• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.32-42
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• 2013

정부는 문화재수리공사의 품질확보 및 부실공사를 방지하기 위하여 문화재 감리제도를 2010년 1월에 도입하였다. 그러나, 문화재 감리와 관련된 감리대상공사, 감리자의 업무 범위, 감리대가, 감리원의 배치기준 등이 마련되어 있지 못해, 공공건설공사에서 운영하고 있는 감리제도를 운영하고 있다. 이로 인해 소규모 공사위주의 문화재수리 및 복원 특성을 반영한 문화재수리공사의 감리특성을 반영하고 있지 못한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 문화재수리공사의 특성에 맞는 평균 공사기간을 분석하여 감리업무와 대가기준 작성방향을 제안하였고, 문화재수리공사의 감리업무량을 조사 분석하여 감리대가기준을 마련하였다. 즉, 일정규모 이상의 문화재수리공사 경우, 감리원이 현장에 상주하여 감리업무를 수행하기 때문에 공공건설공사의 감리대가 산출방식과 같은 정액적산방식을 적용하여 감리대가 기준(안)을 제안하였다. 또한 일정규모 이하인 소규모 문화재수리공사의 경우, 감리원이 현장에 상주하지 않고, 주요 공종에만 현장에 방문하여 검사 및 확인하는 "건축법"의 수시 감리방식과 같은 비상주 감리대가 기준(안)을 제안하였다. 상기 문화재감리대가 기준(안)을 적용하여 분석한 결과, 문화재수리공사 상주감리의 감리비는 공공공사의 시공감리 대비 98% 수준이며, 비상주감리의 감리비는 건축공사감리 대비 158% 수준으로 도출되었다. 상기 연구결과인 문화재수리공사의 감리대가 기준(안)을 현장에 적용하게 되면, 문화재수리공사의 고품질 확보 등을 통하여 우리나라의 소중한 문화재를 보존할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.135-151
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• 2023

Using 3D asphalt pavement surface data, a deep and multiscale network named CrackNet-M is proposed in this paper for pixel-level crack detection for improvements in both accuracy and robustness. The CrackNet-M consists of four function-specific architectural modules: a central branch net (CBN), a crack map enhancement (CME) module, three pooling feature pyramids (PFP), and an output layer. The CBN maintains crack boundaries using no pooling reductions throughout all convolutional layers. The CME applies a pooling layer to enhance potential thin cracks for better continuity, consuming no data loss and attenuation when working jointly with CBN. The PFP modules implement direct down-sampling and pyramidal up-sampling with multiscale contexts specifically for the detection of thick cracks and exclusion of non-crack patterns. Finally, the output layer is optimized with a skip layer supervision technique proposed to further improve the network performance. Compared with traditional supervisions, the skip layer supervision brings about not only significant performance gains with respect to both accuracy and robustness but a faster convergence rate. CrackNet-M was trained on a total of 2,500 pixel-wise annotated 3D pavement images and finely scaled with another 200 images with full considerations on accuracy and efficiency. CrackNet-M can potentially achieve crack detection in real-time with a processing speed of 40 ms/image. The experimental results on 500 testing images demonstrate that CrackNet-M can effectively detect both thick and thin cracks from various pavement surfaces with a high level of Precision (94.28%), Recall (93.89%), and F-measure (94.04%). In addition, the proposed CrackNet-M compares favorably to other well-developed networks with respect to the detection of thin cracks as well as the removal of shoulder drop-offs.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.285-298
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• 2010

This study aims to analyze teachers job satisfaction according to the working environment of teachers working in child-care centers and to investigate which variables of the working environment relate to job satisfaction of child-care teachers. The main results of this study were as follows. First, married teachers are more satisfied with the job itself, supervision, and colleague relations compared to teachers who are not married. Teachers with certificates are more satisfied with the job itself compared to teachers without certificates. Second, teachers's job satisfaction is significantly correlated with their salary, welfare, and colleague relations. Also teachers' job satisfaction is correlated with responsibility in the case that teachers have a good relation with their principal and child-care parents. Third, the results of this study show that teachers consider substitute teachers, vacation systems, day care systems, compliant with the ratio of teacher and children, job security, order of legal status as important. With regard to external compensation, teachers want salary increase, payment on overtime labor, flexible work-time, use of both full-time and part-time teachers, expansion of educational materials, increase on purchasing cost for textbooks and materials. To improve the quality of child-care teachers' working environment as well as their satisfaction, practical policies need to be implemented.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제61호
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• pp.87-107
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• 2019

"공공부문 정규직 전환"이라는 정부의 정책 변화에 따라 국회, 정부청사, 인천공항 등 국가중요시설에 대한 보안산업에 상당한 변화가 일어나고 있다. 또한, 현역병 지원감소 등의 이유로 2023년 의무경찰 제도가 폐지하게 되어 국회, 정부청사, 경찰청 등 국가중요시설뿐만 아니라 경찰관서, 국회의장 등의 공관 및 전직 대통령 사저 등에서 기존 의무경찰이 담당하던 시설경비업무를 대체할 수 있는 인력 마련이 시급한 현실이다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 대체 인력으로 거론되고 있는 청원경찰, 특수경비원, 방호원의 법적근거 및 관리감독, 고용형태 및 임금, 직무범위 및 직무권한에 대한 비교분석을 실시하였으며, 수도권 5개 대학(2년제 전문대학 3개, 4년제 대학교 2개)의 경호 및 보안 관련 학과에 재학 중인 학생 234명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시한 결과 청원경찰로 대체하는 것이 가장 효과적인 방안이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 보안산업의 변화에 따라 경호 및 보안 관련 학과에서는 청원경찰로의 취업 등 우수한 인력을 양성하기 위해 '위급상황 대처능력', '무도능력'을 중심으로 학생들의 다양한 능력을 향상시키기 위해 노력해야 한다. 또한, '무도 단증'과 '응급구조 및 심폐소생술', '경비지도사 및 신변보호사' 등의 자격증을 취득하기 위한 '무도실기', '청원경찰법', '응급구조 및 심폐소생술' 등의 과목을 경호 및 보안 관련 학과 교육과정에 적극적으로 반영할 필요성이 있다.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제10권
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• pp.3-37
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• 1983

1. Library practice education in Korea is in the form of field experience, that is, Practicum, which is one type of field experience. 2. The practicum is a short-term work experience guided by the academic institutions. (2 to 6 weeks of full time employment in a library, or one to two semesters of approximately 10 to 12 hours weekly) 3. Field work is largely accepted as a required subject. 4. Field work is usually carried out during the first semester of senior year. (or of sophomore year in junior college) 5. Libraries in other universities (or in other institutions) can beused for a student's field work. But the current tendency is to use his or her own university's library. 6. Most universities give one credit for 2 weeks' field work. 7. The method of evaluation is strict: A or 'excellent' (above 90), B or 'good' (above 80), C or 'fair' (above 70), D or 'bad' (above 60). 8. The expense of field work is usually included in the tuition fees. However, some think that an additional fees should be collected in the case of special practice. 9. Respondents to my survey say that the field experience is necessary so that professional librarians can connect theory and practice. 10. They also indicate that there are some problems in library practice education: administrative difficulties in the department chairman's office, the burden on professors in the library being used, and the limited number of libraries in which the field work is practicable. 11. The Department of Library Science is responsible primarily for providing faculty supervision over the students, and secondarily for the preparation of evaluation cards and field work reports. 12. Most of the faculty respondents use evaluation cards for the field work, some of which serve as grade sheets, some as field work diaries, and some as field work reports.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.87-104
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• 2004

This study selected the fifth and sixth graders of elementary school in Jeollanamdo who can express their opinions of safety consciousness and understand the items of questionnaire as the population. It selected 10 elementary schools under the supervision of Jeonnam Board of Education and sampled 700 students randomly from 2-3 classes in the 5th and the 6th grade. One preliminary survey was conducted to revise and complement the contents and forms of questionnaire with 70 students of a school from Apr. 1 to 6, 2004 and this study was conducted from Apr. 10 to 30, 2004. Data of this study were collected by explaining the purport of study to subjects after obtaining approval of principal and teacher of the school and distributing questionnaires. Total 700 questionnaires were distributed and 681 were collected (97%) and 602 were used for final analysis except 79 lacking responses. The results of this study are as follows. According to demographical characteristics of subjects, 'male' students were 302(50.%) and 'female' students were 300(49.8%) by sex and 'the 5th graders' were 285(47.3%) and 'the 6th graders' were 317(52.7%) in grade distribution. Residents at 'apartment house' were 406(67.4%) in residence type, 'going to school by foot' was 477 students(79.2%), 'high school graduates' were 297(49.3%) in fathers' education, 'high school graduates' were 366 (60.8%) in mothers' education, 'professional and office workers' were 231(38.4%) in fathers' job, 'full-time workers' were 283(47.0%) in mothers' job, and the number of siblings was one except myself in 343 students(57.0%). Respondents on the level of class showing 'good' were 340(56.5%) and those on the degree of adaptation to school life showing 'active' were 349(58.0%). On the characteristics related to safety education, 360(59.8%) responded it was 'very necessary', on the frequency of safety education at school for last one year, 339(56.3%) responded they had 'once or twice', on the frequency of safety education by parents, 279(46.3%) responded they 'often' had it, on the level of safety practice by parents, 347(57.6%) responded they practiced it 'frequently', on the source of knowledge of safety, 223(37.0%) responded they got it from 'parents, siblings and relatives', on the degree of recognizing the need of safety education textbooks, 295(38.5%) responded 'it was needed', on the recognition of necessity of teacher for safety education, 271(45.0%) answered it was very necessary', and on the recognition of qualification of teacher for safety education, 370(61.5%) answered it was 'paramedic'. The mean score of safety consciousness of subjects was 2.72 (SD. 21) of full score 3, having high score over mean score. According to each area, the area showing the highest safety consciousness was safety of fire(2.83), followed by home safety(2.76) and first-aid treatment(2.76), traffic safety(2.71), play and leisure safety(2.66) and school safety(2.56). Items showing statistical differences in the degree of safety consciousness according to demographical characteristics were sex(t=-3.11, p=.002), education(t=2.33, p=.021) and number of siblings(F=3.729, p=.011). In the difference of safety consciousness between both sexes, 'female' students(2.75) showed higher safety consciousness than 'male' students (2.69), and the former also showed higher safety consciousness than the latter in all six areas of school safety, play and leisure safety, traffic safety, fire safety, home safety and first-aid treatment, and there were statistical differences in the areas of play and leisure safety, traffic safety, fire safety and first-aid treatment. According to the differences of safety consciousness by grade, 'the fifth graders'(2.74) showed higher safety consciousness than 'the sixth graders'(2.70) and the former also showed higher safety consciousness than the latter in all six areas of school safety, play and leisure safety, traffic safety, fire safety, home safety and first-aid treatment, and there were statistical differences in the areas of fire safety and home safety. In the safety consciousness by the number of siblings, 'single son or daughter' (2.78) was highest and their safety consciousness was also highest in all six areas of school safety, play and leisure safety, traffic safety, fire safety, home safety and first-aid treatment, and there were statistical differences in the areas of school safety, fire safety and home safety, There were statistically remarkable differences in degree of adaptation to school life (F=15.349, p=.000) and perceived schooling level(F=9.552, p=.000). According to the degree of safety consciousness related to characteristics of safety education, there were statistical differences at the degree of recognizing the need of safety education(F=9.797, p=.000), degree of safety education at school(F=2.595, p=.006), degree of safety education by parents(F=12.709, p=.000), degree of practicing safety by parents(F=17.579, p=.000), source of knowledge of safety education (F=2,715, p=.044), necessity of safety education textbooks(F=3.972, p=.008), need of safety teacher(F=4.137, p=.006) and qualification standard of safety teacher(F=3.016, p=.029).