• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1994.03b
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• pp.13-46
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• 1994

Artificial ground freezing methods have been applied to geotechnical construction projects for stabilizing earth materials and controlling water seepage into the ground. However, this can result in frost heaving and causes the same engineering problems as encountered with the natural freezing of soil. In natural freezing, the ground freezes from the surface downward. When artificial ground freezing is applied at a deep location, however, freezing is limited locally. The soil condition differs between them as follows: Natural freezing - unsaturated and without overburden pressure. Artificial freezing -- saturated and under overburden pressure. The authors investigated the practical application of artificial ground freezing and examined the frost behaviour of a saturated soil under overburden pressure. This paper presents the results obtained from experiments concerning frost heaving and discusses frost heaving at the freezing site.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.5 no.2 s.16
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• pp.37-47
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• 2003

The basic study was performed on the mechanical analysis of frost and heave using program FROST by CRREL, U.S. army corps of engineers. The characteristics of frost heaving in pavement was analyzed by considering climate, pavement sections and subgrade soil conditions in Korea. Water tables were located at the depth of 0.35m, 2m and 3.35m from subgrade. Inputs were evaluated inevitably from the existing references. As a result frost heave and depth were evaluated with respect time. Maximum frost heave decreased lowering the water table and maximum frost depth was less than 15cm from subgrade. Frost action did not affect seriously on the analysis sections.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.264-270
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• 2002

The frost heaving pressure can be a problem for weakening of the railroadbed material. In this study, upon freezing a saturated soil in a closed-system from the top, a considerable pressure was developed. This pressure is induced as a result of a curved ice-water interface. This study was initiated to investigate the soils frost heaving expansion pressure and physical characteristics resulting from freezing and freezing-thawing cycle process. Weathered granite soils, sandy soil were used in the laboratory freezing test subjected to thermal gradients under closed-systems.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.23-31
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• 2016

Nowadays abnormal coldness happens frequently in Korea and frost heaving causes unexpected ground deformation which results in severe problems for structures such as roadway, railroad and cutoff slope. 'Frost heave' as one of the primary phenomenon is considered to be an important factor together with 'adfreeze bond-strength' and 'creep deformation' for structural design process in permafrost area. Therefore, the fundamental study for frost heave has to be preceded for design of geo-structures in cold region. While various experimental apparatuses have been developed, there still exist a certain level of limitation to evaluate the frost-heave characteristics as design parameters. There are no standard testing method and criteria for analyzing frost heaving in Korea because temperature controlled testing apparatuses including a freezing chamber are expensive. In this paper, a new standard freezing and thawing testing apparatus is introduced, which simulates various freezing and thawing conditions in a soil specimen by using a temperature controlled triaxial cell. Frost heaving tests were performed to assess the new testing apparatus and experimental procedure to evaluate frost heaving for soils is proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.153-159
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• 2014

During the winter and spring seasons in Korea, structures such as buried water supply pipelines, roads, railways are frequently damaged due to frost heaving and thawing. Until now, the method of substituting the frost susceptible soil with the gravel or rubbles those are non-frost susceptible materials have been employed in Korea to prevent frost heaving. A series of laboratory soil tests and indoor frozen soil engineering experiments, as well as laboratory frost heaving tests were conducted for seeking the means of utilizing recycled PET bottles as substitute material.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.43-51
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• 2007

Frost action may cause extensive damage to building, structures, roads, railways and utility lines in seasonal frost. The research about frost heave of natural ground has been considerably performed. In late years various structures have become complicated with the development of social infrastructure maintenance. Therefore countermeasure to frost heave becomes a matter of great importance from a new viewpoint. This study was aimed at catching natural ground frost heaving force quantitatively. Frost heaving forces on circular steel plates which were set on ground surface were measured in field test. The frost heaving forces arise at freezing front propagates to the structures through frozen soil layer. Besides, a full scale model of multi-anchored retaining wall was installed in field, and the freezing lines, frost heave pressure to act on a wall block, and so on were measured. Finally, the position and shape of frost line were estimated by using numerical simulation and a method to determine replacement range was suggested with soil properties and weather data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.1487-1493
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• 2008

The frost heaving is related with thermal conduction rate and permeability. If the thermal conduction rate can be controlled, it is effective to prevent from frost heaving. If soil mixed with shredded tire which has relatively lower thermal conduction rate than soil, it helps preventing from frost heaving. However, in this case, the shear strength can get weak. In this study, we compared thermal conduction rate of soil and shredded tire, and test uniaxial compression strength of soil which is mixed with shredded tire and cement in different ratio.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.1164-1171
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• 2010

Korea is considered to be a seasonal frozen soil area that is thawed in the spring, and most of the area is frozen in winter as to the characteristic of geography. In the current design codes for anti-freezing layer, the thickness of anti freezing layer is calculated by freezing depth against the temperature condition. Therefore, they have a tendency of over-design and uniform thickness without the considerations of thermal stability, bearing capacity and frost susceptibility of materials. So, it is essential for studying the appropriateness and bearing capacity besides the seasonal and mechanical properties of pavement materials to take a appropriate and reasonable design of the road structure. In this research, the evaluation of frost susceptibility on subgrade, ant-freezing layer, sub base was conducted by means of the mechanical property test and laboratory field road model downed scale experiment. The temperature, heaving amount, heaving pressure and unfrozen water contents of soil samples, the subgrade, anti-freezing layer, sub base soils of highway construction site, were measured to determine the frost susceptibility.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.71-79
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• 2010

The influence of fines of the frost susceptibility of subgrade soils were established by laboratory freezing system test simulating closely the thermal conditions in the field. During the winter season, the climate is heavily influenced by the cold and dry continental high pressure. Because of siberian air mass, the temperature of January is $-6{\sim}-7^{\circ}C$ on average. This chilly weather generate the frost heaving by freezing the moisture of soil and damage potential of the road structure. In the freezing soil, the ice lenses increase the freeze portion of soil by absorbing the ground water with capillary action. However, the capillary characteristics differ from the sort of soil on the state of freezing condition. In the current design codes for anti-freezing layer, the thickness of anti freezing layer is calculated by freezing depth against the temperature condition. Therefore, they have a tendency of over-design and uniform thickness without the considerations of thermal stability, bearing capacity and frost susceptibility of materials. So, it is essential for studying the appropriateness and bearing capacity besides the seasonal and mechanical properties of pavement materials to take a appropriate and reasonable design of the road structure. In this Paper, the evaluation of frost susceptibility was conducted by means of the mechanical property test and laboratory freezing system apparatus. The temperature, heaving amount, heaving pressure and unfrozen water contents of soil samples, the subgrade soils of highway construction site, were measured to determine the frost susceptibility.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.65-74
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• 2003

Most of land reclamation projects are being implemented along the south and west coastal lines of the Korean Peninsula. The earth structures and in-ground LNG tank, and buildings can be constructed using artificial freezing method on the reclaimed land to control the uplift pressure caused by capillary forces. In this study, upon freezing a saturated soil in a closed-system from the top, a considerable frost heaving pressure was developed. Decomposed granite soils, silty soil, and sandy soil were used in the laboratory freeze test which is sometimes subjected to thermal gradients under closed-systems. A major concern has been the ability to predict the frost heaving pressure over the results of relatively short-term laboratory tests. The frost heaving pressure arising within the soil samples and the temperature of the samples inside were monitored with time elapse. The degree of saturation versus heaving pressure curve is presented for each soil sample and the maximum pressure is closely related to this curve. TDR apparatus was used to measure the volumetric water content by the measurement of unfrozen water contents of frozen soils. Unfrozen water increased in soils containing a high percentage of fine-grained particles. In fine-grained soils with strong attractive farces between soil grains and water molecules, additional water is attracted into the pores leading to further volume changes and ice segregation.