• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2016

Objective: To study the clinical outcomes of single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles according to the hatching status of frozen-thawed blastocysts. Methods: Frozen-thawed blastocysts were divided into three groups according to their hatching status as follows: less-than-expanded blastocyst (${\leq}EdB$), hatching blastocyst (HgB), and hatched blastocyst (HdB). The female age and infertility factors of each group were evaluated. The quality of the single frozen-thawed blastocyst was also graded as grade A, tightly packed inner cell mass (ICM) and many cells organized in the trophectoderm epithelium (TE); grade B, several and loose ICM and TE; and grade C, very few ICM and a few cells in the TE. The clinical pregnancy and implantation rate were compared between each group. The data were analyzed by either t-test or chi-square analysis. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in average female ages, infertility factors, or the distribution of blastocyst grades A, B, and C in each group. There was no significant difference in the clinical pregnancy and implantation rate of each group according to their blastocyst grade. However, there was a significant difference in the clinical pregnancy and implantation rate between each group. In the HdB group, the clinical pregnancy and implantation rate were similar regardless of the blastocyst quality. Conclusion: There was an effect on the clinical outcomes depending on whether the blastocyst hatched during single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer. When performing single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer, the hatching status of the frozen-thawed blastocyst may be a more important parameter for clinical outcomes than the quality of the frozen-thawed blastocyst.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2000

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the important factors affecting survival and pregnancy rate in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. Methods: we performed retrospective analysis in 738 cycles of frozen-thawed embryo transfers, in relation to the insemination methods, the freezing stage of embryo, patient's age, infertility factors and the origin of injected sperm in ICSI cycles. After conventional IVF or ICSI, the supernumerary PN stage zygotes or multicellular embryos were cryopreserved by slow freezing protocol with 1,2-propanediol (PROH) as a cryoprotectant. Results: The survival rates of thawed embryos were 69.3% (1585/2287) in conventional IVF group and 71.7% (1645/2295) in ICSI group. After frozen-thawed embryo transfers, 27.0% (92/341) and 32.0% (109/341) of pregnancy rates were achieved in conventional IVF and ICSI group, respectively. There were no significant difference in the survival and pregnancy rates according to the insemination methods, the freezing stage and patient's age. However, the pregnancy rate (36.2%) of male factor infertility was significantly higher than the tubal (27.2%) and other female factor infertility (22.9%). In ICSI group, the origin of injected sperm did not affect the outcome of frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that acceptable clinical outcomes can be achieved after the transfer of frozen-thawed embryos regardless of the stage of embryos for freezing, the patient's age and the origin of injected sperm.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.147-157
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in vitro fertilization, culture and embryo development according to in vitro maturation rate, protectant composition and equilibrium time after frozen /thawing of bovine immature oocytes. This results obtained in studies on the effect of different cryoprotectants on the viability, maturation and development of in vitro bovine oocytes were as follow: 1.The post-thawing of immature oocytes matured to metaphase II during culture time for 0 to 26 h, and those group (62~3%) were low than control group (76.7%). The optimal maturation time of frozen-thawed immature oocytes was at 24 h. 2.The viability of cryopreserved immature oocytes was not affected by sort of cryoprotectants. The developmental competence of frozen4hawed oocytes was not affected by cryoprotectants. These results indicate that an optimal maturation time of frozen /thawed immature oocytes was at 24h. Furthermore the viability of cryopreserved immature oocytes was not affected by sort of cryoprotectants and developmental competence of frozen /thawed oocytes.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2023

Objective: This study compared the outcomes of single blastocyst transfer cycles, using day- 5 poor-quality blastocysts and day-6 high-quality blastocysts. Methods: We analyzed 462 frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles performed at our center from January 2014 to December 2019. The cycles were divided into two groups: a day-5 poor-quality blastocyst transfer group (group A) and a day-6 high-quality blastocyst transfer group (group B). The clinical outcomes were tested. Results: In groups A and B, respectively, the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR; 61.65% vs. 67.17%, p=0.258), implantation rate (IR; 61.65% vs. 67.17%, p=0.258), and live birth rate (LBR; 69.51% vs. 77.83%, p=0.134) showed no significant differences. Moreover, when day-3 embryo quality was considered, the CPR, IR, and LBR were also similar in group A and group B (p>0.05). Conclusion: The clinical outcomes of day-5 poor-quality blastocysts and day-6 high-quality blastocysts were similar, suggesting that the developmental speed of the embryo might be more important than embryo quality for the clinical outcomes of single blastocyst transfer in FET cycles.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.163-169
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of co-culture system(bovine oviduct epithelial cells; BOEC) and defined culture system(modified TALP ; mTALP) on the development of IVM-IVF embryos, and survival of in vitro produced blastocysts after freezing and thawing. Occytes from the slaugheterhous ovaries were matured and fertilized using general protocol. The results obtained were as the following: 1. Survival rates of frozen-thawed blastocysts using 10% glycerol as cryoprotectant was higher in day 7 blastocysts than in Day 8 and 9 blastocysts from co-cultrue system, but survival rate of frozen-thawed blastocysts was higher in Day 10 blastocysts than in day 8 and 9 blastocysts from defined culture system. Regardless of their age, survival rate of frozen-thawed blastocysts was significantly higher (p<0.05) in co-culture system than in defined culture system. 2. The cell number of blastocysts was significanlty higher (p<0.05) in Day 7 blasotcysts than in Day 8 and 9 blastocysts from co-cultures, but the cell number of blsstocysts was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Day 10 blastocysts than in Day 8 and 9 blastocysts from defined culture system. Regardless of the culture system, blastocysts with higher cell number showed higher survival rates after freezing and thawing.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2011

Research in the area of equine artificial insemination (AI) has led to its increased application in field trials. However, procedures for equine semen collection, cooling and freezing of semen and artificial insemination need further improvement. In experiment 1, we investigated the percentage of total motility (TM) and progressive motility (PM) of sperms at after-collection, cooled-diluted, cooled-transported or frozen-thawed semen. In experiment 2, mares were inseminated with either cooled-diluted, cooled-transported or frozen-thawed semen. In experiment 3, we examined the effect of buffer (skim-milk extender), which was infused into the uterus at the time of AI with frozen-thawed semen. In experiment 4, we compared AI pregnancy rates for mares ovulating spontaneously versus after treatment with hCG. In experiment 1, the average percentage of TM was decreased from 75.3% to 14.4% at the stage of after-collection to frozen-thawed semen (p<0.05). The average percentage of PM was 58.2% and 59.6% at after-collection and cooled-diluted, but it was significantly increased 71.7% after frozen-thawed (p<0.05). In experiment 2, the pregnancy rates after AI using cooled-diluted, cooled-transported and frozen-thawed semen were 60%, 50% and 37.5%, respectively, and similar among treatments. In experiment 3, the pregnancy rate of mares infused with buffer at AI was 40% which was higher than that with no buffer (10%). In experiment 4, the pregnancy rates of mares were similar between ovulated spontaneously (25%) and ovulated with hCG (50%). The results suggest that equine semen that has been cooled-diluted, cooled-transported or frozen can be successfully used to establish AI, pregnancy and foal production. Also, the pregnancy rates after AI can be increased by infusing buffer into the uterus at AI or by inducing ovulation with hCG, but further study is need.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2006년도 The 6th Intermational Symposium on Developmental Biotechnology
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• pp.113-113
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• 2006

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of co-culture system(bovine oviduct epithelial cells; BOEC) and defined culture system (modified TALP ; mTALP) on the conception of embryos transferred, and pregnancy and twin birth rates after transfer of fresh or frozen-thawed bovine blastocysts produced in vitro were also evaluated. Oocytes from the slaughterhouse ovaries were matured and fertilized using general protocol. The results obtained were as the following. The pregnancy rate after transfer was higher in co-culture group than in mTALP group, but was not signficantly different, and there is no difference between fresh embryo group and frozen-thawed embryo group in conception rate. The conception rate was not different whether 3∼4 blastocysts or 2 blatocysts transferred into a recipient, but the production rate of twin calves was significantly higher (p<0.05) when 3∼4 embryos transferred. The average birth weight of twin calves(24.38kg) was numerically, but not significantly lighter than that of single calves(26.68kg).

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2024

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the impact of previous delivery mode on pregnancy outcomes in patients with secondary infertility after frozen-thawed embryo transfer. Methods: This prospective observational study included 140 patients experiencing secondary infertility. Of these, 70 patients had a previous cesarean delivery (CD), while the remaining 70 patients had a previous normal vaginal delivery (NVD). The primary outcome was the implantation rate. The secondary outcomes included rates of clinical pregnancy, chemical pregnancy, miscarriage, and ectopic pregnancy. Results: The comparison of all fertility outcomes between the two groups revealed no statistically significant differences. The implantation rate was 40.4% in the CD group and 41.7% in the NVD group (p=0.842). The clinical pregnancy rate was 50% in the CD group and 49.3% in the NVD group (p=0.932), while the chemical pregnancy rate was 14.6% in the CD group and 19% in the NVD group (p=0.591). The miscarriage rates in the CD and NVD groups were 20% and 17.6%, respectively (p=0.803). One case of tubal ectopic pregnancy occurred in the NVD group (1.4%). Conclusion: The mode of prior delivery did not significantly impact pregnancy outcomes following frozen-thawed embryo transfer.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2020

Background: This study was conducted to analyze clinical factors that can affect pregnancy rates in normal responders undergoing the freeze-all policy in in vitro fertilization. Methods: We evaluated 153 embryo transfer cycles in 89 infertile women with normal response to controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). After COS, all embryos were cultured to the blastocyst stage, and good quality blastocysts were vitrified for elective frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET). Clinical variables associated with COS and the results of COS and culture, including the number of retrieved oocytes, fertilized oocytes, and frozen blastocysts were compared between the pregnant group and the non-pregnant group. Results: After a single cycle of COS for each patient, 52 patients became pregnant while 37 did not. Significant differences were observed in the number of matured oocytes, fertilized oocytes, frozen blastocysts, and transferred embryos. The number of frozen blastocysts in the pregnant group was almost twice that in the non-pregnant group (5.6±3.1 vs. 2.8±1.9, p<0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the 4 frozen blastocysts was 0.801 in the pregnant group. Conclusion: In the freeze-all policy, the number of matured oocytes, number of fertilized oocytes, and number of frozen blastocysts might be predictive factors for pregnancy.