• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.1 s.132
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• pp.45-54
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• 2003

We have conducted to characterize the physico-chemical change and pharmacological transformation of traditional herbal medicines by means of processing. Processed Gardeniae Fructus was prepared by heating of fruit of Gardenia jasminoides(GF) for $30{\sim}50\;minute$ in the roster designed for herb processing. The contents of drying loss, water extract, diluted ethanol extract, ether extract and geniposide in non-processed GF and processed GF were examined. The contents of drying loss, water extract and geniposide in processed GF showed a decrease as compared with those of non-processed GF, however the contents of dilute ethanol and ether extract showed a increase as compared with those of non-processed GF. The rate of decrease/increase of those index were in proportion to heating time. And, biological activities of methanol extract of non-processed GF and processed GF were investigated. DPPH scavenging effects and inhibitory effect of xanthine oxidate and hemolysis of processed GF exhibited more effective than those of non-processed GF in vitro. Accelerating effect of large intestinal transport and purgative action of non- processed GF were discriminated by processing of GF. Methanol extracts of non-pro- cessed GF and processed GF showed the protective effects against the hepatotoxicity induced by ${\alpha}-naphthylisothiocyanate$ in rats. These results suggested that the transformation of biological activities of GF by means of processing may be due to the physico-chemical change of the constituents in GF by heating.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.314-320
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• 1996

Antitumouric effect of loquat was investigated treating the extract from leaves, stems, fruits or seeds to normal and cancer cell lines to check by MTT method wheather the cancer cells are spec­ifially attacked. The results are summarized as follows. Water of MeOH extract from each organ were applied to human normal and cancer cell lines, SNU-1 and SNU-C4. The water extract from fruit flesh gave no dffect to normal cell lines by killed all the cancer cell lines. The water extract from fruit flesh was purified by Sephadex LH-20 and separated into 9 fractions which were than applied to 8 cancer cell lines. The eighth fraction out of the 9 fractions gave no effect to normal cells but exerted specific cytotoxicity to breast cancer, stomach and liver cancer cells. The eighth fraction was orally administed and injected to 10 mice each suffering from the abdominal cancer induced by myeloma cells, SP2/0-Ag14. In the groups received the treatment, only one mouse each died in 2 months but the rest survived until the end of the experimental period, which those in the control plot died in 10 to 13 days. The present results confirmed that loquat contained some substance that had specific cytotoxicity to human cancer cells.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2022

Sunbigi tree(Vitex rotundifolia L.f.), which grows wild in the southern part of Korea and along the coast of the West Sea, has a lot of useful value in terms of resource utilization. Since ancient times, it has been used as folk medicine or herbal medicine in the private sector. Although the leaves and stems have a strong scent, the fruit also has a strong scent, so there are some studies on extracting essential oil from the fruit of Sunbigi tree and analyzing the ingredients, but there are few studies on the fragrance component by extracting hydrosol. The reason is that the fruits are hard and it is difficult to identify the active ingredients contained in the general extraction method. Therefore, in this study, the results of analyzing the components contained in the fragrance of hydrosol obtained by extracting hard fruits at high temperature by different extraction methods are as follows. 1. The extraction condition with the highest flavonoid content was 30.57 mg/g with ethanol, followed by hot water extract at 18.26 mg/g and water extract at 9.69 mg/g with the lowest. 2. As a result of distillation extraction from the fruit of Sunbigi tree, the fragrance of hydrosol is 3-Methyl-2-butenoic acid, cyclobutyl ester, Eucalyptol, L-alpha-Terpineol, 1H-Cycloprop[e]azulen-7-ol, decahydro-1 ,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene-, [1ar-(1a.alpha.,4a.alpha.,7.beta.,7a.beta.,7b.alpha.)] were found to be many.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.6 s.89
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• pp.437-440
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• 2004

To determine the inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis, gardenia fruit was extracted initially with $95\%$ ethanol (w/v), The ethanol extract was fractionated subsequently with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate in that order. The inhibitory effect of the ethanol extract on tyrosinase activity was higher than water extract. When 10 mg/mL of ethyl acetate fraction was applied, the inhibition ratio of tyrosinase activity was much higher ($99.7{\pm}0.1\%$) than that of arbutin. The inhibition of melanogenesis using B16F10 melanoma cell, the ethanol extract also showed higher inhibitory effect than water extract. The highest inhibitory activity of melanogenesis was also shown in ethyl acetate fraction ($89.1{\pm}1.4\%$ at the cone. of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$). These results suggests that gardenia extracts might be used to be a potential agents for whitening.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.131-131
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• 1998

In the course of screening for new natural compounds having antioxidant activity from microbials, mushrooms as well as plants. We have isolated novel sesquiterpenoid and officinalic acid from methanolic extracts of Stereum ostrea. The dried fruit body( 450 g) of Stereum ostrea was extracted with methanol, then methanolic extract was partitioned between water and hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, subsequently. The chloroform extract was subjected on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and RP-18 column chromatography, successively. And two compounds were isolated and identified as new triterpenoids and officinalic acid using $^1$H - NMR, $\^$13/C - NMR as well as Mass spectra.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.442-448
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• 2009

Physiological activities in mulberry leaf and fruit were examined. Electron-donating ability (EDA), tyrosinase activity, SOD-like action (SOD), angiotensin I-converting enzyme-(ACE) inhibitory activity,and nitrite-scavenging ability of mulberry leaf and fruitextracted with water, with 50% (v/v) or with 100% ethanol, were measured. The EDA of mulberry leaf and fruit extracted with water or 50% (v/v) ethanol were greater (by 65.72-81.30%) than that with the 100% ethanol extract, whereas the activities of both former extracts were lower than those with 1.0% and 0.1% (both w/v) L-ascorbate solutions. The SOD-like activities of water, 50% (v/v) and 100% ethanol extracts of all samples were 24.13.26.80% lower than those of 1.0% and 0.1% (both w/v) L-ascorbate solutions. Nitrite-scavenging activity at pH 1.2 was observed in all extracts. The results further our understanding of the physiological activities of mulberry leaf and fruit extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.820-825
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• 2010

The functional food components from various Basidiomycota were investigated to improve human intestinal microflora, especially associated with obesity. EtOH extract from Gyrophora esculenta fruit body and Coriolus versicolor judae mycelia showed antimicrobial activities on Eubacterium limosum, Clostridium perfrigens, Clostridium paraputrificum, Clostridium difficile and Clostridium ramosum, and on Bacteroides fragilis, respectively. Although the 80% EtOH extract from G. esculenta fruit body and hot-water extract from C. versicolor judae mycelia did not reduce weight of the rats in the high fat diet, these extracts showed stability at high temperatures and at wide pH ranges. In the rat group of feeding 80% EtOH extract from G. esculanta fruit body, Bifidobacterium spp. were increased and Clostridium spp. and Eubacterium spp. were decreased compared to the high fat feeding group. Also sensory evaluation was carried out for the development of prototype drink product. These results demonstrated the possibilities of C. versicolor judae and G. esculenta as a functional food components to control intestinal microbial flora.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.363-368
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• 2013

The nutrients and antioxidative activities of fruits and leaves from Metasequoia glyptostroboides were investigated to provide basic data for the future development of functional foods. The nitrogen-free extract contents of fruit and leaves were 69.04% and 50.47%, respectively. Total phenolic content was higher in leaves (21.75 mg/GAE g) compared to the fruit (19.95 mg/GAE g). The mineral components of fruit and leaves mainly consisted of calcium (2,136.08 and 304.85 mg/100 g, respectively), potassium (1,355.53 and 1,144.04 mg/100 g, respectively), and phosphorous (426.30 and 350.50 mg/100 g, respectively). In terms of amino acid composition, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, proline, and leucine were relatively high, but methionine and cystine were low. The hot water extract from leaves was a more potent free radical-scavenger and had higher reducing activities than extracts from fruit. Thus, phenolics of M. glyptostroboides leaves can be utilized as an effective functional food substance for its natural antioxidant properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1679-1684
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• 2009

Opuntia humifusa, widely distributed in the southern regions of the Korean peninsula, is known to have bioactive functions and medicinal benefits for treating various diseases such as arteriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, gastritis, and hyperglycemia. In this study total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of fruit and its anticarcinogenic effects on human breast cancer were investigated. As expected, O. humifusa showed high concentrations of total polyphenol as well as flavonoid as compared to other kinds of cactus. Effects of the water extracts of O. humifusa on the proliferation, G1 arrest and apoptosis of the MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were also examined using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays, and G1 cycle arrest and apoptotic effect of O. humifusa were analyzed by flow cytometry. When MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations of hexane, ethyl acetate and water extracts of O. humifusa, water extracts of the fruit significantly decreased viable cell numbers in a concentration dependent manner. A G1 arrest in MCF-7 cells was induced as well. The overall results indicate that water extracts of fruit of O. humifusa would inhibit MCF-7 human breast cancer cell proliferation and induce G1 arrest.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.1395-1400
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• 2008

This study was aimed to analyze the nutritional components and anticancer properties of Haesongi mushroom (Hypsizigus marmoreus), which has been recently available in Korea, to estimate its nutritional and functional values. Fruit body of Haesongi mushroom was investigated for its proximate components and mineral contents. Its water and ethanol extracts were compared for nutritional components such as $\beta$-glucan, protein, and total sugar. Anticancer effects of both extracts were measured against human cancer cell lines in vitro. This mushroom contained high protein (22.63%), total dietary fiber (30.80%), and K (3383.3 mg/100 g). The water extract contained more nutritional components such as $\beta$-glucan (9.32 mg/g), protein (17.71%), and total sugar (39.93%), compared with the ethanol extract. Moreover the extraction yield of the water extract was higher than the ethanol extract. The growth inhibitory effects of the water extract (5 mg/mL) on AGS, HepG2, and SW480 human cancer cells were 90.61, 75.43, and 58.49%, respectively. However, the ethanol extract showed 81.79, 49.90, and 25.71% growth inhibition, respectively. In this study, it is demonstrated that water is a more efficient solvent than ethanol for extracting nutritional and functional components from Haesongi mushroom.