• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 proceedings of the second asia international conference on tribology
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• pp.465-466
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• 2002

In any mechanical system consisting of gears, shafts and/or bearings, the majority of metallic particles deposited into and carried by the lubrication system originate from the deterioration of oil-wetted working surfaces, even in proper lubrication system, due to failure mechanism (s) such as wear, fatigue and fretting corrosion. Determination of the point at which transition from normal to abnormal or to actual damage occurs has become a focus of attention in research activities for years, because it has been recognized that reliable, economic operation can be achieved through appropriate preventative measures. Known collectively from 'all size wear debris analysis' as early failure detection, the methods of testing for damage differ considerably, range from a micron or a submicron size debris analysis to Magnetic Chip Detector (MCD) ferrous debris analysis. This paper will be focused on the utilization of the low-cost analysis techniques for evaluation of industrial machinery condition.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.81-93
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• 1990

1983년 5월부터 1989년 9월까지 본 영남의료원 정형외과에 대퇴골 간부골절시 사용한 금속 내 고정물의 금속 부전으로 입원한 경우 중 부전된 금속의 표면관찰이 가능한 8례에 대한 임상적 고찰 및 부전된 금속 파손 표면의 관찰을 통해 확인한 파손 원인을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 금속 부전이 발생 내고정물의 종류는 압박금속판 5례, Jewett nail 1례, Rowe plate screw 1례, interlocking nail 1례였다. 2. 금속 부전의 임상적 추정에 의한 원인으로는 반대편 피질골 결손 5례, 부적절한 위치선정 1례 및 부적절한 금속선택 1례였다. 3. 금속 내고정후 금속 부전이 되기까지의 기간을 보면, 4개월이 1례, 6개월에서 12개월 사이가 6례, 3년이 1례였다. 4. 부전된 내고정물의 파손면 관찰을 통해 확인한 금속부전의 원인을 보면, 첫째, impact failure 1례 둘째, fatigue failure 6례 machining mark가 있어 이것이 stress riser로서 역할을 한 것으로 보이는 경우가 4례였으며, 이의 형태는 low consistent cyclic fatigue failure와 irregular cyclic fatigue failure의 형태를 관찰할 수 있었다. 셋째, Stress corrosion crack 1례를 관찰할 수 있었다. 5. 316L Stainless Steel은 내부식성이 좋은 금속이지만 fretting에 의해 특유의 부동태 피막이 손상되면 pitting corrosion을 일으키며 경우에 따라서는 파손의 기점으로 작용되어 failure의 주요 원인이 되기도 한다. 6. screw hole의 가공시 기계에 의한 손상 및 기구(implant) 제조 과정중 손상이 plate의 failure를 유발하는 중요한 원인이 될 수도 있다. 기계에 의한 손상은 응력을 집중시키므로 plate가 파손되기 쉽게 한다. 이상의 결과 임상적 추정에 의한 원인 이외에도 부전된 금속파손면 관찰을 통해 중요한 다른 원인을 찾을 수 있었으므로, 금속부전의 예방을 위해 앞으로 이 방향으로의 계속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.325-330
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• 2004

Recently, the request for the high strength of material is more and more increased in the area of industrial environment and machinery. To accomplish the high strength of materials, carbonizing treatment, nitrifying treatment, shot-peening method are representatively applied, however, shot-peening method is generally used among the surface processes. Shot peening is a cold working process used to impact Compressive residual stressed in the exposed surface layers. Benefits due to shot peening are increase in resistance to fatigue, stress corrosion cracking, fretting, galling, erosion and closing of pores. In this study, the influence of shot peening on the corrosion was investigated on spring steel immersed in 3.5% NaCl. The immersion test as performed on the two kinds of specimens. Corrsion potential, polarization curve, residual stress and etc, were investigated from experiment results. From test result the effect of shot peening on the corrosion was evaluated. The important results of the experimental study on the effects of shot peened on the environment corrosion of spring steels are as follows; In case of corrosion potential, shot peened specimen shows more activated negative direction as compared with parent mental. Surface of specimen, which is treated with the shot peened is placed as more activated state against inner base metal. It can cause t도 anti-corrosion effect on the base metal.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2005

Shot peening can be defined as the process of work hardening of the surface of components by means of propelled stream of spherical shot. Benefits due to shot peening are increase in resistance to fatigue, stress corrosion cracking, fretting, galling, erosion and closing of pores. In this study, the influence of shot peening on the corrosion was investigated on spring steel immersed in $3.5\%\;NaCl$. The immersion test was performed on the two kinds of specimens. Corrosion potential, polarization curve, residual stress and etc. were investigated from experimental results. From test results, the effect of shot peening on the corrosion was evaluated. The important results of the experimental study on the effects of shot peened spring steels on the environment corrosion are as follows; In case of corrosion potential, shot peened specimen shows more activated negative direction as compared with parent metal. Surface of specimen, which is treated with the shot peened, is placed as more activated state against inner base metal. It can cause the anti-corrosion effect on the base metal.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.532-538
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• 2002

3가지 종류의 알루미늄 합금강의 피로균열 진전 시 균열 열림 및 닫힘에 따른 음향방출 신호를 분류하기 위하여 주성분 분석 방법과 인공신경망 기법을 적용하였다. 재료의 균열 열림과 닫힘, 마찰 등과 같은 여러 가지 AE 신호를 얻기 위하여 피로시험을 수행하였다. 주성분 분석결과 AE 파라미터의 제 1 및 제 2 주성분만으로도 균열 열렴 및 닫힘에 대한 AE 신호의 변이를 94% 이상 설명할 수 있는 것으로 분석되어 주성분 분석 기법을 이용한 균열 열림 및 닫힘에 대한 신호해석이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. AE 신호의 주성분들을 입력변수로 사용한 인공신경망을 이용하여 균열 열림 및 닫힘을 분류할 수 있는 분류기를 개발하고 평가한 결과 분류기의 입력 변수로서 2개의 주성분을 이용 할 경우 전체 AE 파라미터를 입력변수로 사용한 경우 보다 분류 성능이 향상되었다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.409-416
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• 2012

Recently, surface modification technology is of importance to improve the wear resistance and the corrosive resistance for high accurate mechanical parts such as LM guide, Ball Screw and Roller Bearing etc., Those has generally featured on rolling contact mechanism to improve not only the wear and the friction, but also the accuracy and the corrosion performances. For surface modifications of high accurate mechanical parts, normally thermal spray, PVD, CVD and E.P. processes have been used with many materials such as DLC, raydent, W, Ni, Ti etc. Diamondlike carbon (DLC) films possess a combination of attractive properties and have been largely employed to modify the tribological behaviors such as friction, wear, corrosion, fretting fatigue, biocompatibility, etc. However, for rolling contact mechanism mechanical parts DLC films are needed to study for commercial benefit. Rolling contact mechanism has features on effects of cyclic motions and stresses, and also not simply sliding motions. The papers focused on the performance test of wear and corrosive resistance according to Me-DLC film thickness. And also, its thickness effect of wear analysis was carried out through the simulation of the maximum shear stress under the rolling contact surface. As the results, Me-DLC films have more potential to improve the wear resistance for high precision mechanical parts than raydent films.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.157-169
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• 2016

The structural integrity of tube bundles represents a major concern when dealing with high risk industries, such as nuclear steam generators, where the rupture of a tube or tubes will lead to the undesired mixing of the primary and secondary fluids. Flow-induced vibration is one of the major concerns that could compromise the structural integrity. The vibration is caused by fluid flow excitation. While there are several excitation mechanisms that could contribute to these vibrations, fluidelastic instability is generally regarded as the most severe. When this mechanism prevails, it could cause serious damage to tube arrays in a very short period of time. The tubes are therefore stiffened by means of supports to avoid these vibrations. To accommodate the thermal expansion of the tube, as well as to facilitate the installation of these tube bundles, clearances are allowed between the tubes and their supports. Progressive tube wear and chemical cleaning gradually increases the clearances between the tubes and their supports, which can lead to more frequent and severe tube/support impact and rubbing. These increased impacts can lead to tube damage due to fatigue and/or wear at the support locations. This paper presents simulations of a loosely supported multi-span U-bend tube subjected to turbulence and fluidelastic instability forces. The mathematical model for the loosely-supported tubes and the fluidelastic instability model is presented. The model is then utilized to simulate the nonlinear response of a U-bend tube with flat bar supports subjected to cross-flow. The effect of the support clearance as well as the support offset are investigated. Special attention is given to the tube/support interaction parameters that affect wear, such as impact and normal work rate.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2015

Steam generator(S/G) tubes in pressurized water reactor (PWR's) are subject to several types of degradation. This degradation includes denting, pitting, intergranular attack(IGA), intergranular stress corrosion cracking(IGSCC), fatigue, fretting and wear. Degradation can be derived from either the primary side(inside) or the secondary side(outside) of the tube. Recent issue for tube degradation in domestic steam generator is the tube end cracking on seal weld region. The seal weld region at the tube end and tube itself is regarded as a pressure boundary between the primary side and the secondary side. One of the Westinghouse Model-F S/G has experienced tube end cracking and its number of plugging approximately becomes to the operating limit up to 5% due to tube end cracking which was reported as SAI/MAI(single/multiple axial indication) or SCI/MCI(Single/multiple circumferential indication) from the results of eddy current testing. Eddy current mock-up test was carried out to determine the origin of cracking whether it is from weld zone area or parent tube. This result was helpful to analyze crack location on ECT data. Correct action on this problem was the installation of tube-end sleeve. Last year, after removing 340 installed plugs from tubes, selected 269 tubes took tube-end sleeve installation. Tube-end sleeve brought pressure boundary from parent tube to installed sleeve tube. Tube-end sleeve has the benefit of reducing outage period and increasing more revenue than replacing S/G. This paper is provided to assist interest parties in effectively understanding this issue.