• 제목/요약/키워드: frontier function

검색결과 91건 처리시간 0.021초

A survey on cooperative fault-tolerant control for multiagent systems

  • Pu Zhang;Di Zhao;Xiangjie Kong;Jialong, Zhang;Lei Li
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제18권6호
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    • pp.1431-1448
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    • 2024
  • Complexity science is a new stage in the development of systems science that is the frontier areas of contemporary scientific development. Complexity science takes complex systems as the research object, which has attracted widespread attention from researchers in the fields of economy, control, management, and society. In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology and people's deepening understanding for the theory of complex systems, the systems are no longer an object with a single function, but the systems are composed of multiple individuals with autonomous capabilities through cooperative and cooperation, namely multi-agent system (MAS). Currently, MAS is one of the main models for studying such complex systems. The intelligent control is to break the traditional multi-agent fault-tolerant control (FTC) concept and produce a new type of compensation mechanism. In this paper, the applications of fault-tolerant control methods for MASs are presented, and a discussion is given about development and challenges in this field.

"레이 동조 확률 생산함수"에 의한 경영규모별 미곡생산의 효율성 분석 (Farm Size and Production Efficiency of Korean Rice Farms: An Application of a Rsy-Homothetic Stochsstic Production Function)

  • 강봉순;노재선
    • 농촌계획
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.99-110
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    • 1995
  • 이 연구는 한국 쌀생산의 효율성을 경영규모별로 파악하고, 영농규모 확대를 통한 쌀생산의 효율성 중대 가 가능하다는 가설을 검정해 보고자 하였다. 이 분석에 필요한 기술적 선도농가들의 생산함수인 프런티어(frontier) 생산함수를 구하기 위해서는 교 란항의 정보를 이용할 수 있는 확률(stochastic) 모형아 바람직하고, 아울러 경영규모별로 규모의 효율성을 파악하기 위해서는 레이 동조(ray-homothetic) 함수가 적절하다. 따라서 여기에서는 농림수산부의 1992년도 쌀생산비 자료에서 임의로 추출한 1,203호의 표본 자료를 이용해 앞에서 언급한 두가지 요소를 동시에 감안 할 수 있는 $\ulcorner$레이 동조 확률 생산함수(ray-homothetic stochastic production function)$\lrcorner$를 최우추정법 (Maximum likelilood estimation method)으로 추정하였으며, 이를 토대로 쌀생산의 경영규모별 비효율성 을 순수 기술적 비효율성과 규모의 비효율성으로 나누어 계측하였다. 게측결과에 의하면 쌀생산의 비효율성은 굉균 35.loyo에 이르고 있다. 이 가운데 순수 기술적 비효율성은 12.0%이고, 규모의 비효율성은 24.l%에 달했다. 기술적 비효율성과 규모의 비효율성 모두 경지규모 확대와 더불어 감소하는 것으로 나타나, 경영규모 확대와 더불어 미곡생산의 효율성이 증대될 수 있다는 가설은 기 각되지 않았다. 그러나 대농의 경우에도 규모의 비효율성이 여전히 높은 것으로 나타나 영농규모 확대를 저 해하는 제도적 장벽이 아직도 높다는 것을 알 수 있다. 아울러 대농과 소농과의 효율성 격차가 현저하지는 않은 것으로 나타나 단순히 경지를 중심으로 한 경영규모 확대만으로는 효율성 제고에 한계가 있음을 보여 주고 있다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같은 정책적 함의를 가지고 있다. 첫째, 한국 미곡생산의 효율성 중대 잠재력이 결코 과소 평가되어서는 안된다. 둘째, 영농규모 확대가 쌀생산의 효율성 증대를 위해 필요한 것은 사실이지 만 단순한 경지규모의 확대에 치중하는 것보다 영농규모 확대를 저해하는 제도적 기술적 장애요인을 제거해 나가는 것이 더욱 중요하다. 마지막으로, 새로운 영농기술의 개발은 물론이고 현행 선진영농기술의 보급도 쌀생산의 효율성 중대에 상당한 역할을 할 수 있다는 사실이 간과되어서는 안된다.

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Inactive extracellular superoxide dismutase disrupts secretion and function of active extracellular superoxide dismutase

  • Jeon, Byeong-Wook;Kim, Byung-Hak;Lee, Yun-Sang;Kim, Sung-Sub;Yoon, Jong-Bok;Kim, Tae-Yoon
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제44권1호
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    • pp.40-45
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    • 2011
  • Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme that protects cells and tissues from extracellular damage by eliminating superoxide anion radicals produced during metabolism. Two different forms of EC-SOD exist, and their different enzyme activities are a result of different disulfide bond patterns. Although only two folding variants have been discovered so far, five folding variants are theoretically possible. Therefore, we constructed five different mutant EC-SOD expression vectors by substituting cysteine residues with serine residues and evaluated their expression levels and enzyme activities. The mutant EC-SODs were expressed at lower levels than that of wild-type EC-SOD, and all of the mutants exhibited inhibited extracellular secretion, except for C195S ECSOD. Finally, we demonstrated that co-expression of wild-type EC-SOD and any one of the mutant EC-SODs resulted in reduced secretion of wild-type EC-SOD. We speculate that mutant EC-SOD causes malfunctions in systems such as antioxidant systems and sensitizes tissues to ROS-mediated diseases.

토양환경분야 연구동향 및 전망 (Future Directions and Perspectives on Soil Environmental Researches)

  • 양재의;옥용식;정덕영
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제44권6호
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    • pp.1286-1294
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    • 2011
  • This paper reviews the future directions and perspectives on the soil environmental researches in the 21 century. Previously, the principal emphasis of soil environmental researches had put on the enhancement of food and fiber productions. Beside the basic function of soil, however, the societal needs on soil resources in the 21st century have demands for several environmental and social challenges, occurring regionally or globally. Typical global issues with which soil science should deal include food security with increasing agronomic production to meet the exploding world population growth, adaptation and mitigation of climate change, increase of the carbon sequestration, supply of the biomass and bioenergy, securing the water resource and quality, protection of environmental pollution, enhancing the biodiversity and ecosystem health, and developing the sustainable farming/cropping system that improve the use efficiency of water and agricultural resources. These challenges can be solved through the sustainable crop production intensification (SCPI) or plant welfare concept in which soil plays a key role in solving the abovementioned global issues. Through implementation of either concept, soil science can fulfill the goal of the modern agriculture which is the sustainable production of crops while maintaining or enhancing the ecosystem function, quality and health. Therefore, directions of the future soil environmental researches should lie on valuing soil as an ecosystem services, translating research across both temporal and spatial scales, sharing and using data already available for other purposes, incorporating existing and new technologies from other disciplines, collaborating across discipline, and translating soil research into information for stakeholders and end users. Through the outcomes of these approaches, soil can enhance the productivity from the same confined land, increase profitability, conserve natural resource, reduce the negative impact on environment, enhance human nutrition and health, and enhance natural capital and the flow of ecosystem services. Soil is the central dogma, final frontier and new engine for the era of sustainability development in the $21^{st}$ century and thus soil environmental researches should be carried according to this main theme.

Shear correction factors of a new exponential functionally graded porous beams

  • Mohammed Sid Ahmed Houari;Aicha Bessaim;Tarek Merzouki;AhmedAmine Daikh;Aman Garg;Abdelouahed Tounsi;Mohamed A. Eltaher;Mohamed-Ouejdi Belarbi
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제89권1호
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2024
  • This article introduces a novel analytical model for examining the impact of porosity on shear correction factors (SCFs) in functionally graded porous beams (FGPB). The study employs uneven and logarithmic-uneven modified porosity-dependent power-law functions, which are distributed throughout the thickness of the FGP beams. Additionally, a modified exponential-power law function is used to estimate the effective mechanical properties of functionally graded porous beams. The correction factor plays a crucial role in this analysis as it appears as a coefficient in the expression for the transverse shear stress resultant. It compensatesfor the assumption that the shear strain is uniform across the depth of the cross-section. By applying the energy equivalence principle, a general expression for static SCFs in FGPBs is derived. The resulting expression aligns with the findings obtained from Reissner's analysis, particularly when transitioning from the two-dimensional case (plate) to the one-dimensional case (beam). The article presents a convenient algebraic form of the solution and provides new case studies to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed formulation. Numerical results are also presented to illustrate the influence of porosity distribution on SCFs for different types of FGPBs. Furthermore, the article validates the numerical consistency of the mechanical property changesin FG beams without porosity and the SCF by comparing them with available results.

Wireless capsule endoscopy Locomotion

  • Wang, Zhao;Lim, Eng Gee;Leach, Mark;Xia, Tianqi;Lee, Sanghyuk
    • 중소기업융합학회논문지
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.55-62
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    • 2014
  • 무선 캡슐 내시경 (WCE)은 세기 초에 개발 될 수 있는 가장 영향력 있는 바이오 의료 전자 기술 중 하나였다. 기존의 내시경 진단과 비교하여,이 응용 프로그램은 이에 훨씬 더 사용자 친화적인 방식으로 전체 위장관 (GI) 트랙을 검사하기 위한 새로운 대안을 가진 외과 의사를 제공하는 비 침습 및 저 위험이 특징이다. 그 이외에도 일반 하드웨어 업그레이드에서 WCE 연구의 국경은 기본적으로 캡슐의 소형화 및 활성화 운동에 있다. 운동은 일반적으로 자연적인 연동 운동의 함수이다 현재 상용화 WCE 제품의 본질적인 결점을 극복하기 위해, 활성 운동력 효과적으로 다른 장기에 장치를 탐색 대상으로 인간 내 치료 기능을 수행하기 위해 사용되는 전략의 시리즈로서 제안 조직과 연구의 측면에 대한 몇 가지 새로운 디자인의 리뷰는 이 문서에서 논의 될 것이다.

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항만물류산업의 총요소생산성과 그 분해요인분석 (Total Factor Productivity Growth and the Decomposition Components of Korean Port-Logistics Industry)

  • 강상목;이주병
    • 한국항만경제학회지
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.47-70
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구의 목적은 확률적 생산변경함수를 이용하여 총요소생산성 성장을 도출하고 그 내부요소를 기술효율성 변화, 기술진보, 규모효율변화, 배분적 효율변화로 구분하여 생산성 성장의 요인을 파악해 보고자 함이다. 1990-2003년간 항만물류산업의 총요소생산성 증가율은 연간 0.019 (1.9%)로서 전산업의 증가율 0.010보다 높다. 그 내부의 주된 기여요인은 기술진보이고 기술효율성변화는 감소하였다. 총요소생산성의 주된 기여요인으로는 항만산업은 배분효율성, 해운산업은 기술진보, 수송장비산업은 규모효율변화를 들 수 있다. 총요소생산성 변화는 1990년대 후반이후에 감소하는 추이를 보였다. 항만물류산업은 전산업에 비하여 매우 낮은 수준의 기술효율성수준을 보여주고 있고 산출탄력성 관점에서는 1990-2003년간 자본의 탄력성(0.391)이 노동의 탄력성(0.227)보다 높지만 규모에 대한 보수는 0.618로서 최적규모에 상당히 벗어나 있다.

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유럽연합의 접경지역 개발 전략 - 프랑스-벨기에-룩셈부르크의 P. E. D.를 사례로 - (The Transfrontier Development Strategies in European Union - A Case Study of the Transfrontier among France-Belgium-Luxemburg -)

  • 문남철
    • 대한지리학회지
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    • 제37권4호
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    • pp.442-459
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    • 2002
  • 유럽연합의 형성으로 회원국가간에 존재하였던 기존의 국경기능이 완전히 사라지게 됨에 따라 유럽연합은 낙후된 접경지역을 개발하고, 접경지역간의 상호활동을 증대시켜 통합된 공동체의 내부지역으로 만들기 위해 1990년부터 접경지역개발계획(INTERREG)을 수립하여 접경지역 개발전략을 적극적으로 모색하고 있다. 과거 유럽 제철산업의 중심지였던 프랑스-벨기에-룩셈부르크의 접경지역은 지역경제와 사회침체를 억제하고 안정된 지역경제의 재 구조화를 이루기 위해 유럽연합의 INTERREG 계획과 유사한 지역경제ㆍ사회ㆍ문화적 특성을 바탕으로 접경지역의 공동개발인 P.E.D. 개발을 실행하고 있다. 또한 최근에는 지역경제의 재구조화뿐만 아니라 도시계획ㆍ행정ㆍ사회적 통합을 통해 지역을 활성화시키기 위한 장기적이고 전체적인 공동계발계획을 시도하고 있다.

Web-based Real Environment Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor Networks

  • Lee, Gil-Jae;Kong, Jong-Uk;Kim, Min-Ah;Byeon, Ok-Hwan
    • 한국정보기술응용학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보기술응용학회 2005년도 6th 2005 International Conference on Computers, Communications and System
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    • pp.207-210
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    • 2005
  • Ubiquitous computing is one of the key technology areas in the "Project on Development of Ubiquitous computing and network technology" promoted by the Ministry of Science and Technology as a frontier business of the $21^{st}$ century in Korea, which is based on the new concept merging physical space and computer-based cyber space. With recent advances in Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) technology, low cost and low-power consumption wireless micro sensor nodes have been available. Using these smart sensor nodes, there are many activities to monitor real world, for example, habitat monitoring, earthquake monitoring and so on. In this paper, we introduce web-based real environment monitoring system incorporating wireless sensor nodes. It collects sensing data produced by some wireless sensor nodes and stores them into a database system to analyze. Our environment monitoring system is composed of a networked camera and environmental sensor nodes, which are called Mica2 and developed by University of California at Berkeley. We have modified and ported network protocols over TinyOS and developed a monitoring application program using the MTS310 and MTS420 sensors that are able to observe temperature, relative humidity, light and accelerator. The sensed data can be accessed user-friendly because our environment monitoring system supports web-based user interface. Moreover, in this system, we can setup threshold values so the system supports a function to inform some anomalous events to administrators. Especially, the system shows two useful pre-processed data as a kind of practical uses: a discomfort index and a septicity index. To make both index values, the system restores related data from the database system and calculates them according to each equation relatively. We can do enormous works using wireless sensor technologies, but just environment monitoring. In this paper, we show just one of the plentiful applications using sensor technologies.

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cDNA Microarray Analysis of Differential Gene Expression in Boar Testes during the Prepubertal Period

  • Lee, Dong-Mok;Lee, Ki-Ho;Choi, Jin Ho;Hyun, Jin Hee;Lee, Eun Ju;Bajracharya, Prati;Lee, Yong Seok;Chang, Jongsoo;Chung, Chung Soo;Choi, Inho
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제22권8호
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    • pp.1091-1101
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    • 2009
  • In an attempt to understand the biochemical mechanism for the synthesis of the anabolic steroid, 19-nortestosterone, produced by prepubertal boar testes and its physiological role, normalized complementary DNA (cDNA) from boar testes was generated. DNA sequencing of 2,016 randomly selected clones yielded 794,116 base pairs of high quality nucleotide sequence. Computer-assisted assembly of the nucleotide sequence of each clone resulted in 423 contigs and 403 singletons including several genes for steroidogenic enzymes and molecules related to steroid metabolism. Analysis of gene expression pattern by use of the presently-fabricated cDNA microarray identified a number of genes that were differentially expressed during the postnatal development period in boar testes. Two genes of unknown function were identified to be highly expressed in the testis of 2-weeks-old neonatal boar. In addition, the sequencing of open reading frames of these genes revealed their homology with human alpha hemoglobin and Homo sapiens hypothetical LOC643669, transcript variant 1. Moreover, the transcripts of these genes were also detected in porcine muscle and adipocytes, in addition to Leydig cells of pigs.