• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.717-738
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• 2005

The present study was conducted to analyze the status of food and nutrients intakes of the colorectal cancer patients in the Daegu$\cdot$Kyungpook area and to find dietary risk factors related to the occurrence of colorectal cancer in this community. The case subjects (123) were selected from the patients recently diagnosed as colorectal cancer at Kyunrpook National University Hospital, the control subjects (182) were selected from the patients of the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at the same hospital and from the healthy volunteers who did not have any gastrointestinal diseases. The food consumption survey was done by individual interviews using semi-quantitative food kequency questionnaire and nutrients intakes were analysed by CAN program. The results of the study suggested that dietary factors which are speculated as the risk factors of colorectal cancer in Daegu$\cdot$Kyungpook area were high consumption of cereals and oils low consumption of fruits and mushrooms, high consumption of energy and fat, especially animal fat, low consumption of dietary fiber, high percentage of energy intake from cereals and potatoes, high intakes of protein, fat, vitamin A and cholesterol from egg, low intake of calcium from vegetables, and high intake of iron from meats and eggs. These findings might be useful for the nuation education to prevent colorectal cancer in the community. However it is recommended to conduct more extensive and systematic survey to reconfirm these dietary risk factors under taking into consideration of the dietary characteristics in this region.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2012

Several studies have been conducted on dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition in Asian populations. We examined the cross-sectional associations in dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition, including the glycemic index (GI) with dyslipidemia and diabetes among the Korean adult population. We analyzed 9,725 subjects (3,795 men and 5,930 women, ${\geq}$ 20 years) from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dietary information was collected using single 24-hour recall. Reduced rank regression was used to derive dietary patterns from 22 food groups as predictor variables and four dietary factors related to the quantity and quality of carbohydrates as response variables. Two dietary patterns were identified: 1) the balanced pattern was characterized by high intake of various kinds of foods including white rice, and 2) the rice-oriented pattern was characterized by a high intake of white rice but low intake of vegetables, fruits, meat, and dairy products. Both patterns had considerable amounts of total carbohydrate, but GI values differed. The rice-oriented pattern was positively associated with hypertriglyceridemia in men and low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in both men and women. The balanced pattern had no overall significant association with the prevalence of dyslipidemia or diabetes, however, men with energy intake above the median showed a reduced prevalence of diabetes across quintiles of balanced pattern scores. The results show that dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition are associated with prevalence of dyslipidemia and diabetes in the Korean adult population.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.311-324
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• 2011

This study was performed to assess the nutritional status of low income elderly women aged ${\geq}$65 years residing in Gyeongnam Masan (n=124). Nutrition intakes, food intake frequency, and health-related behaviors including smoking, drinking, and exercise were investigated. Nutrition intake was calculated by the 24-hour recall method using CAN-pro (ver. 3.0). Average daily intakes of energy were $1,142.3{\pm}39$ kcal (71.4% of EER) in subjects aged 65~74 years and $1,071.0{\pm}41.7$ kcal (66.9% of EER) in subjects aged ${\geq}$75 years and the subjects consumed energy less than both 75% of estimated energy requirement (EER). The proportions of energy derived from protein, fat, and carbohydrate were 15.4:15.5:70.6 (aged 65~74 years), and 15.3:13.4:70.8 (aged ${\geq}$75). Nutrients consumed at less than estimated average requirements (EARs) were Ca (60.4%), P (98.4%), Zn (91%), vitamin E (48% of adequate intake, AI), vitamin $B_1$ (63.3%), vitamin $B_2$ (54%), niacin (87.7%), vitamin C (62.5%), and folate (50.5%). Especially, the intakes of Ca (58%), vitamin E (41% of AI), vitamin $B_1$ (60%), vitamin $B_2$ (50%), folate (46.5%), and vitamin C (54%) were 75% less than the EAR for people aged ${\geq}$75 years. According to the food intake frequency survey, the intakes of calcium, milk, fruits, and vegetables were very poor. In conclusion, this study suggests that a nutritional support program for elderly women of low socioeconomic class must be provided by the government to improve the quality of remaining life.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.100-115
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• 1999

With the growing number of nutrient calculation software packages on the market, there are need to compare each programs. Since each program use different nutrient databases, the result of calculation may be different in value. In this study, we use three(A, B, C) most popular program package to compare the result of nutrient calculation. For the analysis, 24hour recall data from 97 preschool children, 66 university students and 95 aged persons were used. For the calculation if subjects gave the complete recipe, recipes from the subjects were used. Otherwise, recipe from the program database were used. Common 15 nutrients of which all program can give results, are analyzed and compared for mean nutrient intake and nutrient intake for food groups. Ten nutrients among 15 nutrients which have RDA were analyzed for % of RDA and the distribution of RDA. Mean nutrient intake of Fe, vitamin A, Na were statistically different among results of the calculation using three programs(p<0.001). The distribution of Fe, vitamin A and vitamin $B_2$, niacin were statistically different among three results of the calculation using three program(p<0.001, p<0.05). Nutrient intakes of food groups were statistically different in cereal and products, bean and products, vegetables, fruits, fishes and shellfishes, milk and products, beverages, and seasonings(p<0.0001). It is hard to say that the difference among three program are coming from the difference from nutrient database or recipe database in this study. With these result, we conclude that it is necessary to evaluate nutrient database and recipe database as the foremost consideration in selecting nutrient calculation software. Those differences should be considered when interpreting results, comparing results with other studies, and when developing treatment plans in the clinical settings.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.272-281
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• 2013

To study the importance of family meals in adolescents, 251 middle school students were surveyed through a questionnaire on their family meal patterns, dietary behaviors, food intake, and life satisfaction. The family meals were defined as "meals with all family members living together" by 62.2% of the students. For the frequency of family meals, 42.2% of the students replied having family meals "More than once a day". A common reason for the difficulty in having a family meal was a "lack of time" (73.3% of the students). Students tended to respond that they would be most fond in having meals with entire family members with traditional Korean food. Having more frequent family meals was found to benefit both individual and familial dietary behavior. In terms of food intake according to the frequency of family meals, the group having frequent family meals consumed significantly more rice, tofu, legumes, meats, fishes, eggs, green vegetables, seaweeds, fruits, milk, and milk products. This indicates that students can achieve a balanced diet through family meals. In terms of emotional status, the group having more frequent family meals showed a higher satisfaction with their daily life, health, nutritional status, and care from their relatives. In terms of personal mental status, the group having more frequent family meals was also found to be more effective at controlling undesirable emotions such as loneliness, indignation, and lethargy. As a result of this study, students in the group having more frequent family meals were found to have a positive dietary behavior, a balanced nutrition, a higher life satisfaction, and a more stable mental status. This result is useful as nutritional and educational information in schools to impress upon the public the importance of family meals for adolescents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.507-518
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• 2015

본 연구는 우리나라 성인의 식품안정성에 따른 플라보노이드 섭취 실태를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 제 4, 5기 (2007~2012) 국민건강영양조사 자료와 한국인 상용식품의 플라보노이드 데이터베이스를 이용하여 식품안정성에 따른 총 플라보노이드 및 개별 플라보노이드 섭취량, 식품군 섭취량, 주요 급원 식품군 및 10개 식품을 분석하였다. 국민건강영양조사 식생활형편 문항을 이용하여 대상자를 식품안정성 확보군과 미확보군으로 구분하여 분석한 결과, 남녀 모두에서 연령, 조사기수, 가구 소득수준, 교육수준, 월간음주 여부, 식이보충제 복용 여부, 외식 빈도에 따른 두 군의 분포에 유의한 차이가 발견되었다. 남녀 모두 총 플라보노이드, 플라보놀, 플라본, 플라바논, 플라바놀, 이소플라본, 프로안토시아니딘 섭취량이 식품안정성 미확보군에서 유의하게 낮았고, 총 섭취 열량을 보정한 후에는 총 플라보노이드, 플라본, 플라바논, 플라바놀 섭취량만 유의하게 낮았다. 총 열량 보정 후, 안토시아니딘과 프로안토시아니딘은 여성에서만 식품안정성 미확보군의 섭취량이 유의하게 낮았다. 총 플라보노이드 섭취량은 식품안정성 수준이 불량할수록 낮아지는 경향도 발견되었다. 식품안정성 미확보군은 식품안정성 확보군보다 채소류, 과일류 등의 섭취량이 유의하게 낮았고, 과일류, 채소류로부터 섭취한 플라보노이드의 양이 유의하게 적었다. 식품안정성 확보군의 주요 급원 식품은 사과 (20.7%), 귤 (12.0%), 두부 (11.5%) 등이며, 식품안정성 미확보군의 주요 급원식품은 사과 (14.9%), 두부 (13.3%), 귤 (12.6%) 등으로, 미확보군의 플라보노이드 섭취에 기여하는 식품 중 두류 및 그 제품의 비율이 비교적 높고, 과일류의 비율이 비교적 낮았다. 이상의 결과에서 식품안정성과 플라보노이드 섭취량에 연관성이 있음을 알 수 있었고, 이는 식품안정성에 따른 식품 섭취의 차이에서 기인하는 것으로 파악되었다. 추후 더욱 정확한 식품안정성 조사 자료와 더욱 포괄적인 파이토케미컬 섭취 자료를 이용한 연구가 수행되면 식품안정성에 따른 식사의 질 차이에 대한 이해가 높아질 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.670-683
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• 2022

본 연구는 한국 비만 성인의 개인의 특성을 고려한 구체적인 가이드라인 마련을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자, 2013-2018년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 분석하여 비만군을 대상으로 연령에 따라 식품군·음식군 섭취비율 분석하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 비만 여부에 따른 총 에너지 섭취 대비 식품군의 섭취 비율을 분석한 결과 남성에서는 곡류, 고기·생선·달걀·콩류, 채소류, 기타로 나타났으며, 여성에서 곡류, 고기·생선·달걀·콩류, 채소류, 우유 및 유제품류, 유지 및 당류, 기타로 나타났다. 비만 여부에 따른 총 에너지 섭취 대비 음식군의 섭취 비율을 분석한 결과 남성에서는 면·만두류, 구이류, 볶음류, 나물·무침류, 회류, 장아찌류, 과일군, 밥류, 빵·과자류, 우유 및 유제품, 음료·차류였으며, 여성에서는 밥류, 면·만두류, 빵류, 구이류, 볶음류, 튀김류, 나물·무침류, 김치류, 회류, 과일군, 떡류, 우유 및 유제품, 음료·차류로 나타났다. 비만 성인에서 연령에 따른 총 에너지 섭취 대비 식품군 섭취비율을 분석한 결과 남성은 연령에 따라 곡류, 고기·생선·달걀·콩류, 채소류, 기타에 유의한 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났으며, 여성은 곡류, 고기·생선·달걀·콩류, 채소, 우유 및 유제품류, 유지 및 당류에서 연령에 따라 유의한 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 비만 성인에서 연령에 따른 총 에너지 섭취대비 음식군 섭취비율을 분석한 결과 남성은 연령에 따라 빵·과자류, 면·만두류, 찌개류, 찜류, 구이류, 튀김류, 우유 및 유제품류, 음료·차류에 유의한 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났으며, 여성은 밥류, 빵·과자류, 면·만두류, 구이류, 볶음류, 튀김류, 김치류, 나물·무침류, 음료·차류, 떡류, 기타에서 연령에 따라 유의한 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 통해 비만 성인에서 연령별 식품군 및 음식군의 섭취 비율을 파악하였으며, 향후 비만 성인의 성별과 연령대를 고려한 식사 섭취 가이드라인의 기초자료로 활용이 기대되는 바이다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.509-512
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• 1992

국민의 식품섭취상황의 변화 추이를 파악하기 위하여 1969년부터 1989년까지 21년간의 국민영양조사보고서 내용을 토대로 살펴본 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 총식품 섭취량은 1,000g정도를 유지하고 있으며, 식물성 식품의 섭취량은 감소하는 반면 동물성 식품의 섭취량은 증가하는 경향이다. 식물성 식품 중 곡류의 섭취량 감소는 매우 현저하여 전체 식물성 식품의 섭취량 감소를 주도하였고, 감자류의 섭취량 역시 점차적으로 감소하고 있다. 채소류의 섭취량은 소폭의 증감을 계속하고 있으나 가공류의 섭취량은 증가하는 경향이다. 콩류는 매년 섭취량이 상당한 폭으로 증가하고 있으며 과실류도 꾸준히 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 해조류의 섭취량 또한 매년 증가하고 있으며, 특히 80년대 후반에 커다란 증가 양상을 보이고 있다. 한편, 동물성 식품에서 육류, 난류, 어패류는 해마다 섭취량이 증가하고 있어 단백질 섭취에 도움을 주고 있으며 유류와 동물성 유지도 섭취량이 증가하고 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.88-98
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• 1995

The Fluid and electrolytes balance in the body is of critical importance in maintaining good health. When the fluid and electrolyte imbalance is present, patients are in great danger. They must be assessed immediately by a nurse so that appropriate treatment can be started as soon as possible. Patients' fluid intake and output records contain highly important information for the diagnosis and treatment of fluid imbalance, but, these records are often inaccurate and the method of recording the fluid intake is not universal for every hospital. Be-cause they are few quantitative measurements of a patient's hydration, the need to improve the accuracy of fluid intake records is very important. However, very few studies have been done to investigate the accuracy of measurements of patients' fluid intake and output. The purpose of this study was to investigate the methods used for calculation of fluid intake which is most similar to fluid output in normal adults and hospitalized patients. This study focused on three different calculation methods for fluid intake and compared these to fluid output and developed suggestions as to the ideal way to record fluid in-take. Data for 43 hospitalized patients and 37 normal adults were analyzed. The findings of this study are as follows ; 1) In normal adults, the daily intake of water which enteres by the oral route was 2415m1 (the first method of calculation). The daily intake of water in the form of pure water or some other beverage was 1365m1 (the third method of calculation) The daily intake of water including fresh fruits and vegetables, rice, porridges, and Me m which have water content more than 80% were 2186m1 (the second method of calculation). 2) The urine output of the normal adults was 1350m1. This apprroximates the amount of fluid an adult takes in the form of pure water. 3) In patient group, the total intake of water was 2550m1 (the first method of calculation). The in-take of water in the form of pure water or as some other beverage and IV fluid was 1661m1 (the third method of calculation). The daily in-take of water including foods which have high water content was 2356m1 (the second method of calculation). 4) The urine output of the patient's group was 1728m1. This approximates the amount of fluid an adult takes in the form of pure water. 5) Investigation of the method of calculation of the patient fluid intake showed that among the 31 hospitals studied, only eight use the third method of calculation which reflects the most close value to urine output. From the results obtained in this study, it was indicated that the amount of fluid taken in the form of pure water reflects the most close value to urine output. Therefore, it can be suggested that the third method of calculation which includes water in-take only in the form of pure water or beverage should be used as patients' fluid intake record.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.841-848
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• 2013

Background: The incidence of various types of cancers including the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has increased during the recent years. Diet and lifestyle factors have been reported to play an important role in the etiology of NHL. However, no such data are available from the Middle Eastern countries, including Oman. Materials and Methods: Forty-three histologically confirmed cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) diagnosed at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) and the Royal Hospital (RH), Muscat, Oman and forty-three age and gender matched controls were the subjects of this study. Frequency matching was used to select the control population. Information on social and demographic data as well as the dietary intake was collected by personal interviews, using a 117-items semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Results: A non-significant increased risk of NHL was observed with higher body mass index (BMI) (OR=1.20, 95%CI: 0.45, 2.93), whereas a significantly decreased risk of NHL was associated with a higher educational level (OR=0.12, 95%CI: 0.03, 0.53). A significantly increased risk was observed for higher intake of energy (OR=2.67, 95%CI: 0.94, 7.57), protein (OR=1.49, 95%CI: 0.54, 4.10) and carbohydrates (OR=5.32, 95%CI: 1.78, 15.86). Higher consumption of daily servings from cereals (OR=3.25, 95%CI: 0.87, 12.09) and meat groups (OR=1.55, 95%CI: 0.58, 4.15) were also found to be associated with risk of NHL, whereas a significantly reduced risk was associated with higher consumption of vegetables (OR=0.24, 95%CI: 0.07, 0.82). The consumption of fruits, milk and dairy products however showed no significant association with the risk of developing NHL. Conclusion: The results suggest that obesity, high caloric intake, higher consumption of carbohydrate and protein are associated with increased risk of NHL, whereas a significantly reduced risk was observed with higher intake of vegetables.