신경핵은 꼬리핵 이었고, 다음은 줄무늬체바닥핵, 중격옆핵, 중격핵의 순서였다. 변성축삭종말이 각 부위에서 연접하는 모양을 비교한 결과 꼬리핵과 줄무늬체바닥핵에서는 모두 가지돌기가시(dendritic spine)에 연접하였으나, 중격옆핵과 중격핵에서는 가지돌기 (dendrite)에 연접하는 것과 가지돌기가시에 연접하는 것이 혼재하였다. 이들 두 신경핵 무리는 이마앞겉질에서 기원하는 축삭종말의 연접차이로 볼 때 서로 다른 회로계통에 속할 것으로 생각되며, 문헌고찰을 통해서 꼬리핵과 줄무늬체바닥핵은 줄무늬체회로 (striatal circuit)에 속하고 중격옆핵과 중격핵은 변연계통회로(limbic circuit)에 속할 것으로 판정했다. 이마앞겉질은 생리적, 약리적, 신경학적 및 형태학적 근거들로 보아 바닥핵들을 통해 변연계통과 대뇌겉질 전체에 영향을 미칠 것으로 여겨지는데, 본 실험에서는 네 종류의 바닥핵들, 즉 꼬리핵, 줄무늬체바닥핵, 중격옆핵 및 중격핵과 관련된 신경연접들을 관찰하였으며, 그 결과를 문헌 고찰한 결과 변연계통과 줄무늬체계통이 앞뇌의 바닥에 있는 신경핵들에서 형태학적 교차연결을 통해 정서와 마음의 상태를 행동과 대응으로 표현하는 중요한 신경회로가 존재함을 제안하였다.

망막동맥폐쇄 환자 1례에 대한 임상적 고찰 (Clinical Study on one Patient with Retinal Artery Occlusion.)

  • 강은교;서형식
    • 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.235-240
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    • 2008
  • Objective : To carry out the oriental medicine treatment on a patient with Retinal Artery Occlusion in the left Methods : 1. Diagnosis: Fundus photography, Colored paper. 2. Treatment: Acupunture, Herbal medications. Results : It reported that oriental medicine is an effective treatment for a patient who felt a pain in eyes and hardly recognized the light. Through the treatment, the patient is steadily able to relieve the pain in eyes; to be aware of the light; and to perceive the shape of the object and it' s movement. Conclution : 1. Retinal Artery Occlusion is acute disease that vision is diminished fastly and become a blindness. 2. It belong to the cathegory of Pock Maeng(暴盲) in Oriental Medicine. 3. We could get the effective result by providing the patient with Tongkuhwalhyol-tang and Moschus.

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Data Mining for Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy

  • Moskowitz, Samuel E.
    • 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2003년도 ISIS 2003
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    • pp.372-375
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    • 2003
  • The incidence of blindness resulting from diabetic retinopathy has significantly increased despite the intervention of insulin to control diabetes mellitus. Early signs are microaneurysms, exudates, intraretinal hemorrhages, cotton wool patches, microvascular abnormalities, and venous beading. Advanced stages include neovascularization, fibrous formations, preretinal and vitreous microhemorrhages, and retinal detachment. Microaneurysm count is important because it is an indicator of retinopathy progression. The purpose of this paper is to apply data mining to detect diabetic retinopathy patterns in routine fundus fluorescein angiography. Early symptoms are of principal interest and therefore the emphasis is on detecting microaneurysms rather than vessel tortuosity. The analysis does not involve image-recognition algorithms. Instead, mathematical filtering isolates microaneurysms, microhemorrhages, and exudates as objects of disconnected sets. A neural network is trained on their distribution to return fractal dimension. Hausdorff and box counting dimensions grade progression of the disease. The field is acquired on fluorescein angiography with resolution superior to color ophthalmoscopy, or on patterns produced by physical or mathematical simulations that model viscous fingering of water with additives percolated through porous media. A mathematical filter and neural network perform the screening process thereby eliminating the time consuming operation of determining fractal set dimension in every case.

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A human case of gastric infection by Pseudoterranova decipiens larva

  • yu, Jae-Ran;Seo, Min;Kim, Young-Wook;Oh, Mee-Hee;Sohn, Yoon-Mok
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • 제39권2호
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    • pp.193-196
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    • 2001
  • We report a case of gastric pseudoterranoviasis proven by gastrofiberscopy on Dec. 13, 1994. The 34-year-old male patient, residing in Chungju-shi, was admitted to Konkuk University Hospital complaining of prickling epigastric pain. The symptoms suddenly attacked him two days after eating raw marine fish at Chonan-shi. By the gastrofiberscopic examination, a long white-yellowish nematode was found from the fundus region of stomach. The worm was $34.50{\;}{\times}{\;}0.84{\;}{\;}mm$ in size. and was identified as a 3rd stage larva of Pseudoterranova decipiens judging from the position of the intestinal cecum. This is the 12th confirmed case of human pseudoterranoviasis in Korea.

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연교(連翹)추출물의 일반(一般) 약리작용(藥理作用) (Pharmacological Studies on Forsythiae Fructus)

  • 이은방;금혜정
    • 생약학회지
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.262-269
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    • 1988
  • The Forsythiae fructus is described to be used as an antiinflammatory drug, diuretics, antidotes and antibacterials in oriental literatures. In order to investigate the efficacy of Forsythiae viridissima (Oleaceae), the methanol extract and its fraction have been evaluated for the acute toxicity, antiinflammatory, analgesic and spasmolytic action in animals. The methanol extract of Forsythiae fructus was found to have significant antiinflammatory activity in the acute and subacute antiinflammatory model in rats, but have no analgesic action. Furthermore, through fractionation procedure, it was found that the active compounds were easily soluble in chloroform and butanol. It is also noted that the extracts had spasmolytic activities in the rat fundus and uterus and had low acute toxicity in mice.

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Effect of an herbal formulation on DOCA-salt and fructose induced models of hypertension in rats

  • Athare, CL;Mohan, M;Kasture, SB
    • Advances in Traditional Medicine
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    • 제8권4호
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    • pp.354-364
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    • 2008
  • The present study was carried out to investigate the antihypertensive effect of a folklore herbal formulation (HF) (300mg/kg/day; p.o.) in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt induced and fructose induced hypertensive rats. In DOCA model, DOCA (15 mg/kg, s.c., twice a week) was administered to unilateral nephrectomized rats for 4 weeks. In fructose model, drinking water was replaced with 10% fructose solution for 6 weeks to induce hypertension. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was measured once every week during the treatment schedule. After completion of treatment schedule, BP and vascular reactivity to various agonists like Noradrenaline, Adrenaline, Phenylephrine and Serotonin (5-hydroxytrptamine; 5-HT) were recorded in rats of both models. A cumulative concentration response curve of 5-HT was carried out in isolated rat fundus strip of the DOCA-salt induced and fructose induced hypertensive rats. The results tend to suggest that HF possesses antihypertensive activity.

Aspalatone의 일반약리작용 (General Pharmacology of Aspalatone)

  • 이은방;조성익;천선아;장혜옥
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.99-106
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    • 2000
  • Aspalatone [3-(2-methyl-4proponyl)]-2-acetyloxybenzoate, CAS 147249-33-0) is a compound having an antithrombotic action. General pharmacological properties of aspalatone were studied. Aspalatone had no effect on central nervous system and no anticonvulsant effect up to 1200 mg/kg p.o. However, the compound has hypothermic and analgesic effect. When administered intravenously in rabbits, aspalatone did not affect blood pressure, heat rate and respiration rate and depth, and it did not inhibit transient hypotensive effect of acetylcholine. The compound did not affect isolated guinea-pig ileum and tracheal strip at a concentration of 1${\times}$$10^{-4}$, and did not inhibit histamine-induced contraction of guinea-pig ileum. It also did not affect isolated rat stomach fundus and estrogenated rat uterus at 1${\times}$$10^{-4}$, and did not inhibit contraction produced by acetylcholine or oxytocin. The pupil size and intestinal propulsion were not influenced at a large dose of was shown. The compound showed a slight increase in urine volume and led to decreased excretion of potassium in urine of rats. The results suggest that aspalatone may have no considerable adverse effects in general pharmacological aspect.

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Tc-99m MAG3 신장 스캔시 뇨 누출과 유사한 유리 Tc-99m 과산화테크네슘에 의한 장관내 방사능 (Bowel Activity Caused by Free Tc-99m Pertechnetate Mimicking Urine Leaks during Tc-99m $MAG_{3}$ Renal Scintigraphy)

  • 임석태;김민우;손명희
    • 대한핵의학회지
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.135-136
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    • 2003
  • A 43-year-old woman with diabetic nephropathy underwent a Tc-99m MAG3 renal scintigraphy for the evaluation of renal function. Posterior images at 60 minutes demonstrated a migration of radiotracer activity beyond the lower pole of the left kidney, which might be incorrectly interpreted as urine leaks. However, the increased activities were moving along the bowel lumens over time. Another ring-like radioactivity was also seen in the suprasplenic region, and increased with time. These radioactivities were in the gastric fundus and gastrointestinal tract and caused by free Tc-99m pertechnetate.

A case of gastric pseudoterranoviasis in a 43-year-old man in Korea

  • Koh, Moon-Soo;Huh, Sun;Sohn, Woon-Mok
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • 제37권1호
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    • pp.47-49
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    • 1999
  • A case of Pseudoterranova decipiens infection was found in a 43-year-old man by gastroendoscopic examination on August 20, 1996. On August 6, 1996, he visited a local clinic, complaining of epigastric pain two days after eating raw marine fishes. Although the symptoms were relieved soon, endoscopic examination was done for differential diagnosis. A white, live nematode larva was removed from the fundus of the stomach. The larva was $38.3{\times}1.0{\;}mm$ in size and had a cecum reaching to the mid-level of the ventriculus. A lot of transverse striations were regularly arranged on the cuticle of its body surface, but the boring tooth and mucron were not observed at both ends of the worm. The worm was identified as the 4th stage larva of P. decipiens.

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