• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 2012

The purpose of the study was to generate the candidate items for the Adolescent Friendship Social Capital Scale. Both inductive and deductive approaches were used to generate the scale items. Halpern's conceptual map of social capital served as the theoretical basis of this scale, and guided the development of items. Semi-structured interviews with adolescents in Sydney, Melbourne and Beijing generated the initial pool of scale items. Twenty-six items were generated for the Adolescent Friendship Social Capital Scale. The items are organised in four theoretical constructs: Bonding Networks, Bridging Norms, Bridging Sanctions, and Linking Networks. Each item is a short statement followed by a five-point Likert scale anchored by 1= "Strongly disagree" and 5= "Strongly agree". The scale has several advantages over previous measures of adolescent friendship networks and friendship social capital. The scale has a strong and clear theoretical structure, the scale items demonstrate initial construct and content validity, and the format of the scale enables the collection of continuous data. However, in order to ensure the validity and reliability of the scale, another two stages of research need to be conducted in the future: scale development and scale evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.77-95
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• 1999

Friendship network characteristics, friendship quality, and popularity status were examined for 298 first and third graders(M age=7 yrs., 3 mo. and 9 yrs., 2 mo.). Children provided friendship nominations and responded to the Friendship Quality Scale(Rhee & Koh, in press). Results indicated that 3rd graders had larger friendship networks and more supportive friendship than 1st graders, and girls reported more reciprocal friends and more supportive friendships than boys. The best predictor for friendship satisfaction was a reliable alliance. The higher the reciprocity in friendship choice, the higher the perception of friendship functions and satisfaction. Unpopular children were less likely than popular children to have a reciprocal friend, although friendless children were found in both groups.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.473-481
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effects of a size of the friendship network and quality of friendship on the associations between mutual antipathy and maladjustment. The subjects were 678 fifth- and sixth-grade primary school children who were recruited from a public school in Bucheon City. The Peer Nomination Inventory was used to assess mutual antipathy, peer victimization, social withdrawal, aggression, and the friendship network. The children were given a classroom roster and asked to nominate up to three classmates who fit each description. Additionally, the children reported the quality of their friendships using the Friendship Quality Scale. Each child was asked to indicate his or her one best friend and rate how accurately a sentence describe done of their best friends on the scale. The results revealed that the friendship network and friendship quality significantly moderated the relationships between mutual antipathy and social withdrawal, and peer victimization. The magnitude of the association between mutual antipathy and social withdrawal was not significant for large friendship networks and high quality friendships. Although mutual antipathy was significantly associated with peer victimization, the association was stronger at lower levels than at higher levels of the friendship network and quality. However, there was no moderating effect of the friendship network and quality on the association between mutual antipathy and aggression. A large friendship network and high quality friendship could be protective factors among those who have mutual antipathy in peer groups.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.177-192
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• 2013

The present study investigated the effect of area-specific social networks on urban workers life satisfaction. For this, 356 adults over age 20 were interviewed from June 17th 2013 to June 29th 2013. The findings are as follows: First, the closeness of family network index demonstrates that participants with higher affective support have higher life satisfaction. In addition, stronger extended family network brings more life satisfaction and so does a bigger friendship network. Secondly, the extended family network explains 17.6% of the variance in social networks follows by family network, other network, and friendship network, respectively. The closeness variable of social networks yields statistical significance on all categories of networks. The affective support level in the closeness variable of social networks shows differences as well; family network positively associates with life satisfaction. The purposes of this research are to investigate the actual conditions of urban workers' life satisfaction and the influence of family, extended family, friendship, and other variables on life satisfaction. If social networks have an influence on life satisfaction, to find the domain of social networks that holds the most influences on life satisfaction is an important ground in the process of implementing regional welfare.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 2019

This study investigates how adolescents' smartphone attachment, social anxiety, and offline and smartphone network sizes are related to their friendship in regards to maintaining either a strong or weak bond. Based on an online survey involving 402 adolescent smartphone users in South Korea, this study found that smartphone attachment was positively related to a strong ties friendship maintenance and negatively related to weak ties friendships. Similarly, social anxiety was found to be negatively associated with friendship maintenance for both strong and weak - tie relationships. More importantly, this study revealed that the types and size of social networks moderated the relationships among adolescents with smartphone attachment, social anxiety, and friendship maintenance through smartphones.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2009

A Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is a form of Mobile ad-hoc network, to provide temporary communications among nearby vehicles. Mobile node of VANET consumes energy and resource with participating in the member of network. Some node tends to have a selfishness to place one's own profits above cooperation with others. As result of selfish node, it reduces data accessibility and the efficiency of networks. In this paper, we propose noble method, Friendship-VaR that excludes selfish nodes from a group of VANET. Friendship-VaR enables to improve data accessibility by eliminating selfish nodes and sharing data among reliable nodes. Friendship-VaR determines selfishness of nodes by simple data exchange. The experiments shows proposed method outperform existing method in terms of data accessibility.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.119-126
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• 2024

This paper reviewed and provides clarifications as to the meaning and concept of Smart Cities with particular reference to the Smart City Components. The paper also discusses Internet of Things and the Big Data in relation to the role they played in the development and evolution of smart cities. The paper further provides discussions on the 5G Wireless Networks and Industry 4.0 buttressing their significance in the smart cities concept. The paper as the name implies; discusses on the readiness and adaptability of this trending concept 'Smart City' in the African global space.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.182-191
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of social networks among registered nurses in acute nursing care units. Methods: This study used a survey design. Four nursing units from two acute hospitals were selected using a convenience method, and 83 nurses from those nursing units participated in the study in July 2022. The positive influences among nurses included friendship, collaboration, advice, and referent networks, and the negative influences included avoidance and bullying networks. Using the NetMiner program, the k-means clustering technique was applied to create groups of nodes with similar characteristics. The general characteristics of the participants were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, frequency, and ANOVA or chi-squared test. Results: As a result of dividing the 83 nurse participants into four clusters, positive influencers, silent peers, unwelcome peers, and active bullies were identified. Positive influence group nurses were frequently mentioned in the friendship, collaboration, advice, and referent networks. On the other hand, nurses in the unwelcome group and the active bullying group were frequently mentioned in the avoidance and bullying networks. Conclusion: Social networks that have a positive or negative impact on nursing performance are created through different relationships between nurses. Nurse managers can use the findings to create a more supportive and collaborative environment. Further research is needed to develop intervention programs to improve interactions and relationships between fellow nurses.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.187-196
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• 2020

This study attempted to examine the structural characteristics of the social network of nursing units by dividing them into a job-related advice network and a friendship network, and to analyze the relationship between nurse organizational commitment and intent to leave. The subjects were 420 nurses working in 4 hospitals and 30 nursing units. Data were analyzed using UCINET 6.0, SPSS 20.0 and HLM 7.0. In job-related advice networks, degree centrality of head nurse contributed to organizational commitment. Network density contributed to intent to leave. In friendship networks, closeness centrality of head nurses and betweenness centrality of charge nurse contributed to organizational commitment. Density and betweenness centrality of charge nurses contributed to intent to leave. Accordingly, it is necessary to foster good relationships between nurses and to develop various types of strategies for building effective networks.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.133-144
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the social networks and its relationship with the psychological well-being of middle-aged men. The participants were 314 men who were married living in Pusan, aged between 40 and 59, having occupation and children. Data were collected by questionnaire which consists of Social Networks Scale and Psychological Well-being Scale. The major results of the study were summarized as follows; First, the range of the social contact with men's own kin was wider than women's. In the contact frequency of midge-aged men, primary networks were shown more frequent contact than the secondary networks. In the characteristics of interactive function of social networks, kinship of the middle- aged men, their partners and friendship networks were the most important among the six networks, which agrees the fact that kin are still the primary source of social support. Second, the level of psychological well-being was lower than family-related satisfaction and work-related satisfaction. In the work-related satisfaction, the level of job satisfaction was lower than the other sub-categories. Psychological well-being of middle-aged men were affected by Social economic status as well.