• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2011

We bred a new strain of Pleurotus eryngii. It's name is 'Gongi No.3' and it was bred by mating monokaryotic strain isolated from E08-5D2 and dikaryotic strain GMPE25016 from 2006 to 2010 in Mushroom Research Station, Gyonggi province A.R.E.S. The characteristics of a new strain 'Gongi No.3' is as follows ; The optimum temperature for mycelium growth was from 26 to 29 degrees celsius on PDA medium and those for the premodium formation and the growth of fruit body were from 14 to 18 degrees celsius. The period of spawn running was around 30days at 22 degrees celsius and the period taken from scratching old spawn to make premodium were 8 days. The color degree of cap surface was measured by color difference meter and that of a new strain 'Gongi No.3' was 54.4 by L-value. it was seem to be dark, compared with 'Keunneutari No.2'. The hardness of fruit body of a new strain was higher than 'Keunneutari No.2'. The yield was about 180g per bottle(1100cc). it was 10g more than 'Keunneutari No.2'.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.24-37
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• 2008

Yeast with excellent ferment ability was isolated and selected from wild grape to manufacture wild grape wine. Wild grape wine by SMR-3 isolated from wild grape was better than other strains in quality, such as high alcohol content and low acidity, residual sugar, organic acid and fusel oil content. Fermentation condition was optimized to manufacture wild grape wine with response surface methodology using isolated SMR-3 as an alcohol fermentation strain. As a result of culture conditions, 10.61% of alcohol content was expected under the conditions of $21.91^{\circ}C$ fermenting temperature, $21.48^{\circ}brix$ of initial sugar content, and 14.65 day of fermentation time. Residual sugar content showed the lowest value at $24.48^{\circ}C$ fermentation temperature, $12.78^{\circ}brix$ of initial sugar content, and 9.02 day fermentation time. The highest level of sensory evaluation was found at $20.23^{\circ}C$ fermentation temperature, $25.30^{\circ}brix$ of initial sugar content, and 5.94 day fermentation time. Ethyl alcohol was the main alcohol component in wild grape wine and fusel oil in wild grape wine was hardly detected; thus, the quality of wild grape wine was considered excellent. The optimal fermentation conditions of wild grape wine was superimposed by deriving a regression equation for alcohol content, fusel oil, ethyl alcohol content, and overall palatability for each variable of wild grape wine. Hence, the optimal fermentation conditions are estimated to be: fermentation temperature $24{\sim}28^{\circ}C$, initial sugar content $20{\sim}24^{\circ}brix$, and fermenting time $12{\sim}14$ days.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.181-186
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the weight loss, firmness, external color and vitamin C (VC) content of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) using non-destructive method to measure identical tomato samples during 15 days storage at low temperature and high humidity. Tomatoes were harvested at the light red stage, sorted, box packed and then stored in thermo-hygrostat ($10{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $90{\pm}10%RH$). The quality changes in weight loss, firmness and external color were measured every 3 day interval. Weight loss was increased by $1.13{\pm}0.15%$, but it may not be considered to affect quality. Surface color of fruit was changed, especially in lightness and hue angle value. The color values were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the results were significant (p<0.001). Firmness of fruit declined during storage, but it did not decrease in direct proportion. On the storage of day 15, firmness was decreased to 40% of initial state. At last, all the experiment data are summarized and the relationship between firmness and weight loss is analyzed to construct a linear regression mathematical model that can predict the weight loss with the firmness value measured by non-destructive method. This research result could be useful in helping tomato exporters and suppliers to get real-time quality factor by using proposed method and regression model.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.216-219
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• 2007

Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea occurred on Prunus mume Sieb. & Zucc. in an experimetal orchard of Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in Korea from 2005 to 2007. The symptoms usually started with water-soaking lesions and hollow depression on the fruit surface. The conidia of the pathogen appeared on the surface fruits. The conidia were one celled and mostly ellipsoid or ovoid in shape and were colorless or pale brown in color. The conidia were $6{\sim}17{\times}4{\sim}10{\mu}m$ in size and conidiophores were $15{\sim}30{\mu}m$ in length. The sclerotial formed abundantly on potato-dextrose agar, They were flat or irregular in shape and black in color The optimum temperature for sclerotial formation was $20^{\circ}C$. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity test on host plants, the fungus was identified as Botrytis cinerea Persoon: Fries. This is the first report on gray mold of P. mume caused by B. cinerea by in Korea.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.331-333
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• 2018

The incorporation of Shiitake culture into sawdust is a widely utilized technique that can assist in reducing the cost and time consumption associated with oak cultivation. In sawdust cultivation, browning of the surface mycelia is an important stage with respect to the utility and longevity of the sawdust media. Surface browning forms a protective coating on the substrate, which can inhibit the invasion of pathogens and suppress water evaporation. Several different light sources (red LED, white LED, blue LED, and fluorescent light) were used and the intensity of illumination was carefully controlled (1.5, 10.5, $20.5{\mu}mol/m^2s$ for LEDs and 10, 100, 300 lux for the fluorescent light) to induce browning. The light sources were regulated via a 1 h on/off cycle in a controlled room environment at a temperature of $20^{\circ}C$, 60% humidity, and 1200 ppm $CO_2$ concentration for 60days. The browning effect varied depending on the source and the intensity of illumination. This effect was most effectively induced at $1.5{\mu}mol/m^2s$ for the red and blue LEDs. All light sources induced less browning at the highest intensity of illumination. This indicates that intensity values higher than $20.5{\mu}mol/m^2s$ in the case of the LEDs and 300 lux for the fluorescent light are not effective. After harvesting of the fruit bodies, we measured the weight, length, and width of the pileus and stipe in addition to their chromaticity and hardness. Treatment with $1.5{\mu}mol/m^2s$ blue LED produced the best harvest with the highest average chromaticity, weight (21.2 g), stipe length (30.8 mm), and hardness (377.9 g), with a fine length and width of the pileus.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 1994.06a
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• pp.27-49
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• 1994

Root colonization of biocontrol agents via seed treatment was investigated and a compatible combination, Gliocladium virens G872B and Pseudomonas putida Pf3, in colonizing cucumber rhizosphere was confirmed through the study. Much higher number of fungal and bacterial propagules were detected when two isolates were inoculated together. The presence of Pf3 in root system was greatly helpful to G872B to colonize at root tip. The mechanism of this phenomenon is partially elucidated through the results of in vitro experiments and the observations of scanning electron and fluorescence microscope. Addition of Pf3 cells resulted earlier germination of G872B conidia and increased mycelial growth. And the more number of germinated conidia on seed coat, the more vigorous hypal streching and sporulation on the root surface were observed in coinoculated treatment. The propagules of G872B on the cucumber root when they were challenged against the pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum, were even higher than that of G872B treated alone, and the magnitude of such a difference was getting grater toward the root ip and the population of F. oxysporum on the root was reduced by seed inoculation of G872B. The rhizosphere competence was obviously reflected to disease suppression and plant growth promotion that induced by the given isolate. Green house experiments revealed that the combined treatment provided long-term disease suppression with greater rate and the larger amount of fruit yield than single treatments. Through this study the low temperature growing Pseudomonas fluorescens M45 and MC07 were evaluated to apply them to the winter crops in field or plastic film house. In vitro tests reveal that M45 and MC07 inhibited the mycelial growth of Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctona solani and Phytophthora capsici and enhanced growth of cucumber cotyledon in MS agar. This effect was more pronounced when the bacteria were incubated at 14$^{\circ}C$ than at 27$^{\circ}C$. And disease suppression and plant growth promotion in green house were also superior at low temperature condition. Seed treatment of M45 or soil treatment of MC07 brought successful control of damping-off and enhanced seedling growth of cucumber. The combined treatment of two isolates was more effective than any single treatment.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.772-777
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• 2016

Activity of the noncontacted low temperature atmospheric pressure surface discharged plasma (LASDP) converts stable gas to ionized gas known as discharge or plasma. This ionized gas exhibits the antimicrobial activity. We examined the effects of 3 different storage treatments for 80 days on 'Setoka' : ambient storage (AS), low-tempperature storage (LTS), and low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma+low-tempperature storage (PLTS). Total soluble solids showed no the significant differences between the 3 treatments. Acidity gradually decreased, and was 0.5% under AS after 30 days of storage. Fruit firmness increased by a few percent until 40 days of storage. Weight loss in AS was higher than for other treatments. After 80 days of storage, the decay ratio was significantly low in PLTS treatment: (AS, 50.5%; LTS, 5.6%; PLTS, 1.9%). In AS treatment, 73% of the rotten fruits were infected particularly with green and blue mold; however, only 1% of the rotten fruits were infected in case of PLTS treatment. In conclusion, LASDP treatment can prevent postharvest decay caused by fungi and is an efficacious alternative extending the shelf-life of citrus fruits.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.121-131
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• 2008

This study was conducted to delineate temporal and spatial patterns of potential risk of cold injury by combining the short-term cold hardiness of Campbell Early grapevine and the IPCC projected climate winter season minimum temperature at a landscape scale. Gridded data sets of daily maximum and minimum temperature with a 270m cell spacing ("High Definition Digital Temperature Map", HD-DTM) were prepared for the current climatological normal year (1971-2000) based on observations at the 56 Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) stations using a geospatial interpolation scheme for correcting land surface effects (e.g., land use, topography, and elevation). The same procedure was applied to the official temperature projection dataset covering South Korea (under the auspices of the IPCC-SRES A2 and A1B scenarios) for 2071-2100. The dormancy depth model was run with the gridded datasets to estimate the geographical pattern of any changes in the short-term cold hardiness of Campbell Early across South Korea for the current and future normal years (1971-2000 and 2071-2100). We combined this result with the projected mean annual minimum temperature for each period to obtain the potential risk of cold injury. Results showed that both the land areas with the normal cold-hardiness (-150 and below for dormancy depth) and those with the sub-threshold temperature for freezing damage ($-15^{\circ}C$ and below) will decrease in 2071-2100, reducing the freezing risk. Although more land area will encounter less risk in the future, the land area with higher risk (>70%) will expand from 14% at the current normal year to 23 (A1B) ${\sim}5%$ (A2) in the future. Our method can be applied to other deciduous fruit trees for delineating geographical shift of cold-hardiness zone under the projected climate change in the future, thereby providing valuable information for adaptation strategy in fruit industry.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2012

This study was conducted to extend the postharvest life of eggplant ($Solanum$ $melongena$ L.) by modified atmosphere packaging using a OPP bag with 1-MCP to evaluate the alleviation effects of that treatment on external chilling injury during at low temperature. 1-MCP treatment at the level of $1.0{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ were very effective in delaying the progress of surface bronzing of eggplant during 10 days of storage at $8^{\circ}C$, but not significant at $1^{\circ}C$. Also, the treatment of 1-MCP at the levels of $0.1{\sim}1.0{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ are beneficial to complement low temperature storage and maintain quality indices such as higher firmness and lower weight loss than untreated control even at a critical low temperature 4 to $8^{\circ}C$. The treatment of carbon dioxide using dry ice (DI, 5 g/3 fruits) significantly promoted chilling injury of eggplant stored at $4^{\circ}C$, symptoms were appeared from 3 days after treatment and combination treatment of 1-MCP did not block the development of chilling injury symptom. Meanwhile, single treatment of $CO_2$ absorber (CA, 5 g/3 fruits) or combination treatment with 1-MCP at the level of $1.0{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ prevented effectively the external and internal chilling injury at $4^{\circ}C$ during 6 days and 15 days of MAP storage, respectively. Results suggest that 1-MCP and carbon dioxide absorber treatments delay fruit deterioration and are beneficial to broaden storage temperature of eggplant fruits.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.403-408
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: Kiwifruit is a warm-temperate, deciduous fruit tree. It is sensitive to frost or freeze damage during winter. Therefore, the farmers cover kiwifruit trunk with rice straw to preclude freeze injury. This study was conducted to evaluate trunk wraps for protection of freeze injury of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) vines. METHODS AND RESULTS: The experimental orchard was located in Sacheon (lat. $34^{\circ}56'N$, long. $128^{\circ}03'E$) of Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea. The vines were 5-6-year-old 'Hayward'. Two wrap materials, rice straw and silver-cushioned mat (reflective foil-coated, plastic-foamed mat, Ganan Industry, Rep. of Korea) were evaluated for their heat-retaining ability. The trunks of kiwifruit vines were wrapped in late December, and the wraps were removed in mid-April the following year (2012/13 and 2013/14). Temperature inner wraps were recorded from January to March in 2013 and 2014 by WatchDog 2450 (Spectrum Technologies, Inc., USA). In 2013, the lowest ambient temperature of January and February was $-10.2^{\circ}C$, $-10.9^{\circ}C$, respectively. The lowest temperature of inner-wrap of silver -cushioned mat was $-6.3^{\circ}C$, $-2.6^{\circ}C$ in January and February, respectively. However, rice straw showed $-9.8^{\circ}C$ and $-9.9^{\circ}C$ in its lowest value of January and February. And also silver cushioned mat appeared to be superior to rice straw in its ability of heat-retaining during night time.