• 셀메드
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.6.1-6.10
• /
• 2015

Fumaria indica Linn. (Syn: Fumaria parviflora, Fumariaceae) is a wildly grown weed, mentioned and recommended in classical Ayurvedic texts for treatments of variety of ailments including dermatological diseases, topical diseases, cardiovascular complaints, circulatory disease, fever and headache etc. The present pilot study was designed to experimentally verify the possibility that fumarates are the major bioactive principles of Fumaria indica extracts involved in their stress response modulating activities, and to estimate pharmacologicallyactive dose ranges of fumarates and standardized methanolic extract of Fumaria indica (MFI). Effect of single, 5 and 10 daily oral doses of pure fumaric acid (FA), monomethyl fumarate (MMF), dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and MFI was quantified in well validated rodent models viz. apomorphine induced cage climbing, stress induced hyperthermia, and elevated plus-maze tests. Obtained results reveal high efficacy of MFI and pure fumarates possess qualitatively analogous activity profiles in all the three tests. There were no significant difference in the potencies of pure FA, MMF and DMF in the three tests, whereas efficacy of MFI in the elevated plus maze test for anxiolytics was higher than in the other two tests. Efficacies of all the four test agents in all the three tests increased with increasing number of days of oral treatments. Results of these pilot experiments should be helpful for more rational selections of pharmacologically interesting dose ranges and treatment regimens of fumarates and Fumaria indica extracts for further more holistic explorations of their diverse therapeutic potentials.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.863-868
• /
• 1989

한국산 양다래 주요 품종인 Hayward, Abbott, Bruno의 이화학적 특성을 조사하였던 바 결과는 다음과 같았다. 가용성 고형물, 조지방, 경도 및 비중은 Abbott가 가장 높은 값을 나타냈으며, 양다래에 함유된 무기물 성분은 K, P, Ca 및 Mg가 주된 성분들이며, 이 중 K와 Mg는 Bruno에 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다. 또한 유기산 중 아스코르브산, 말레산, 시트르산과 푸마르산 역시 다른 품종에 비하여 Bruno가 높은 함량을 보였다. Hayward 품종의 숙도에 따른 이화학적 특성을 조사하였던 바 숙성이 진행되는 동안 유리당 중 글루코오스와 프럭토오스의 함량이 증가된 반면 수우크로스는 감소되는 경향을 보였으며, 유기산의 경우 숙성이 진행되면서 말산과 시트르산은 감소한 반면 말레산, 푸마르산 그리고 숙신산 등은 그 양이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 전기영동에 의한 단백질 변화 양상을 숙성 정도에 따라 비교 하였던바 분자량 17,000~23,500사이에 새로운 단백질 띠가 나타났다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 1996

Physicochemical properties and the conditions of cold storage of kiyomi clangor(Citrus unshiu x sinensis) produced in Cheju were investigated. Firmness, edible part ratio, soluble solids, and acid content were decreased gradually with incurasing fruit size. Carbohydrates in juice were consisted of 65.12% sucrose, 19.65% fructose, and 15.23% glucose The main organic acrid In juice was 57.4% of citric acid, and others were lactic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid and fumaric acid, respectively. Weight loss were occured very. slowly to about 6% till late of May, but decayed fruits were occurred very slowly to about 6% till late of May, but decayed fruits were arisen to about 8% at 3$^{\circ}C$, and about 13% at 5$^{\circ}C$ of storage temperature. The changes of peel moisture content, soluble solids, total sugar, vitaamin C, and density of fruits were slightly occured during cold storage. Cold storage at 3$^{\circ}C$ and 87% relative humidity kept freshness of citrus fruits for a long-term without damage of cold injury.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.134-139
• /
• 1972

한국산(韓國産) 주요(主要) 과실류(果實類)로 미숙(未熟) 및 완숙(完熟)의 매실, 복숭아, 포도, 사과 및 배의 주요(主要) 품종별(主要品種別) 비휘발성(非揮發性) 유기산(有機酸) 및 당(糖)의 계절적(季節的) 비휘발성(非揮發性) 유기산(有機酸) 및 당(糖)의 함량변화(含量變化)를 구명(究明)하기 위하여 비휘발성(非揮發性) 유기산(有機酸)은 gas chromatography법(法)으로 당(糖)은 thin layer chromatography법(法)으로 분석(分析)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었기에 보고(報告)하는 바이다. 1) 이들 과실중(果實中)의 비휘발성(非揮發性) 유기산(有機酸)은 oxalic, fumaric, succinic, maleic, tartaric 및 citric acids 이고 함량(含量)은 $0{\sim}3430mg/100g$이었다. 2) 위과실(果實)에 함유(含有)된 유기산(有機酸) 중(中) malic acid가 $18{\sim}3430mg/100g$로 가장 많다. 매실(梅實)에 함유(含有)된 10.8mg/100g를 제외(除外)하고는 oxalic acid가 가장 적었다. 3) 일반적(一般的)으로 모든 비휘발성(非揮發性) 유기산(有機酸) 함량(含量)은 성숙(成熟)과 더불어 그 양(量)이 감소(減少)되었다. 단 열외(列外)로서 사과 및 배의 각(各 ) 일품종(一品種)에서는 증가(增加)하였다. 4) Glucose 및 fructose는 모든 과실중(果實中)에 다량(多量) 함유(含有)되어 있으며 maltose와 sucrose는 소량(小量)씩 함유(含有)되었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.279-284
• /
• 2008

We investigated whether carboxylate exudation of Brassica pekinensis Rupr. was affected by nitrate deposition from simulated acid rain. A gas chromatographic (GC) analysis was employed for the determination of low molecular weight organic acids (LOA) in rhizosphere soils, bulk soil, roots and leaves of Brassica pekinensis Rupr.. Rhizosphere soils were collected after 8 weeks of plant growth by first removing the bulk soil from the root system and then by mechanical move off the rhizosphere soil that adhered to the root surface with soft brush. Soil and plant materials were simultaneously extracted with the mixture of methanol and sulfuric acid (100:7, v/v). Seven organic acids, oxalic, malonic, fumaric, succinic, maleic, L-malic and citric acid were identified and quantified by GC equipped with FID. Oxalic, L-malic, and citric acids were found in both the bulk and rhizosphere soils, while most LOAs were not detected in the control treatment. On the contrary, except maleic acid, all other organic acids were detected in the leaves and roots of cabbages treated with nitrate deposition.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.42-51
• /
• 2009

Saturated n-dicarboxylic acids ($C_2-C_7$, $C_9$), unsaturated dicarboxylic acids (maleic, fumaric, phthalic acid), ketocarboxylic acids (pyruvic, glyoxylic acid), and dicarbonyls (glyoxal, methylglyoxal) were determined in size-segregated samples with a high-volume Andersen air sampler at a suburban site in Saitama, Japan, May 12-17 and July 24-27, 2007 and January 22-31, 2008. The seasonal average concentrations of these detected organic acids were 670 $ng/m^3$, accounting for about 4.4-5.7% (C/C) of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and 2.3-3.6% (C/C) of organic carbon (OC). The most abundant species of dicarboxylic acids was oxalic acid, followed by malonic, phthalic, or succinic acids. Glyoxylic acid and methyglyoxal were most abundant ketocarboxylic acid and dicarbonyl, respectively. Seasonal differences, size-segregated concentrations, and the correlations of these acids with ambient temperatures, oxidants, elemental carbon (EC), OC, WSOC, and ionic components were also discussed in terms of their corresponding sources and possible secondary formation pathways. The results suggested that photochemical reactions contributed more to the formation of particulate organic acids in Saitama suburban areas than did direct emissions from anthropogenic and natural sources. However, direct emissions of vehicles were also important sources of several organic acids in particles, such as phthalic and adipic acids, especially in winter.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 1993

The object of this study was to investigate the effects of blanching and lactic acid bacterial inoculation on the quality of kimchi. The pHs of the group added Leuconostoc mesenteroides were rapidly decreased, and then kept almost steady states. However, the pHs of the groups added Bifidobacterium bifidum were gradually decreased. Blanching treatment reduced the number of viable cells. At the beginning of the fermentation, the total organic acid contents of the blanched groups were lower than those of the non-blanched groups, but later on they were higher. With fermentation, the contents of malic, citric and fumaric acid were decreased in the control group, but increased in the cultured groups and all blanched groups. The cutting forces of the blanched groups were higher than those of the non-blanched groups during the whole fermentation period. The inoculation of Leu. mesenteroides was effective on the preservation of ascorbic acid. Blanching and the inoculation of Leu. mesenteroides gave good effect on the sensory acceptability. The acceptability of the groups added Bifidobacterium bifidum was low in initial fermentation period, but increased during the late fermentation period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권8호
• /
• pp.1244-1251
• /
• 2018

Objective: The objective of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism underlying liver metabolic perturbations in dairy cows exposed to heat stress (HS). Methods: Liquid chromatography massabl spectrometry was used to analyze metabolic differences in livers of 20 dairy cows, with and without exposure to HS. Results: The results revealed 33 potential metabolite candidate biomarkers for the detection of HS in dairy cows. Fifteen of these metabolites (glucose, lactate, pyruvate, acetoacetate, ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate, fumaric acid, citric acid, choline, glycine, proline, isoleucine, leucine, urea, creatinine, and orotic acid) were previously found to be potential biomarkers of HS in plasma or milk, discriminating dairy cows with and without HS. Conclusion: All the potential diagnostic biomarkers were involved in glycolysis, amino acid, ketone, tricarboxylic acid, or nucleotide metabolism, indicating that HS mainly affected energy and nucleotide metabolism in lactating dairy cows.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 2001

The NBP assay was conducted to determine the photomutagenic or photocarcinogenic potential of alkylating agents. Using a 4-NBP in vitro technique, whereby photochemical treatment on CAS (Chemical Activation System) was performed to investigate the enhancement effect, 20 compounds were shown to undergo alkylating mechanisms with 4-NBP. Chemically meaningful results were obtained with different sets of 20 compounds for the alkylating activities due to the UV irradiation, demonstrating that all of the testing compounds showed increasing photoalkylating effects either in the presence or absence of CAS in comparison with previously reported data, except furoic acid and fumaric acid that showed decreasing effect in the presence of a CAS. Caffeine did not show a meaningful result either. However, these findings demonstrate the effects of potential photoalkylating activity in chemical activation system (CAS) and suggest a potential risk-ranking system for the in vivo assays.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.753-756
• /
• 2001

This research made a study of MnO$_2$electrode for supercapacitor with a diffuser (Polyvinyl alcohol). Manganese dioxide was used as active material. We tried to increase specific surface area by adding PVA. Manganese dioxide was synthesized by a sol-gel method using fumaric acid and oxalic acid in low temperature with high yield. Therefore, We prepared Manganese dioxide powder. This powder was used by active materials. The electrode was made by a mixture of active material, ketjen-black which is a large specific surface area, and PVdF-co-HFP as binder agent with using Nickel mesh as current collector. Here we reported on the synthesis and electrochemical performance of a enhanced material. All active materials have been submitted to X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscopy.